Abstract
Intelligence is a key resource in acting effectively on problems and audiences. Whatever the business is, if it is done with added intelligence and insight, it can provide high rewards and increases in quality of product, services and decisions. Intelligence can be defined as an ability to acquire knowledge as well as having wisdom to apply knowledge and skills in the right way. It is also defined as an ability to respond quickly, flexibly and by identifying similarities in dissimilar solutions and dissimilarity in similar situations. Some mundane actions such as balancing, language understanding and perception are considered as highly intelligent activities; these actions are difficult for machines. Some complex actions by animals, on other hand, are considered as non-intelligent activities. An interesting experiment has been carried out on the wasp (an insect that is neither bee nor ant, but similar to these two), which behaves in very complicated way while searching and preserving food. The experiment is described on a website presenting reference articles to Alan Turing (http://www.alanturing.net/). According this source, a female wasp collects food, puts it near its burrow, and goes inside the burrow to check for intruders. If everything is safe, the wasp comes out and puts the food into the burrow. During the experiment, the food is moved a few inches from its original place. Instead of finding the food just a few inches away, the wasp goes in search of new food, again puts the food near the burrow and repeats the procedure. This behaviour is complex, however, non-intelligent. Besides the aforementioned mundane tasks, there are expert problem solving and scientific tasks such as theorem proving, fault finding and game playing which also come under the intelligent category.
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Akerkar, R., Sajja, P.S. (2016). Artificial Neural Network. In: Intelligent Techniques for Data Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29206-9_5
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