Abstract
Electrical and acoustical measurements are made on transducers to determine performance characteristics and parameters for comparison with goals and theoretical models when the latter are available. In this chapter we discuss the procedures and means for making such measurements [1–11]. Admittance or impedance measurements are normally made first under air loading (which simulates a vacuum) and then under water loading, often at various hydrostatic pressures, temperatures, and drive levels. Measurements of the transmitting response, source level, efficiency, receiving response, beam patterns, and harmonic distortion of transducers and transducer arrays are usually made in the far field, where spherical spreading holds. However, in some cases measurements can be made in the near field and projected to the far field through extrapolation formulas. Measurement is the important final step in evaluating the performance of all transducers. Specific projector and hydrophone designs are given in Chaps. 5 and 6 and the modeling methods used for these designs are discussed in Chaps. 2 and 3.
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Butler, J.L., Sherman, C.H. (2016). Transducer Evaluation and Measurement. In: Transducers and Arrays for Underwater Sound. Modern Acoustics and Signal Processing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39044-4_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39044-4_9
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