Abstract
The book’s conclusions summarise the major findings, discuss the transferability of the study’s analytical framework to other policy contexts, and provide an outlook. The study develops recommendations for a rational bioenergy policy, which strives for efficiency and sustainability under constraints imposed by interacting market failures and government failures, while acknowledging the likely non-optimality of outcomes. This approach highlights the necessity of identifying solutions for a rational handling of uncertainty in policy making; moreover, in order to ensure the practical relevance of recommendations, political feasibility considerations have to be taken into account. Parallels between the German bioenergy policy mix and bioenergy policies of other EU and non-EU countries ensure the relevance of case study results for other institutional contexts. Furthermore, with adjustments, the analytical framework can be transferred to other problems of environmental policy making where multiple market failures meet multiple risks of government failures, and uncertainties associated with the environmental costs and benefits of measures are high, such as the emerging field of bioeconomy policy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
One reason for this is the primarily interdisciplinary nature of existing studies which undertake comprehensive efforts to develop recommendations for bioenergy policy, where a discussion of theoretical considerations is not in the focus.
References
Bennear L, Stavins R (2007) Second-best theory and the use of multiple policy instruments. Environ Resour Econ 37(1):111–129
COM (2012) Innovating for sustainable growth. A bioeconomy for Europe. European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Brussels
del Río P, Cerdá E (2014) The policy implications of the different interpretations of the cost-effectiveness of renewable electricity support. Energy Policy 64:364–372
Dieckhoff P, El-Cichakli B, Patermann C (2015) Bioeconomy policy synopsis and analysis of strategies in the G7. A report from the German Bioeconomy Council. Bioökonomierat, Berlin
Energy DG (2015) National biomass action plans. Directorate-General for Energy, Brussels, http://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/national_information.zip. Accessed 20 Feb 2015
Fischer C, Newell RG (2008) Environmental and technology policies for climate mitigation. J Environ Econ Manage 55(2):142–162
Foxon TJ, Gross R, Chase A, Howes J, Arnall A, Anderson D (2005) UK innovation systems for new and renewable energy technologies: drivers, barriers and systems failures. Energy Policy 33(16):2123–2137
Frondel M, Peters J (2007) Biodiesel: a new Oildorado? Energy Policy 35(3):1675–1684
Frondel M, Schmidt CM (2006) Emissionshandel und Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz: Eine notwendige Koexistenz? RWI: Positionen 10/2006. Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (RWI), Essen
Frondel M, Ritter N, Schmidt CM, Vance C (2010) Economic impacts from the promotion of renewable energy technologies: the German experience. Energy Policy 38(8):4048–4056
Gawel E, Strunz S, Lehmann P (2014) A public choice view on the climate and energy policy mix in the EU – how do emissions trading scheme and support for renewable energies interact? Energy Policy 64:175–182
Hayek F (1945) The use of knowledge in society. Am Econ Rev 35(4):519–530
Hayek FA (1945/2005) The road to serfdom. The condensed version as it appeared in the April 1945 edition of Reader’s Digest. The Institute of Economic Affairs, London
Jaffe AB, Newell RG, Stavins RN (2005) A tale of two market failures: technology and environmental policy. Ecol Econ 54(2–3):164–174
Kalkuhl M, Edenhofer O, Lessmann K (2012) Learning or lock-in: optimal technology policies to support mitigation. Resour Energy Econ 34(1):1–23
Kemfert C, Diekmann J (2009) Förderung erneuerbarer Energien und Emissionshandel – wir brauchen beides. Wochenbericht DIW Berlin 2009(11):169–174
Klepper G (2010) Integration der Bioenergie in ein nachhaltiges Energiekonzept: Schlussfolgerungen aus dem NaRoLaProjekt. In: Presentation held at Abschlussworkshop des NaRoLa-Projekts: Nachwachsende Rohstoffe und Landnutzung: Integration der Bioenergie in ein nachhaltiges Energiekonzept, Berlin, 11 Mar 2010
