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Transforming Growth Factor α and β (TGF-α and TGF-β)

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Angiogenesis in Health, Disease and Malignancy

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Abstract

Transforming Growth Factor alpha (TGF-α) is a protein structurally similar to Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and a ligand for EGF-receptors, competing with Epidermal Growth Factors. It has been found in a variety of non-neoplastic and neoplastic disorders where angiogenesis is involved or contributes to part of the pathology. TGF-β signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes in the developing embryo. TGF-α is involved in various corneal diseases and is responsible for the angiogenesis and epidermal hyperplasia in psoriasis and has influence in protection and healing of gastro-intestinal lesions. TGF-β is a potent inducer or inhibitor of angiogenesis by increasing pro-angiogenic growth factors such as VEGFs or by enhancing anti-angiogenic factor productions. It has been found in focal ischemia in stroke and in Alzheimer’s disease with attenuation of beta-amyloid (Aβ), TGF-β has shown potential neuroprotective role in reducing accumulation of Aβ deposition indirectly via angiogenesis. TGF- α overexpression has been detected in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and is linked to invasive breast carcinoma. TGF-β promotes the formation of tumor microenvironment by interacting with other growth factors (PDGFs, FGFs and VEGFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and its regulatory role in hepatocyte carcinogenesis has been reported recently. The mediatory role of transforming growth factors in angiogenic signaling pathway in tumor progression or anti-tumor angiogenesis is an emerging therapeutic target.

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  1. School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia

    Ali Salajegheh

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Salajegheh, A. (2016). Transforming Growth Factor α and β (TGF-α and TGF-β). In: Angiogenesis in Health, Disease and Malignancy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28140-7_53

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