Skip to main content

Scattering Techniques: Small- and Wide-Angle Neutron Diffraction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Neutron Methods for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Part of the book series: Neutron Scattering Applications and Techniques ((NEUSCATT))

Abstract

Neutron scattering techniques are widely used for materials characterization and may be used to study meso-, micro- and nano-structures of objects of cultural heritage interest. This chapter presents the theoretical framework and introductory instrumentation of neutron diffraction techniques together with some practical examples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Arletti Cartechini L, Rinaldi R, Giovannini S, Kockelmann W, Cardarelli A (2008) Texture analysis of bronze age axes by neutron diffraction. Appl Phys A 90:9–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bacon GE, Bacon PJ, Griffiths RK (1984) A neutron diffraction study of the bones of the foot. J Amat 139(2):265

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter JM, Loong C-K (2015) Elements of slow-neutron scattering. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • CRYSTMET (2002) STFC chemical database service

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorner B (1999) Basic concepts. Lecture Notes on neutron scattering. Introductory course to ECNS’99, KFKI-1999-04/E(REPORT)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari M, Lutterotti L (1994) Method for the simultaneous determination of anisotropic residual stresses and texture by X-ray diffraction. J Appl Phys 76(11):7246–7255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Festa G, Senesi R, Alessandroni M, Andreani C, Vitali G, Porcinai S, Giusti AM, Materna T, Paradowska A (2011) Non destructive neutron diffraction measurements of cavities, inhomogeneities and residual strain in bronzes of Ghiberti’s relief from the Gates of Paradise. J Appl Phys, vol 109(6)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall SR, Allen FH, Brown ID (1991) The crystallographic information file (cif): a new standard archive file for crystallography. Acta Crystallogr A A47:655–685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ICSD (2004) Inorganic crystal structure database. Germany National Institute of Standard and Technology, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Kockelmann W, Kirfel A (2001) Non-destructive phase analysis of archaeological ceramics using TOF neutron diffraction. J Archaeol Sci 28:213–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kockelmann W, Siano S, Schreiner MR (2004) Time-of-flight neutron diffraction (TOF-ND) for characterising archaeological artefacts. STUDIO E CONSERVAZIONE DI MANUFATTI ARCHEOLOGICI. Nardini Editore, Firenze

    Google Scholar 

  • Kockelmann W, Siano S, Bartoli L, Visser D, Hallebeek P, Traum R, Linke R, Schreiner M, Kirfel A (2006) Applications of TOF neutron diffraction in archaeometry. Appl Phys A 00:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Larson AC, Von Dreele RB (2000) General structure analysis system (GSAS). Los Alamos National Laboratory report LAUR 86-748

    Google Scholar 

  • Loong C-K, Thiyagarajan P, Kolesnikov AI (2004) Neutron-scattering characterization of nanostructured materials relevant to biotechnology, Nanotechnology 15:S664

    Google Scholar 

  • PDF (2000) Power diffraction file. International centre for diffraction data

    Google Scholar 

  • Rietveld HM (1969) A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures. J Appl Crystallogr 2(2):65–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rinaldi R, Artioli G, Kockelmann W, Kirfel A, Siano S (2002) The contribution of the neutron scattering of cultural heritage. NOTIZIARIO NEUTRONI E LUCE DI SINCROTRONE, vol 7(2) (Giugno)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez-Carvajal J (1993) J Phys B 192:55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santisteban JR, Daymond MR, James JA, Edwards L (2006a) ENGIN-X: a third-generation neutron strain scanner. J Appl Crystallogr 39:812–825

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santisteban J, Siano S, Daymond M (2006b) neutron strain scanning of archaeological bronzes. Mater Sci Forum 01:524–525

    Google Scholar 

  • Siano S, Kockelmann W, Bafile U, Celli M, Iozzo M, Miccio M, Mose O, Pini R, Salimbeni R, Zoppi M (2002) Quantitative multiphase analysis of archaeological bronzes by neutron diffraction. Appl Phys A 74[Suppl.]:S1139–S1142

    Google Scholar 

  • Siano S, Bartoli L, Zoppi M, Kockelmann W, Daymond M, Dann JA, Garagnani MG, Miccio M (2003) Microstructural bronze characterisation by time-of-flight neutron diffraction. Proc Archaeometallurgy Eur 2:319–329

    Google Scholar 

  • Siano S, Bartoli L, Santisteban JR, Kockelmann W, Daymond MR, Miccio M, De Marinis G (2006) Non-destructive investigation of bronzes artefacts from the marches national museum of archaeology using neutron diffraction. Archaeometry 48(1):77–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Squires GL (1978) Introduction to the theory of thermal neutron scattering. Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Toby BH (2001) EXPGUI, a graphical user interface for GSAS. J Appl Cryst 34:210–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vegard L (1921) Zeitschrift für Physik 5:17–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wenk HR, Molli G (2003) Texture and microstructure. J Struct Geol, vol 25

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenk HR, Van Houtte P (2004) Texture and anisotropy. Rep Prog Phys 67:1367–1428

    Google Scholar 

  • Xie Y, Lutterotti L, Wenk HR, Kovacs F (2004) Texture analysis of ancient coins with TOF neutron diffraction. J Mater Sci 39:3329–3337

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C.-K. Loong .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Loong, CK., Scherillo, A., Festa, G. (2017). Scattering Techniques: Small- and Wide-Angle Neutron Diffraction. In: Kardjilov, N., Festa, G. (eds) Neutron Methods for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage. Neutron Scattering Applications and Techniques. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33163-8_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics