Abstract
This chapter reports on our literature study in moral philosophy and psychology for choosing conceptual viewpoints close to LP-based reasoning. These viewpoints fall into three moral facets tackled in this book. First, we study moral permissibility, taking into account the Doctrines of Double Effect, Triple Effect, and Scanlonian contractualism. Second, we look into the dual-process model that stresses the interaction between deliberative and reactive processes in delivering moral decisions. Finally, we discuss the role of counterfactual thinking in moral reasoning.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aquinas, T.: Summa Theologica II-II, Q.64, art. 7, “Of Killing”. In: Baumgarth, W.P., Regan, R.J. (eds.) On Law, Morality, and Politics. Hackett, Indianapolis (1988)
Bringsjord, S., Arkoudas, K., Bello, P.: Toward a general logicist methodology for engineering ethically correct robots. IEEE Intell. Syst. 21(4), 38–44 (2006)
Collins, J., Hall, N., Paul, L.A. (eds.): Causation and Counterfactuals. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (2004)
Cushman, F., Young, L., Greene, J.D.: Multi-system moral psychology. In: Doris, J.M. (ed.) The Moral Psychology Handbook. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2010)
Dancy, J.: Ethics Without Principles. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2006)
Epstude, K., Roese, N.J.: The functional theory of counterfactual thinking. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev. 12(2), 168–192 (2008)
Evans, J.S.B.T.: Thinking Twice: Two Minds in One Brain. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2010)
Evans, J.S.B.T., Stanovich, K.E.: Dual-process theories of higher cognition: advancing the debate. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 8(3), 223–241 (2013)
Foot, P.: The problem of abortion and the doctrine of double effect. Oxf. Rev. 5, 5–15 (1967)
Greene, J.D., Nystrom, L.E., Engell, A.D., Darley, J.M., Cohen, J.D.: The neural bases of cognitive conflict and control in moral judgment. Neuron 44, 389–400 (2004)
Hauser, M.D.: Moral Minds: How Nature Designed Our Universal Sense of Right and Wrong. Little Brown, London (2007)
Hauser, M., Cushman, F., Young, L., Jin, R.K., Mikhail, J.: A dissociation between moral judgments and justifications. Mind Lang. 22(1), 1–21 (2007)
Hewings, M.: Advanced Grammar in Use with Answers: A Self-Study Reference and Practice Book for Advanced Learners of English. Cambridge University Press, New York (2013)
Hoerl, C., McCormack, T., Beck, S.R. (eds.): Understanding Counterfactuals, Understanding Causation: Issues in Philosophy and Psychology. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2011)
Kamm, F.M.: Intricate Ethics: Rights, Responsibilities, and Permissible Harm. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2006)
Kowalski, R.: Computational Logic and Human Thinking: How to be Artificially Intelligent. Cambridge University Press, New York (2011)
Mallon, R., Nichols, S.: Rules. In: Doris, J.M. (ed.) The Moral Psychology Handbook. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2010)
McCloy, R., Byrne, R.M.J.: Counterfactual thinking about controllable events. Mem. Cogn. 28, 1071–1078 (2000)
McCormack, T., Frosch, C., Burns, P.: The relationship between children’s causal and counterfactual judgements. In: Hoerl, C., McCormack, T., Beck, S.R. (eds.) Understanding Counterfactuals, Understanding Causation. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2011)
McIntyre, A.: Doctrine of double effect. In: Zalta, E.N. (ed.) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Fall 2011 edn. Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University. http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2011/entries/double-effect/ (2011)
Migliore, S., Curcio, G., Mancini, F., Cappa, S.F.: Counterfactual thinking in moral judgment: an experimental study. Front. Psychol. 5, 451 (2014)
Mikhail, J.: Universal moral grammar: theory, evidence, and the future. Trends Cogn. Sci. 11(4), 143–152 (2007)
Nagel, T.: Listening to reason. N. Y. Rev. 61(15), 47–49 (2014)
Otsuka, M.: Double effect, triple effect and the trolley problem: squaring the circle in looping cases. Utilitas 20(1), 92–110 (2008)
Powers, T.M.: Prospects for a Kantian machine. IEEE Intell. Syst. 21(4), 46–51 (2006)
Roese, N.J.: Counterfactual thinking. Psychol. Bull. 121(1), 133–148 (1997)
Scanlon, T.M.: What We Owe to Each Other. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1998)
Scanlon, T.M.: Moral Dimensions: Permissibility, Meaning, Blame. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (2008)
Scanlon, T.M.: Being Realistic About Reasons. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2014)
Stanovich, K.E.: Rationality and the Reflective Mind. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2011)
Tetlock, P.E., Visser, P.S., Singh, R., Polifroni, M., Scott, A., Elson, S.B., Mazzocco, P., Rescober, P.: People as intuitive prosecutors: the impact of social-control goals on attributions of responsibility. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 43, 195–209 (2007)
Thomson, J.J.: The trolley problem. Yale Law J. 279, 1395–1415 (1985)
Weiner, B.: Judgments of Responsibility: A Foundation for a Theory of Social Conduct. The Guilford Press, New York (1995)
Woodward, J.: Psychological studies of causal and counterfactual reasoning. In: Hoerl, C., McCormack, T., Beck, S.R. (eds.) Understanding Counterfactuals, Understanding Causation. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pereira, L.M., Saptawijaya, A. (2016). Significant Moral Facets Amenable to Logic Programming. In: Programming Machine Ethics. Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics, vol 26. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29354-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29354-7_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-29353-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-29354-7
eBook Packages: Religion and PhilosophyPhilosophy and Religion (R0)