Abstract
Important transducer characteristics such as resonant frequency, mechanical quality factor, characteristic impedance, electromechanical coupling coefficient, and figure of merit (FOM) will be discussed in more detail in this chapter. One reason for more discussion is that some aspects of transducer theory are not standardized. For example, several definitions of electromechanical coupling coefficient and of mechanical quality factor are in use. In particular, it is important to extend the discussion of the electromechanical coupling coefficient in Sect. 1.4.1 to include other definitions, properties, and interpretations. Another reason for more discussion of transducer characteristics is the need to present certain practical considerations that have not been fully developed in the previous chapters. It was pointed out in Chap. 2 that transducer performance is determined by an effective coupling coefficient that is usually less than the material coupling coefficient of the active material used in the transducer. There are numerous causes of this reduced effective coupling, such as inactive transducer components and dynamic operating conditions, that occur in all transducers, and eddy currents that occur in magnetostrictive transducers. We will present practical methods of determining the effective coupling coefficients that result from many of these causes, with some specific examples. Finally, we will present a parameter based figure of merit (FOM) as a metric for power transducers.
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Butler, J.L., Sherman, C.H. (2016). Transducer Characteristics. In: Transducers and Arrays for Underwater Sound. Modern Acoustics and Signal Processing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39044-4_4
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