Kopmann A, Kretschmer B, Lange M (2009) Effiziente Nutzung von Biomasse durch einen globalen Kohlenstoffpreis. Empfehlungen für eine koordinierte Bioenergiepolitik. Kiel Policy Brief Nr. 14. Institut für Weltwirtschaft Kiel (IfW), Kiel
Lehmann P (2010) Using a policy mix to combat climate change – an economic evaluation of policies in the German electricity sector. PhD Dissertation 04/2010. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig
Lehmann P (2013) Supplementing an emissions tax by a feed-in tariff for renewable electricity to address learning spillovers. Energy Policy 61:635–641
Lehmann P, Gawel E (2013) Why should support schemes for renewable electricity complement the EU emissions trading scheme? Energy Policy 52:597–607
Lehmann P, Creutzig F, Ehlers M-H, Friedrichsen N, Heuson C, Hirth L et al (2012) Carbon lock-out: advancing renewable energy policy in Europe. Energies 5(2):323–354
Matthes FC (2010) Greenhouse gas emissions trading and complementary policies. Developing a smart mix for ambitious climate policies. Report commissioned by German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. Öko-Institut, Berlin
Oei P-Y, Kemfert C, Reitz F, von Hirschhausen C (2014) Kohleverstromung gefährdet Klimaschutzziele: Der Handlungsbedarf ist hoch. DIW-Wochenbericht 2014(26):603–612
Purkus A, Röder M, Gawel E, Thrän D, Thornley P (2015) Handling uncertainty in bioenergy policy design – a case study analysis of UK and German bioelectricity policy instruments. Biomass Bioenergy 79:64–79
RES LEGAL (2015) Legal sources on renewable energy: renewable energy policy database. An initiative of the European commission. Eclareon, Berlin. http://www.res-legal.eu/. Accessed 14 May 2015
Scheftelowitz M, Thrän D, Beil M, Peters W, Deumelandt P, Daniel-Gromke J et al (2014) Vorbereitung und Begleitung der Erstellung des Erfahrungsberichts 2014 gemäß § 65 EEG im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie. Vorhaben IIa: Stromerzeugung aus Biomasse. Zwischenbericht. Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum (DBFZ)/Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung – UFZ/Bosch & Partner/Privates Institut für Nachhaltige Landbewirtschaftung (INL)/Fraunhofer-Institut für Windenergie und Energiesystemtechnik (IWES), Leipzig/Berlin/Halle/Kassel
Sijm J, Lehmann P, Gawel E, Chewpreecha U, Pollit H, Strunz S (2014) EU climate and energy policy in 2030: how many targets and instruments are necessary? UFZ Discussion Papers 3/2014. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig
Sinn H-W (2008) Das grüne Paradoxon – Plädoyer für eine illusionsfreie Klimapolitik. Econ, Berlin
SRU (2007) Climate change mitigation by biomass. Special report. German Advisory Council on the Environment (SRU), Berlin
WBA (2007) Nutzung von Biomasse zur Energiegewinnung – Empfehlungen an die Politik. Wissenschaftlicher Beirat Agrarpolitik beim Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz (WBA), Berlin
WBGU (2008) Future bioenergy and sustainable land use. German Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU), Berlin
Weimann J (2008) Die Klimapolitik-Katastrophe. Deutschland im Dunkel der Energiesparlampe. Metropolis, Marburg
Weimann J (2009) Königswege und Sackgassen der Klimapolitik. In: Beckenbach F, Leipert C, Meran G, Nutzinger HG, Weimann J, Witt U (eds) Diskurs Klimapolitik. Jahrbuch Ökologische Ökonomik Band 6. Metropolis, Marburg, pp 213–237
Winkel T, Ragwitz M, Resch G, Konstantinaviciute I, Rathmann M, Panzer C et al (2011) Renewable energy policy country profiles. 2011 version. Based on policy information available in November 2011. Prepared within the Intelligent Energy Europe project RE-Shaping. Ecofys/Fraunhofer Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung (ISI)/Energy Economics Group, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Utrecht/Karlsruhe/Vienna/Kaunas
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Purkus, A. (2016). Conclusions. In: Concepts and Instruments for a Rational Bioenergy Policy. Lecture Notes in Energy, vol 55. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31135-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31135-7_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-31134-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-31135-7
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)