Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Infections of the Eyelids, Orbit, and Ocular Adnexa

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Infected Eye

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of the diagnosis and treatment of infections of the periocular soft tissues and orbit. Common infections in this area include preseptal and orbital cellulitis and infections of the lacrimal outflow system. Cellulitis commonly originates in the paranasal sinuses and spreads to the orbits by direct extension. It is imperative to distinguish between a superficial infection of the eyelids (preseptal cellulitis) and a deeper infection in the orbit (orbital cellulitis), which can lead to cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) and morbidity affecting multiple organ systems. It is also important to recognize inflammatory conditions which may mimic infection but require different treatments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Donahue S, Schwartz G. Preseptal and orbital cellulitis in childhood. Ophthalmology. 1998;105(10):1902–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Sharma A, Liu E, Le T, Adatia F, Buncic J, Blaser S, et al. Pediatric orbital cellulitis in the Haemophilus influenzae vaccine era. J AAPOS. 2015;19(3):206–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Atfeh M, Khalil H. Orbital infections: five-year case series, literature review and guideline development. J Laryngol Otol. 2015;129(07):670–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Mills R. Orbital and periorbital sepsis. J Laryngol Otol. 1987;101:1242–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Miglioretti D, Johnson E, Williams A, Greenlee R, Weinmann S, Solberg L, et al. The use of computed tomography in pediatrics and the associated radiation exposure and estimated cancer risk. JAMA Pediatr. 2013;167(8):700.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Howe L, Jones N. Guidelines for the management of periorbital cellulitis/abscess. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2004;29(6):725–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bergin D, Wright J. Orbital cellulitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1986;70(3):174–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Lee S, Yen MT. Management of preseptal and orbital cellulitis. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2011;25(1):21–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Reynolds D, Kodsi S, Rubin S, Rodgers I. Intracranial infection associated with preseptal and orbital cellulitis in the pediatric patient. J AAPOS. 2003;7(6):413–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Rubin P, Foster C. Etiology and management of idiopathic orbital inflammation. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;138(6):1041–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Lee D, Chai C, Loon S. Primary external dacryocystorhinostomy versus primary endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: a review. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2010;38(4):418–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Chaudhry I, Shamsi F, Elzaridi E, Al-Rashed W, Al-Amri A, Al-Anezi F, et al. Outcome of treated orbital cellulitis in a tertiary eye care center in the Middle East. Ophthalmology. 2007;114(2):345–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Oxford L, McClay J. Medical and surgical management of subperiosteal orbital abscess secondary to acute sinusitis in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;70(11):1853–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Garcia G. Criteria for nonsurgical management of subperiosteal abscess of the orbit analysis of outcomes 1988–1998. Ophthalmology. 2000;107(8):1454–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Gulati D, Strbian D, Sundararajan S. Cerebral venous thrombosis: diagnosis and management. Stroke. 2013;45(2):e16–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Ebright J, Pace M, Niazi A. Septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinuses. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(22):2671.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Zafar M, Waheed S, Enam S. Orbital aspergillus infection mimicking a tumour: a case report. Cases J. 2009;2(1):7860.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Warwar R, Bullock J. Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: a review. Orbit. 1998;17(4):237–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Li S, Perlman J, Edward D, Weiss R. Unilateral Blastomyces dermatitidis endophthalmitis and orbital cellulitis. Ophthalmology. 1998;105(8):1466–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Pushker N, Meel R, Kashyap S, Bajaj M, Sen S. Invasive aspergillosis of orbit in immunocompetent patients: treatment and outcome. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(9):1886–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Levin L, Avery R, Shore J, Woog J, Sullivan BA. The spectrum of orbital aspergillosis: a clinicopathological review. Surv Ophthal. 1996;41(2):142–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ibrahim AS, Kontoyiannis DP. Update on mucormycosis pathogenesis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2013;26(6):508–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Kohn R, Hepler R. Management of limited rhino-orbital mucormycosis without exenteration. Ophthalmology. 1985;92(10):1440–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Marcet M. Aspergillus infection of the orbital apex masquerading as tolosa-hunt syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007;125(4):563.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Campolattaro B, Lueder G, Tychsen L. Spectrum of pediatric dacryocystitis: medical and surgical management of 54 cases. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2016;34(3):143–53.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Bale R. Dacryocystitis: bacteriological study and its relation with nasal pathology. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2016;35(4):178–82.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Asheim J, Spickler E. CT demonstration of dacryolithiasis complicated by dacryocystitis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2016;26(10):2640–1.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Baskin D, Reddy A, Chu Y, Coats D. The timing of antibiotic administration in the management of infant dacryocystitis. J AAPOS. 2008;12(5):456–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Mohan E, Kabra S, Udhay P, Madhavan H. Intracanalicular antibiotics may obviate the need for surgical management of chronic suppurative canaliculitis. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2008;56(4):338.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Lin S, Kao S, Tsai C, Cheng C, Kau H, Hsu W, et al. Clinical characteristics and factors associated the outcome of lacrimal canaliculitis. Acta Ophthalmol. 2010;89(8):759–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Varma B, Chang D, Musaad S. A case series on chronic canaliculitis. Orbit. 2016;25(11):4.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Huang Y, Yu W, Tsai C, Kao S, Kau H, Liu C. Clinical features, microbiological profiles and treatment outcome of lacrimal plug-related canaliculitis compared with those of primary canaliculitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015 [Epub ahead of print].

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ophthalmology, Eastern Virginia Medical School-Sentara Norfolk General Hospital Lions Center for Sight, Tufts University Medical Center-New England Eye Center, 600 Gresham Drive, Norfolk, Virginia, 23507, USA

    Guneet Sodhi MD

  2. Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center-New England Eye Center, Biewend Building, 9-11th Floor, 260 Tremont Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA

    Erica Liu MD

  3. Ophthalmology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03756, USA

    Jennifer Renz MD, MA

  4. Tufts Medical Center-New England Eye Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Jennifer Renz MD, MA

  5. Ophthalmology-Oculoplastic Surgery, Tufts Medical Center-New England Eye Center, Biewend Building, 11th Floor, 260 Tremont Street, Boston, MA, 02116, USA

    Katrinka Heher MD & Mitesh Kapadia MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Guneet Sodhi MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Erica Liu MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jennifer Renz MD, MA
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Katrinka Heher MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mitesh Kapadia MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mitesh Kapadia MD, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Nora V. Laver

  2. Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Health-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA

    Charles S. Specht

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sodhi, G., Liu, E., Renz, J., Heher, K., Kapadia, M. (2016). Infections of the Eyelids, Orbit, and Ocular Adnexa. In: Laver, N., Specht, C. (eds) The Infected Eye. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42840-6_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42840-6_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42838-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42840-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation