Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hydraulic Fracturing and Its Potential Impact on Shallow Groundwater

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Emerging Issues in Groundwater Resources

Part of the book series: Advances in Water Security ((AWS))

  • 1332 Accesses

Abstract

Unconventional natural gas extraction from impermeable geologic formations is getting momentum in recent years due to advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. By 2040, shale resources are projected to account for 53 % of all natural gas production in the U.S. However, the development of unconventional oil/gas production from hydraulic fracturing has raised serious concerns about its potential impact on the quantity and quality of water resources and the environment due to the large volume of water needed and the use of toxic substances in hydraulic fracturing fluids. This paper gives an overview of the hydraulic fracturing used to extract shale gas, its potential impact on water resources, provides an overview of modeling studies and tools used to assess its potential impacts, and regulation issues related to it. The most significant risks resulting from hydraulic fracturing and shale gas development are (1) the excessive withdrawal of water, (2) gas migration and groundwater contamination due to faulty well construction, blowouts, (3) contamination by wastewater disposal, and (4) accidental leaks and spill of wastewater and chemicals used during drilling and hydraulic fracturing process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Amer A, Chinellato F, Collins S, Denichou JM, Dubourg I, Griffiths R, Koepsell R, Lyngra S, Marza P, Roberts IB (2013) Structural steering—a path to productivity. Oilfield Rev 25(1):14–31

    Google Scholar 

  • API (American Petroleum Institute) (2009a) Environmental protection for onshore oil and gas production operations and leases. API recommended practice 51R, 1st edn. American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC. http://www.api.org/~/media/files/policy/exploration/api_rp_51r.pdf. Accessed 22 Feb 2015

  • API (American Petroleum Institute) (2009b) Hydraulic fracturing operations—well construction and integrity guidelines. API guidance document HF1. American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Arthur JD, Bohm B, Coughlin BJ, Layne M (2008) Evaluating the environmental implications of hydraulic fracturing in shale gas reservoirs. ALL consulting. http://www.all-llc.com/publicdownloads/ArthurHydrFracPaperFINAL.pdf. Accessed 22 Feb 2015

  • Barker JF, Fritz P (1981) Carbon isotope fractionation during microbial methane oxidation. Nature 293:289–291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bellabarba M, Bulte-Loyer H, Froelich B, Le Roy-Delage S, Kujik R, Zerouy S, Guillot D, Meroni N, Pastor S, Zanchi A (2008) Ensuring zonal isolation beyond the life of the well. Oilfield Review 20(1):18–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Berman A (2009) Lessons from the Barnett Shale suggest caution in other shale plays. World Oil 230(8)

    Google Scholar 

  • Birdsell DT, Rajaram H, Dempsey D, Viswanthan HS (2015) Hydraulic fracturing fluid migration in the subsurface: a review and expanded modeling results. Water Resour Res 51:7159–7188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breen KJ, Revesz K, Baldassare FJ, McAuley SD (2007) Natural gases in ground water near Tioga Junction, Tioga County, north-central Pennsylvania—Occurrence and use of isotopes to determine origins. Scientific Investigations Report Series 2007-5085. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant J, Welton T, Haggstrom J (2010) Will flowback or produced water do? http://www.halliburton.com/public/pe/contents/Papers_and_Articles/web/A_through_P/0910HEP_Sand_HAL.PDF. Accessed 22 Feb 2015

  • Cai Z, Ofterdinger U (2014) Numerical assessment of potential impacts of hydraulically fractured Bowland Shale on overlying aquifers. Water Resour Res 50(7):6236–6259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carter RH, Holditch SA, Wolhart SL (1996) Results of a 1995 hydraulic fracturing survey and a comparison of 1995 and 1990 industry practices. Society of Petroleum Engineers Annual Technical Conference, Denver, CO

    Google Scholar 

  • Chesapeake Energy (2009) Barnett Shale—natural gas production. http://www.askchesapeake.com/Barnett-Shale/Production/Pages/information.aspx

  • Clark CE, Veil JA (2009) Produced Water Volumes and Management Practices in the United States. United States Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory ANL/EVS/R-09/1

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke CR (2012) Police: spill at gas well site may have been vandalism. http://www.sungazette.com/page/content.detail/id/573278/Police--Spill-at-gas-well-site-may-have-been-vandalism.html?nav=5176. Accessed 22 Feb 2015

  • Cohen HA, Parratt T, Andrews CB (2013) Potential contaminant pathways from hydraulically fractured shale to aquifers. Ground Water 51(3):317–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooley H, Donnelly K (2014) Hydraulic fracturing and water resources: what do we know and need to know? In: Gleick et al (ed) The World’s water volume 8: the biennial report on freshwater resources, p 63–81. Accessed 22 Feb 2015

    Google Scholar 

  • Darrah TH, Vengosha A, Jacksona RB, Warnera NR, Poredae RJ (2014) Noble gases identify the mechanisms of fugitive gas contamination in drinking-water wells overlying the Marcellus and Barnett Shales. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111(39):14076–14081

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiGiulio DC, Wilkin RT, Miller C, Oberly G (2011) DRAFT: investigation of ground water contamination near Pavillion, Wyoming. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Ada, Oklahoma

    Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson EC, Alam W, Begum N (2013) Hydraulic fracturing explained: evaluation, implementation and challenges. Gulf Publishing Company, Texas

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrer I, Thurman EM (2015) Chemical constituents and analytical approaches for hydraulic fracturing waters. Trends Environ Analytic Chem 5:18–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finkel ML, Hays J, Law A (2013) Modern natural gas development and harm to health: the need for proactive public health policies. ISRN Public Health 2013:5. doi:10.1155/2013/408658

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flemisch B, Darcis M, Erbertseder K, Faigle B, Mosthaf K, Müthing S, Nuske P, Tatomir A, Wolf M, Helmig R (2011) DuMux: DUNE for multi-phase, component, scale, physics, flow and transport in porous media. Adv Water Resour 34(9):1102–1112. doi:10.1016/j.advwatres.2011.03.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman CM (2010) Study of flow regimes in multiply-fractured horizontal wells in tight gas and shale gas reservoir systems. MS Thesis. Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman CM, Moridis GJ, Blasingame TA (2011) A numerical study of microscale flow behavior in tight gas and shale gas reservoir systems. Transport Porous Med 90(1):253–268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman CM, Moridis GJ, Michael GE, Blasingame TA (2012) Measurement, modeling, and diagnostics of flowing gas composition changes in shale gas wells. SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, Mexico City, Mexico

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman CM, Moridis GJ, Ilk D, Blasingame TA (2013) A numerical study of performance for tight gas and shale gas reservoir systems. J Petrol Sci Eng 108:22–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freyman M (2014) Hydraulic fracturing & water stress: water demand by the numbers—shareholder, Lender & Operator Guide to Water Sourcing, Ceres. http://www.ceres.org/resources/reports/hydraulic-fracturing-water-stress-water-demand-by-the-numbers. Accessed 28 Nov 2014

  • Gassiat C, Gleeson T, Lefebvre R, McKenzie J (2013) Hydraulic fracturing in faulted sedimentary basins: numerical simulation of potential contamination of shallow aquifers over long time scales. Water Resour Res 49:8310–8327. doi:10.1002/2013WR014287

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godsey WE (2011) Fresh, brackish, or saline water for hydraulic fracs: what are the options? EPA’s Hydraulic Fracturing Technical Workshop 4. Washington, DC 2011

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorody AW (2012) Factors affecting the variability of stray gas concentration and composition in groundwater. Environ Geosci 19:17–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gregory KB, Vidic RD, Dzombak DA (2011) Water management challenges associated with the production of shale gas by hydraulic fracturing. Elements 7:181–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gross SA, Avens HJ, Banducci AM, Sahmel J, Panko JM, Tvermoes BE (2013) Analysis of BTEX groundwater concentrations from surface spills associated with hydraulic fracturing operations. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 63(4):424–432

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GWPC (Ground Water Protection Council) & ALL Consulting (2009) Modern shale gas development in the US: A primer. Contract DE-FG26-04NT15455. Washington, DC: US Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy and National Energy Technology Laboratory. www.netl.doe.gov/File%20Library/Research/Oil-Gas/Shale_Gas_Primer_2009.pdf. Accessed 27 Feb 2014

  • Hall KB (2014) Recent developments in hydraulic fracturing regulation and litigation. Journal Articles. Paper 129. http://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/faculty_scholarship/129

  • Harbaugh AW, Banta ER, Hill MC, McDonald MG (2000). Modflow-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model—User guide to modularization, concepts and the ground-water flow process. Open-File Report 00-92. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia

    Google Scholar 

  • Holloway MD, Rudd O (2013) Fracking: the operations and environmental consequences of hydraulic fracturing, Scrivener Publishing LLC

