Skip to main content

Intelligent Digital Signal Processing and Feature Extraction Methods

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
New Approaches in Intelligent Image Analysis

Part of the book series: Intelligent Systems Reference Library ((ISRL,volume 108))

Abstract

Intelligent systems comprise a large variety of applications, including ones based on signal processing. This field benefits from considerable popularity, especially with recent advances in artificial intelligence, improving existing processing methods and providing robust and scalable solutions to existing and new problems. This chapter builds on well-known signal processing techniques, such as the short-time Fourier and wavelet transform, and introduces the concept of instantaneous frequency along with implementation details. Applications featuring the presented methods are discussed in an attempt to show how intelligent systems and signal processing can work together. Examples that highlight the cooperation between signal analysis and fuzzy c-means clustering, neural networks and support vector machines are being presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kaiser, G.: A Friendly Guide to Wavelets. Birkhäuser (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cooley, J.W., Tukey, J.W.: An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier series. Math. Comput. 19, 297–297 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  3. White, S.: A simple FFT butterfly arithmetic unit. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. 28, 352–355 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Johnson, S.G., Frigo, M.: A Modified split-radix FFT with fewer arithmetic operations. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 55, 111–119 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Megas, D., Serra-Ruiz, J., Fallahpour, M.: Efficient self-synchronised blind audio watermarking system based on time domain and FFT amplitude modification. Signal Process. 90, 3078–3092 (2010)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Hillerkuss, D., et al.: Simple all-optical FFT scheme enabling Tbit/s real-time signal processing. Opt. Express 18, 9324–9340 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Zhong, R., Huang, M.: Winkler model for dynamic response of composite caisson–piles foundations: seismic response. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 66, 241–251 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Carbonaro, M., Nucara, A.: Secondary structure of food proteins by Fourier transform spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region. Amino Acids 38, 679–690 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. McRobbie, D.W., Moore, E.A., Graves, M.J., Prince, M.R.: MRI from Picture to Proton, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gabor, D.: Theory of communication. Part 1: the analysis of information. J. Inst. Electr. Eng. Part III: Radio Commun. Eng. 93, 429–441 (1946)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Allen, R.L., Mills, D.: Signal Analysis: Time, Frequency, Scale, and Structure. Wiley, IEEE Press (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Chikkerur, S., Cartwright, A.N., Govindaraju, V.: Fingerprint enhancement using STFT analysis. Pattern Recogn. 40, 198–211 (2007)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Sherlock, B.G.: Fingerprint enhancement by directional Fourier filtering. IEEE Proc. Vision, Image, Signal Process. 141, 87 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Mallat, S. Peyre, G.: A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing: The Sparse Way, 3rd edn. Academic Press (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Daubechies, I.: Ten lectures on wavelets. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math. (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Rucka, M., Wilde, K.: Application of continuous wavelet transform in vibration based damage detection method for beams and plates. J. Sound Vib. 297, 536–550 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Mallat, S., Zhong, S.: Characterization of signals from multi-scale edges. IEEE Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 14, 710–732 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Rabbani, M., Joshi, R.: An overview of the JPEG2000 still image compression standard. Signal Process. Image Commun. 3–48 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Huang, N.E., Shen, Z., Long, S.R., Wu, M.C., Shih, H.H., Zheng, Q., Yen, N.C., Tung, C.C., Liu, H.H.: The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. In: Proceedings of the Royal Society London A, pp. 903–995 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Földvári, R.: Generalized instantaneous amplitude and frequency functions and their application for pitch frequency determination. J. Circuits, Syst. Comput. (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bedrosian, E.: A product theorem for hilbert transforms. Technical report, United States Air Force (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Xu, Y., Yan, D.: The Bedrosian identity for the Hilbert transform of product functions. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 134, 2719–2728 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Huang, N.E., Wu, Z., Long, S.R., Arnold, K.C., Chen, X., Blank, K.: On instantaneous frequency. Adv. Adapt. Data Anal. 1, 177–229 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. Bedrosian, E., Nuttall, A.H.: On the quadrature approximation to the Hilbert transform of modulated signals. Proc. IEEE 54, 1458–1459 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Szalai, J., Mozes, F.E.: An improved AM-FM decomposition method for computing the instantaneous frequency of non-stationary signals. In: Proceedings of the 2nd IFAC Workshop on Convergence of Information Technologies and Control Methods with Power Systems, pp. 75–79, May 2013

    Google Scholar 

  26. Tseng, Y.L., Ko, P.Y., Jaw, F.S.: Detection of the third and fourth heart sounds using Hilbert-Huang transform. BioMed. Eng. OnLine 11, 8 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Szalai, J., Mozes, F.E.: T-Wave Detection Using the Empirical Mode Decomposition. Scientific Bulletin of “Petru Maior” University of Tirgu-Mures, 11, 53–56 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Taouli, B.-R.F., S A.: Detection of QRS complexes in ECG signals based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Goldberger, A.L., Amaral, L.A.N., Glass, L., Hausdorff, J.M., Ivanov, P.C., Mark, R.G., Mietus, J.E., Moody, G.B., Peng, C.K., Stanley, H.E.: PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet: Components of a New Research Resource for Complex Physiologic Signals. Circulation, 101, e215–e220, circulation Electronic Pages: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/101/23/e215. (2000) PMID:1085218; doi:10.1161/01.CIR.101.23.e215

