Artificial Neural Networks in Precipitation Nowcasting: An Australian Case Study

Abstract

Accurate prediction of precipitation is beneficial to many aspects of modern society, such as emergency planning, farming, and public weather forecasting. Prediction on the scale of several kilometres over forecast horizons of 0–6 h (nowcasting) is extrapolated from current weather conditions using radar and satellite observations. However, in Australia, the use of radar for nowcasting is challenging due to sparse radar coverage, particularly in regional areas. Satellite-based methods of precipitation estimation are therefore an appealing alternative; however, the ever-increasing spatial and temporal resolution of satellite data prompts investigation into options that can meet operational performance needs while also managing the large volume of data. In this chapter, the use of Artificial Neural Networks to nowcast precipitation in Australia is explored, and the current limitations of this technique are discussed. The Artificial Neural Network in this study is found to be capable of meeting or exceeding the performance of the industry-standard Hydro-Estimator method using a variety of Machine Learning metrics for the chosen verification scene. Further research is required to determine the optimal configuration of model parameters and generalisation of the model to different times and areas. This may assist Artificial Neural Networks to better reflect seasonal and orographic influences, and to meet operational performance benchmarks.