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes J, Sanford W (2005) SUTRA-MS a version of SUTRA modified to simulate heat and multiple-solute transport, Report, 141 pp, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open-File Rep. 2004-1207, Reston, Virginia

    Google Scholar 

  • International Energy Agency (IEA) (2012) Golden rules for a golden age of gas. World Energy Outlook Report—Special Report on Unconventional Gas; IEA: Paris, 2012

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson RB, Vengosh A, Darrah TH, Warner NR, Down A, Poreda RJ, Osborn SG, Zhao K, Karr JD (2013) Increased stray gas abundance in a subset of drinking water wells near Marcellus shale gas extraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(28):11250–11255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kargbo DM, Wilhelm RG, Campbell DJ (2010) Natural gas plays in the Marcellus Shale: challenges and potential opportunities. Environ Sci Technol 44(15):5679–5684

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kellman S, Schneider K (2010) Water demand is flash point in Dakota oil boom. Circle of Blue Waternews. http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2010/world/scarce-water-is-no-limit-yet-to-north-dakota-oil-shale-boom/. Accessed 5 Jan 2015

  • Kim J, Moridis GJ (2012a) Gas flow tightly coupled to elastoplastic geomechanics for tight and shale gas reservoirs: material failure and enhanced permeability. In: SPE Unconventional Resources Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, spe 155640

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim J, Moridis GJ (2012b) Numerical geomechanical analyses on hydraulic fracturing in TightGas and shale gas reservoirs. Presented at 2012 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim J, Moridis GJ (2012c) Numerical studies for naturally fractured shale gas reservoirs: coupled flow and geomechanics in multiple porosity/permeability materials, 46th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium, Chicago, Illinois, 24–27 June 2012

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim J, Moridis GJ (2013) Development of the T+M coupled flow–geomechanical simulator to describe fracture propagation and coupled flow–thermal–geomechanical processes in tight/shale gas systems. Comput Geosci 60:184–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kissinger A, Helmig R, Ebigbo A, Class H, Lange T, Sauter M, Heitfeld M, Klünker J, Jahnke W (2013) Hydraulic fracturing in unconventional gas reservoirs: risks in the geological system, part 2. Modelling the transport of fracturing fluids, brine and methane. Environ Earth Sci 70:3855–3873. doi:10.1007/s12665-013-2578-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lake LW, Martin J, Ramsey JD, Titman S (2013) A primer on the economics of shale gas production just how cheap is shale gas? J Appl Corp Finance 25(4):87–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lester Y, Ferrer I, Thurman EM, Sitterley KA, Korak JA, Aiken G, Linden KG (2015) Characterization of hydraulic fracturing flowback water in Colorado: implications for water treatment. Sci Total Environ 512–513:637–644

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Litovitz A, Curtright A, Abramzon S, Burger N, Samaras C (2013) Estimation of regional air-quality damages from Marcellus Shale natural gas extraction in Pennsylvania. Environ Res Lett 8:014017. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Llewellyn GT, Dorman F, Westland JL, Yoxtheimer D, Grieve P, Sowers T, Humston-Fulmer E, Brantley SL (2015) Evaluating a groundwater supply contamination incident attributed to Marcellus Shale gas development. PANAS 112(20):6325–6330

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin T, Valkó P (2007) Hydraulic fracture design for production enhancement. In: Economides MJ, Martin T (eds) Modern fracturing: enhancing natural gas production. ET Publishing, Houston, TX, p 95

    Google Scholar 

  • Metzger M (2011) Hydrofracturing and the environment. Water Qual Prod 16(11):14–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Molofsky LJ, Connor JA, Wylie AS, Wagner T, Farhat SK (2013) Evaluation of methane sources in groundwater in Northeastern Pennsylvania. Ground Water 51(3):333–349

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moridis GJ, Freeman CM (2012) The RGasH2OCont module of the TOUGH+ code for simulation of coupled fluid and heat flow, and contaminant transport, in tight/shale gas systems. In preparation for journal submission. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California

    Google Scholar 

  • Moridis F, Webb F (2014) The RealGas and RealGasH2O options of the TOUGH+ code for the simulation of coupled fluid and heat flow in tight/shale gas systems. Comput Geosci 65:56–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moridis GJ, Blasingame T, Freeman CM (2010) Analysis of mechanisms of flow in fractured tight-gas and shale-gas reservoirs. SPE paper 139250 presented at the SPE Latin American & Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, 1–3 December, Lima, Peru