  30. Sadhukhan, D., Mitra, M.: ECG noise reduction using Fourier coefficient suppression. In: International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Energy and Communication, pp. 142–146 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Martinez, J.P., Almeida, R., Olmos, S., Rocha, A.P., Laguna, P.: A wavelet-based ECG delineator: evaluation on standard databases. IEEE Trans. Bio-med. Eng. 51, 570–581 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Huang, Z., Chen, Y., Pan, M.: Time-frequency characterization of atrial fibrillation from surface ECG based on Hilbert-Huang transform. J. Med. Eng. Technol. 31, 381–389 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Anas, E.M.A., Lee, S.Y., Hasan, M.K.: Exploiting correlation of ECG with certain EMD functions for discrimination of ventricular fibrillation. Comput. Biol. Med. 41, 110–114 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Chouvarda, I., Maglaveras, N., Boufidou, A., Mohlas, S., Louridas, G.: Wigner-Ville analysis and classification of electrocardiograms during thrombolysis. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 41, 609–617 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Zhu, Y., Shayan, A., Zhang, W., Chen, T.L., Jung, T.-P., Duann, J.-R., Makeig, S., Cheng, C.-K.: Analyzing high-density ECG signals using ICA. IEEE Trans. Bio-med. Eng. 55, 2528–2537 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Martis, R.J., Acharya, U.R., Mandana, K.M., Ray, A.K., Chakraborty, C.: Application of principal component analysis to ECG signals for automated diagnosis of cardiac health. Expert Syst. Appl. 39, 11792–11800 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Park, J., Pedrycz, W., Jeon, M.: Ischemia episode detection in ECG using kernel density estimation, support vector machine and feature selection. Biomed. Eng. Online 11, 30 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Bakul, G., Tiwary, U.S.: Automated risk identification of myocardial infarction using Relative Frequency Band Coefficient (RFBC) features from ECG. Open Biomed. Eng. J. 4, 217–222 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Tseng, T.-E., Peng, C.-Y., Chang, M.-W., Yen, J.-Y., Lee, C.-K., Huang, T.-S.: Novel approach to fuzzy-wavelet ECG signal analysis for a mobile device. J. Med. Syst. 71–81 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Bezdek, J.C., Ehrlich, R., Full, W.: FCM: the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. Comput. Geosci. 10, 191–203 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Iber, C., Ancoli-Israel, S., Chesson, A., Quan, F.: The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specification. American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Rechtschaffen, A., Kales, A.: A Manual Of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring Systems for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects. Washington DC Public Health Service (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ronzhina, M., Janousek, O., Kolarova, J., Novakova, J., Honzik, P., Provaznik, I.: Sleep scoring using artificial neural networks. Sleep Med. Rev. 16, 251–263 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Flexer, A., Gruber, G., Dorffner, G.: A reliable probabilistic sleep stager based on a single EEG signal. Artif. Intell. Med. 33, 199–207 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Berthomier, C., Drouot, X., Herman-Stoica, M., Berthomier, P., Prado, J., Bokar-Thire, D., Benoit, O., Mattout, J., D’ortho, M.P.: Automatic analysis of single-channel sleep EEG: validation in healthy individuals. Sleep 30, 1587–1595 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Hsu, Y.L., Yang, Y.T., Wang, J.S., Hsu, C.Y.: Automatic sleep stage recurrent neural classifier using energy features of EEG signals. Neurocomputing 104, 105–114 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Liang, S.F., Kuo, C.E., Hu, Y.H., Pan, Y.H., Wang, Y.H.: Automatic stage scoring of single-channel sleep EEG by using multiscale entropy and autoregressive models. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 61, 1649–1657 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Fraiwan, L., Lweesy, K., Khasawneh, N., Wenz, H., Dickhaus, H.: Automated sleep stage identification system based on time-frequency analysis of a single EEG channel and random forest classifier. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 108, 10–19 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Jo, H.G., Park, J.Y., Lee, C.K., An, S.K., Yoo, S.K.: Genetic fuzzy classifier for sleep stage identification. Comput. Biol. Med. 40, 629–634 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Sukhorukova, N., et al.: Automatic sleep stage identification: difficulties and possible solutions. In: Proceedings of the 4th Australasian Workshop on Health Informatics and Knowledge Management, pp. 39–44 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Kerkeni, N., Alexandre, F., Bedoui, M.H., Bougrain, L., Dogui, M.: (2005) Neuronal spectral analysis of EEG and expert knowledge integration for automatic classification of sleep stages. CoRR. arXiv:0510083

  52. Ebrahimi, F., Mikaeili, M., Estrada, E., Nazeran, H.: Automatic sleep stage classification based on EEG signals by using neural networks and wavelet packet coefficients. In: Conference Proceedings: … Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2008, pp. 1151–1154 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Wang, Y.S., Ma, Q.H., Zhu, Q., Liu, X.T., Zhao, L.H.: An intelligent approach for engine fault diagnosis based on Hilbert-Huang transform and support vector machine. Appl. Acoust. 1–9 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Boser, B.E., Guyon, I.M., Vapnik, V.N.: A training algorithm for optimal margin classifiers. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Workshop on Computational Learning Theory—COLT’92, New York, USA, pp. 144–152. ACM Press, July 1992

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to János Szalai .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Szalai, J., Mózes, F.E. (2016). Intelligent Digital Signal Processing and Feature Extraction Methods. In: Kountchev, R., Nakamatsu, K. (eds) New Approaches in Intelligent Image Analysis. Intelligent Systems Reference Library, vol 108. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32192-9_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32192-9_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-32190-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-32192-9

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics