Abstract
Rodents are able to navigate within dynamic environments by constantly adapting to their surroundings. Hippocampal place-cells encode the animals current location and fire in sequences during path planning events. Place-cells receive excitatory inputs from grid-cells whose metric system constitute a powerful mechanism for vector based navigation for both known and unexplored locations. However, neither the purpose or the behavioral consequences of such mechanism are fully understood. During early exploration of a maze with multiple discrimination points, rodents typically manifest a conflict-like behavior consisting of alternating head movements from one arm of the maze to the other be- fore making a choice, a behavior which is called vicarious trial and error (VTE). Here, we suggest that VTE is modulated by the learning process between spatial- and reward-tuned neuronal populations. We present a hippocampal model of place- and grid-cells for both space representation and mental travel that we used to control a robot solving a foraging task. We show that place-cells are able to represent the agents current location, whereas grid-cells encode the robots movement in space and project their activity over unexplored paths. Our results suggest a tight interaction between spatial and reward related neuronal activity in defining VTE behavior.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hafting, T., et al.: Microstructure of a spatial map in the entorhinal cortex. Nature 436(7052), 801–806 (2005)
Pata, D.S., Escuredo, A., Lallée, S., Verschure, P.F.M.J.: Hippocampal based model reveals the distinct roles of dentate gyrus and CA3 during robotic spatial navigation. In: Duff, A., Lepora, N.F., Mura, A., Prescott, T.J., Verschure, P.F.M.J. (eds.) Living Machines 2014. LNCS, vol. 8608, pp. 273–283. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)
Maffei, G., Santos-Pata, D., Marcos, E., Sanchez-Fibla, M., Verschure, P.F.: An embodied biologically constrained model of foraging: from classical and operant conditioning to adaptive real-world behavior in DAC-X. Neural Netw. 72, 88–108 (2015)
Domnisoru, C., Kinkhabwala, A.A., Tank, D.W.: Membrane potential dynamics of grid cells. Nature 495(7440), 199–204 (2013)
Johnson, A., David Redish, A.: Neural ensembles in CA3 transiently encode paths forward of the animal at a decision point. J. Neurosci. 27(45), 12176–12189 (2007)
Guanella, A., Kiper, D., Verschure, P.: A model of grid cells based on a twisted torus topology. Int. J. Neural Syst. 17(04), 231–240 (2007)
Brun, V.H., et al.: Progressive increase in grid scale from dorsal to ventral medial entorhinal cortex. Hippocampus 18(12), 1200–1212 (2008)
Tolman, E.C.: Cognitive maps in rats and men. Psychol. Rev. 55(4), 189 (1948)
Redish, A.D.: Vicarious trial and error. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 17(3), 147–159 (2016)
Sanders, H., et al.: Grid cells and place cells: an integrated view of their navigational and memory function. Trends Neurosci. 38(12), 763–775 (2015)
Bush, D., et al.: Using grid cells for navigation. Neuron 87(3), 507–520 (2015)
van der Meer, M.A., et al.: Triple dissociation of information processing in dorsal striatum, ventral striatum, and hippocampus on a learned spatial decision task. Neuron 67(1), 25–32 (2010)
Hebb, D.O.: The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory. Psychology Press, New York (2005)
de Almeida, L., Idiart, M., Lisman, J.E.: The input output transformation of the hippocampal granule cells: from grid cells to place fields. J. Neurosci. 29(23), 7504–7512 (2009)
O’Keefe, J., Dostrovsky, J.: The hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat. Brain Res. 34(1), 171–175 (1971)
Yoon, K.J., et al.: Specific evidence of low-dimensional continuous attractor dynamics in grid cells. Nat. Neurosci. 16(8), 1077–1084 (2013)
Pfeiffer, B.E., Foster, D.J.: Hippocampal place-cell sequences depict future paths to remembered goals. Nature 497(7447), 74–79 (2013)
Taube, J.S., Muller, R.U., Ranck, J.B.: Head-direction cells recorded from the postsubiculum in freely moving rats. I. Description and quantitative analysis. J. Neurosci. 10(2), 420–435 (1990)
Acknowledgments
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement 341196; CDAC.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Santos-Pata, D., Zucca, R., Verschure, P.F.M.J. (2016). Navigate the Unknown: Implications of Grid-Cells “Mental Travel” in Vicarious Trial and Error. In: Lepora, N., Mura, A., Mangan, M., Verschure, P., Desmulliez, M., Prescott, T. (eds) Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems. Living Machines 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9793. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42417-0_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42417-0_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42416-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42417-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)