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers T (2012) Potential contaminant pathways from hydraulically fractured shale to aquifers. Ground Water 50(6):872–882

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • National Research Council (2010) Management and effects of coalbed methane produced water in the western US. National Academies Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicot JP, Scanlon BR, Reedy RC, Costley RA (2014) Source and fate of hydraulic fracturing water in the barnett shale: a historical perspective. Environ Sci Technol 48(4):2464–2471. doi:10.1021/es404050r

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nolan BT, Hitt KJ (2006) Vulnerability of shallow groundwater and drinking-water wells to nitrate in the United States. Environ Sci Technol 40:7834–7840

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NYSDEC (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation) (2011) Supplemental generic environmental impact statement on the oil, gas and solution mining regulatory program (revised draft). Well permit issuance for horizontal drilling and high-volume hydraulic fracturing to develop the Marcellus Shale and other low-permeability gas reservoirs. Albany, NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. ftp://ftp.dec.state.ny.us/dmn/download/OGdSGEISFull.pdf. Accessed 27 Feb 2014

  • Oil and Gas Investor (2005) Tight Gas (special supplement). Houston, TX: Oil and Gas Investor/Hart Energy Publishing LP. Retrieved August 9, 2010, from http://www.oilandgasinvestor.com/pdf/Tight%20Gas.pdf

  • Olorode OM (2011) Numerical modeling of fractured shale-gas and tight-gas reservoirs using unstructured grids. MS Degree. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX

    Google Scholar 

  • Osborn SG, Vengosh A, Warner NR, Jackson RB (2011) Methane contamination of drinking water accompanying gas-well drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108(20):8172–8176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palisch TT, Vincent MC, Handren PJ (2008) Slickwater fracturing—food for thought. Society of Petroleum Engineers Annual Technical Conference, Denver, CO, 21–24 September 2008

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickett A (2009) New solutions emerging to treat and recycle water used in hydraulic fracs 2009

    Google Scholar 

  • Prouty JL (2001) Tight gas in the spotlight. Gas Technol Institute GasTIPS 7(2):4–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahm D (2011) Regulating hydraulic fracturing in shale gas plays: the case of Texas. Energy Policy 39(5):2974–2981

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rahm BG, Riha SJ (2012) Toward strategic management of shale gas development: regional, collective impacts on water resources. Environ Sci Policy 17:12–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ratner M, Tiemann M (2014) An overview of unconventional oil and natural gas: resources and federal actions. Congressional Research Service

    Google Scholar 

  • Reppert J (2011) Collision spills fracking fluid on state route. http://www.sungazette.com/page/content.detail/id/572658/Collision-spills-fracking-fluid-on-state-route.html?nav=5011. Accessed 7 Nov 2014

  • Rogers RE, Ramurthy M, Rodvelt G, Mullen M (2007) Coalbed methane: principles and practices. 3rd edn. Oktibbeha Publishing Co, Starkville, MS. http://www.halliburton.com/public/pe/contents/Books_and_Catalogs/web/CBM/CBM_Book_Intro.pdf. Accessed 27 Feb 2014

  • Rowan TM (2009). Spurring the Devonian: methods of fracturing the lower Huron in southern West Virginia and eastern Kentucky. Society for Petroleum Engineers Eastern Regional Meeting, Charleston, WV, 23–25 September 2009

    Google Scholar 

  • Rozell DJ, Reaven SJ (2012) Water pollution risk associated with natural gas extraction from the Marcellus Shale. Risk Anal 32:1382–1393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruszka J (2007) Global challenges drive multilateral drilling. E&P. http://www.epmag.com/archives/features/583.htm. Accessed 27 Feb 2014

  • Saiers J, Barth E (2012) Potential contaminant pathways from hydraulically fractured shale aquifers. Ground Water 50(6):826–828

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakmar SL (2011) The global shale gas initiative: will the United States be the role model for the development of shale gas around the world? Houst J Int Law 33:369–417

