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Schwann Cell and Axon: An Interlaced Unit—From Action Potential to Phenotype Expression

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Glial Cells in Health and Disease of the CNS

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 949))

Abstract

Here we propose a model of a peripheral axon with a great deal of autonomy from its cell body—the autonomous axon—but with a substantial dependence on its ensheathing Schwann cell (SC), the axon-SC unit. We review evidence in several fields and show that (i) axons can extend sprouts and grow without the concurrence of the cell body, but regulated by SCs; (ii) axons synthesize their proteins assisted by SCs that supply them with ribosomes and, probably, with mRNAs by way of exosomes; (iii) the molecular organization of the axoplasm, i.e., its phenotype, is regulated by the SC, as illustrated by the axonal microtubular content, which is down-regulated by the SC; and (iv) the axon has a program for self-destruction that is boosted by the SC. The main novelty of this model axon-SC unit is that it breaks with the notion that all proteins of the nerve cell are specified by its own nucleus. The notion of a collaborative specification of the axoplasm by more than one nucleus, which we present here, opens a new dimension in the understanding of the nervous system in health and disease and is also a frame of reference to understand other tissues or cell associations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile

    Felipe A. Court

  2. FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile

    Felipe A. Court

  3. Millenium Nucleus for Regenerative Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8331150, Chile

    Felipe A. Court & Jaime Alvarez

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  1. Felipe A. Court
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Correspondence to Felipe A. Court .

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  1. Faculty of Medicine Professor of Neurology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Rommy von Bernhardi

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Court, F.A., Alvarez, J. (2016). Schwann Cell and Axon: An Interlaced Unit—From Action Potential to Phenotype Expression. In: von Bernhardi, R. (eds) Glial Cells in Health and Disease of the CNS. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 949. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40764-7_9

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