    Google Scholar 

  • Smrecak TA, Marcellus Shale Team PRI (2012) Understanding drilling technology. Marcellus Shale 6:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephens DB (2014) Analysis of the groundwater monitoring controversy at the Pavillion, Wyoming Natural Gas Field. Ground Water 53(1):29–37. doi:10.1111/gwat.12272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stringfellow WT, Domen JK, Camarillo MK, Sandelin WL, Borglin S (2014) Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of compounds used in hydraulic fracturing. J Hazard Mater 275:37–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Therrien R, Sudicky EA (1996) Three-dimensional analysis of variably-saturated flow and solute transport in discretely-fractured porous media. J Contam Hydrol 23(1–2):1–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Therrien R, McLaren RG, Sudicky EA, Panday SM (2004) HydroSphere: a three-dimensional numerical model describing fully integrated subsurface and surface flow and solute transport, University of Waterloo

    Google Scholar 

  • Tintera J (2008) The regulatory framework of saltwater disposal 2008. Fort Worth Business Press Barnett Shale Symposium, Fort Worth, TX, 29 Feb 2008

    Google Scholar 

  • USEIA (US Energy Information Administration) (2010) Annual energy outlook 2011: early release overview. US Department of Energy, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • USEIA (2013) Technically recoverable shale oil and shale gas resources: an assessment of 137 shale formations in 41 countries outside the United States

    Google Scholar 

  • USEIA (2014) Annual Energy Outlook 2014, U.S. Energy Information Administration

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) (1987) Report to congress, management of wastes from the exploration, development, and production of crude oil, natural gas, and geothermal energy, volume 1 of 3, oil and gas. Washington, DC: EPA

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) (2004) Evaluation of impacts to underground sources of drinking water by hydraulic fracturing of coalbed methane reservoirs. No. EPA/816/R-04/003. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water. http://water.epa.gov/type/groundwater/uic/class2/hydraulicfracturing/wells_coalbedmethanestudy.cfm. Accessed 27 Feb 2014

  • USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) (2011a) Plan to study the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. November 2011

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) (2011b) Investigation of ground water contamination near Pavillion, Wyoming Draft. Office of Research and Development. http://www.epa.gov/region8/superfund/wy/pavillion/EPA_ReportOnPavillion_Dec-8-2011.pdf

  • USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) (2012) Investigation of ground water contamination near Pavillion, Wyoming, Phase V Sampling Event: Summary of Methods and Results. Denver, CO: US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8. http://www.epa.gov/region8/superfund/wy/pavillion/phase5/PavillionSeptember2012Narrative.pdf

  • USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) (2015a) Study of the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources: progress report. In: McBroom (ed) The effects of induced hydraulic fracturing on the environment, CRC Press

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) (2015b) Review of state and industry spill data: characterization of hydraulic fracturing-related spills [EPA Report]. (EPA/601/R-14/001). Washington, D.C.: Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) (2015c) Review of well operator files for hydraulically fractured oil and gas production wells: Well design and construction [EPA Report]. (EPA/601/R-14/002). Washington, D.C.: Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

    Google Scholar 

  • Vann A, Murrill BJ, Tiemann M (2013) Hydraulic fracturing: selected legal issues. Congressional Research Service, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Veil JA (2010) Water management technologies used by Marcellus Shale Gas Producers. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory. http://www.marcellus.psu.edu/resources/PDFs/argonnelab.pdf. Accessed 28 Nov 2014

  • Veil JA, Puder MG, Elcock D, Redweik RJ (2004) A white paper describing produced water from production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal bed methane. Prepared for the US Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL

    Google Scholar 

  • Vidic RD, Brantley SL, Vandenbossche JM, Yoxtheimer D, Abad JD (2013) Impact of Shale gas development on regional water quality. Science 340:1235009. doi:10.1126/science.1235009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winter TC, Harvey JW, Franke QL, Alley WM (1998) Ground water and surface water: a single resource. US Geological Survey Circular 1139

    Google Scholar 

  • White Paper, US shale gas—an unconventional resource, unconventional challenge. Halliburton; 2008

    Google Scholar 

  • Zoback M, Kitaseib S, Copithornec B (2010) Addressing the environmental risks from shale gas development, Briefing Paper 1, Worldwatch institute

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agriculture and Human Sciences, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, 77446, USA

    Ripendra Awal & Ali Fares

Authors
  1. Ripendra Awal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ali Fares
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ripendra Awal .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Prairie View A&M University, College of Agriculture and Human Sciences, Prairie View, Texas, USA

    Ali Fares

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Awal, R., Fares, A. (2016). Hydraulic Fracturing and Its Potential Impact on Shallow Groundwater. In: Fares, A. (eds) Emerging Issues in Groundwater Resources. Advances in Water Security. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32008-3_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation