Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Assessment in Adulthood

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Assessment and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Part of the book series: Autism and Child Psychopathology Series ((ACPS))

Abstract

Although ASD is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder, considerably less emphasis has been paid to assessing, understanding, monitoring and supporting the development of individuals with ASD throughout later adolescence and adulthood. Outcomes in adulthood for many individuals with ASD are so far reported to be poor, although highly variable, while little is known about the developmental trajectory of ASD in middle and older adulthood. One important reason for assessment in adulthood is the diagnosis of ASD in previously unidentified adults. Another important aim of assessment in adulthood is the monitoring of functioning, strengths and needs of adults with existing childhood diagnoses, so as to improve individualized support. This Chapter reviews current approaches to the assessment process in adulthood and critically reflects on gaps, limitations and areas for further improvement.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2003). Manual for the ASEBA Adult Forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alim, N., Paschos, D., & Hearn, M. (2014). Principles of clinical assessment. In E. Tsakanikos & J. McCarthy (Eds.), Handbook of psychopathology in intellectual disability (pp. 23–42). New York: Springer Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allison, C., Auyeung, B., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2012). Toward brief “Red Flags” for autism screening: The short autism spectrum quotient and the short quantitative checklist for autism in toddlers in 1,000 cases and 3,000 controls. Journal of American Academy of Child and, Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(2), 202–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aman, M. G., & Singh, N. N. (1986). Aberrant behavior checklist. East Aurora, NY: Slosson Educational Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron-Cohen, S., & Wheelwright, S. (2004). The empathy quotient: An investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34(2), 163–175.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Robinson, J., & Woodbury-Smith, M. (2005). The Adult Asperger Assessment (AAA): A diagnostic method. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(6), 807–819.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Skinner, R., Martin, J., & Clubley, E. (2001). The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): Evidence from Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1), 5–17.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bastiaansen, J. A., Meffert, H., Hein, S., Huizinga, P., Ketelaars, C., et al. (2011). Diagnosing autism spectrum disorders in adults: The use of autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS) module 4. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(9), 1256–1266.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berney, T., Brugha, T., & Carpenter, P. (2011). Diagnostic interview guide for the assessment of adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Royal College of Psychiatrists. Retrieved from https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/PDF/Asperger_interview_USE_THIS_ONE.pdf.

  • Bishop-Fitzpartick, L., Minshew, N. J., & Each, S. M. (2013). A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for adults with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 687–694.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodfish, J. W., Symons, F. J., Parker, D. E., & Lewis, M. H. (2000). Varieties of repetitive behavior in autism: Comparisons to mental retardation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 237–243.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, C., & Dunn, W. (2002). Adolescent/adult sensory profile manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, L., Sherbenou, R. J., & Johnsen, S. K. (2010). The test of non-verbal intelligence, 4th edition (TONI-4). New York: Pearson Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brugha, T. S., McManus, S., Bankart, J., Scott, F., Purdon, S., et al. (2011). Epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders in adults in the community in England. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(5), 459–465.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruininks, R. H., Woodcock, R., Weatherman, R., & Hill, B. (1996). Scales of independent behavior-revised: Comprehensive manual. Chicago, IL: Riverside Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buck, T. R., Viskochil, J., Farley, M., Coon, H., McMahon, W. M., et al. (2014). Psychiatric comorbidity and medication use in adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(12), 3063–3071.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cheely, C. A., Carpenter, L. A., Letourneau, E. J., et al. (2012). The prevalence of youth with autism spectrum disorders in the criminal justice system. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(9), 1856–1862.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J. L., Leader, G., Sung, C., & Leahy, M. (in press). (early online). Trends in employment for individuals with autism spectrum disorder: a review of the research literature. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40489-014-0041-6.

  • Clarm, G. M., & Patton, J. R. (2006). The transition planning inventory-updated version (TPI-UV). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Constantino, J. N. (2012). Social responsiveness scale, second edition (SRS-2). Torrance, CA: WPS Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delis, D. C., Kaplan, E., & Kramer, J. H. (2001). The Delis-Kaplan executive functions system (D-KEFS). New York: Pearson Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deprey, L., & Ozonoff, S. (2009). Assessment of psychiatric conditions in autism spectrum disorders. In S. Goldstein, J. Naglieri, & S. Ozonoff (Eds.), Assessment of autism spectrum disorders (pp. 290–317). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donovan, J., & Zucker, C. (2010). Autism’s first child. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/10/autisms-first-child/308227/.

  • Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, D. M. (2007). The Peabody picture vocabulary test, 4th edition (PPVT-4). New York: Pearson Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, J. M., Bejeroti, S., & Andersen, L. M. J. (2014). Assessing adults with normal intelligence for ASD. In V. B. Patel, C. R. Martin, & V. R. Preedy (Eds.), Comprehensive guide to autism (pp. 369–385). New York: Springer Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, J. M., Andersen, L. M. J., & Bejerot, S. (2013). RAADS-14 screen: Validity of a screening tool for autism spectrum disorder in an adult psychiatric population. Molecular Autism, 4, 49.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Farley, M., & McMahon, B. (2014). Range of outcomes and challenges in middle and later life. In F. R. Volkmar et al. (Eds.), Adolescent and adults with autism spectrum disorders (pp. 211–238). New York: Springer Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (1996). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders, clinician version (SCID-CV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, R., Loschen, E., Stavrakaki, C., & First, M. (Eds.). (2007). Diagnostic manual-intellectual disability (DM-ID): A clinical guide for diagnosis of mental disorders in persons with intellectual disability. Kingston, NY: NADD Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillberg, C., Gillberng, C., Rastam, M., & Wentz, E. (2001). The Asperger syndrome (and high-functioning autism) diagnostic interview (ASDI): A preliminary study of a new structured clinical interview. Autism, 5(1), 57–66.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, D. A., & Berg, E. A. (1981). The Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST). Torrance, CA: WPS Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Happe, F., & Charlton, R. A. (2012). Aging in autism spectrum disorders: A mini-review. Gerontology, 58, 70–78.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, P., & Oakland, T. (2003). The adaptive behavior assessment system-second edition (ABAS-II). New York: Pearson Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henninger, N. A., & Taylor, J. L. (2012). Outcomes in adults with autism spectrum disorders: A historical perspective. Autism, 17(1), 103–116.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hofvander, B., Delorme, R., Chaste, P., Nyden, A., Wentz, E., et al. (2009). Psychiatric and psychosocial problems in adults with normal-intelligence autism spectrum disorders. BMC Psychiatry, 9, 35.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, W. W. (1993). Index of peer relations (IPR). Tallahassee, FL: WALMYR Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurley, R. S. E., Losh, M., Parlier, M., Reznick, J. S., & Piven, J. (2007). The broad autism phenotype questionnaire. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1679–1690.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ingersoll, B. R., Hopwood, C. J., Wainer, A., Donnellan, B., et al. (2011). A comparison of three self-report measures of the broader autism phenotype in a non-clinical sample. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(12), 1646–1657.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, L., Goddard, L., Hill, E. L., Henry, L. A., & Crane, L. (2014). Experiences of receiving a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: A survey of adults in the United Kingdom. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(12), 3033–3044.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi, G., Wozniak, J., Petty, C., Martelon, M. K., Fried, R., et al. (2013). Psychiatric comorbidity and functioning in a clinically referred population of adults with autism spectrum disorders: A comparative study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(6), 1314–1325.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, A. S., & Kaufman, N. L. (1993). The Kaufman adolescent and adult intelligence test (KAIT). New York: Pearson Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerns et al. (2014). http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10803-014-2141-7?noaccess=true

  • Kerns, C. M., Kendal, P. C., Zickgraf, H., et al. (2015). Not to be overshadowed or overlooked: Functional impairments associated with comorbid anxiety disorders in youth with ASD. Behavior Therapy, 46, 29–39.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kerns, C. M., & Kendall, P. C. (2013). The presentation and classification of anxiety in autism spectrum disorder. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 19(4), 323–347.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, W. C., Beltran, M., & Sowers, K. M. (1990). Validating and assessment of peer relationship problems. Journal of Social Service Research, 13, 71–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, A., & Perry, A. (2011). Outcomes in adolescents and adults with autism: A review of the literature. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5, 1271–1282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay, W. R., & Michie, A. M. (1988). Adaptatio of the Zung self-rating scale for anxiety for people with a mental handicap. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 32, 485–490.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lord, C., Rutter, M., & DiLavore, P. C. (2012). Autism diagnostic observation schedule, second edition (ADOS-2). Torrance: Western Psychological Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism diagnostic interview-revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24(5), 659–687.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lounds-Taylor, J., & Mailick Seltzer, M. (2012). Employment and post-secondary educational activities for young adults with ASD during the transition to adulthood. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(5), 566–574.

    Google Scholar 

  • LoVullo, S. V., & Matson, J. J. (2009). Comorbid psychopathology in adults with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30, 1288–1296.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lugnegard, T., Hallerback, M., & Gillberg, C. (2011). Psychiatric comorbidity in young adults with a clinical diagnosis of Asperger syndrome. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(5), 1910–1917.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maenner, M. J., Smith, L. E., Hong, J., Makuch, R., Greenberg, J., & Mailick, M. R. (2013). An evaluation of an activities of daily living scale for adolescents and adults with developmental disabilities. Disability and Health Journal, 6(1), 8–17.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Magiati, I., Tay, X. W., & Howlin, P. (2014). Cognitive, language, social and behavioural outcomes in adults with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review of longitudinal follow-up studies in adulthood. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(1), 73–86.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Magiati, I., Tsakanikos, E., & Howlin, P. (2014). Psychological and social factors. In E. Tsakanikos & J. McCarthy (Eds.), Handbook of psychopathology in intellectual disability: Research, practice, and policy (pp. 123–143). London: Springer Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L. (1995). The diagnostic assessment for the severely handicapped revised (DASH-II). Baton Rouge, LA: Disability Consultants, LLC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., Carlisle, C. B., & Bamburg, J. W. (1998). The convergent validity of the Matson evaluation of social skills for individuals with severe retardation (MESSIER). Research in Developmental Disabilities, 19(6), 493–500.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mesibov, G., John, B., Thomas, S., Chapman, M., & Schopler, E. (2007). The TEACCH transition assessment profile (TTAP) (2nd ed.). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesibov, G., Schopler, E., & Caison, W. (1989). The adolescent and adult psychoeducational profile: Assessment of adolescents and adults with severe developmental handicaps. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19(1), 33–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mohr, C., Tonge, B., Einfeld, S., & Gray, K. (2004). The developmental behaviour checklist for adults: A new contribution to the assessment of psychopathology in people with intellectual disability (ID). Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48(4–5), 319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss, S. C. (2002a). The mini PAS-ADD intervention assessment pack. Brighton: Pavilion Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss, S. C. (2002b). The PAS-ADD checklist revised. Brighton: Pavilion Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukaetova-Ladinska, E., Perry, E., Baron, M., & Povey, C. (2011). Ageing in people with autistic spectrum disorder. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27, 109–118.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE, 2012). Autism: Recognition, referral, diagnosis and management of adults on the autism spectrum. NHS Evidence. Retrieved from http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg142.

  • Nylander, L., & Gillbergs, C. (2001). Screening for autism spectrum disorders in adult psychiatric out-patients: A preliminary report. Acta Psychiatric Scandinavica, 103, 428–434.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozsivadjian, A., Knott, F., & Magiati, I. (2012). Parent and child perspectives on the nature of anxiety in children and young people with autism spectrum disorders: A focus group study. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 16(2), 107–121.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paul, R., Landa, R., & Simmons, E. (2014). Assessing and treating communication. In J. McPartland, A. Klin, & F. Volkmar (Eds.), Asperger syndrome: Assessing and treating high functioning autism spectrum disorder (2nd ed., pp. 103–142). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piven, J., & Rabins, P. (2011). Autism spectrum disorders in older adults: Toward defining a research agenda. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 59(11), 2151–2155.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramirez, S. Z., & Lukenbill, J. F. (2007). Development of the fear survey for adults with mental retardation. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 28, 225–237.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, W. M., & Baker, J. A. (1988). The self-report depression questionnaire. Arcata, CA: Humboldt State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riggio, R. E. (1989). Manual for the social skills inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritvo, R. A., Ritvo, E. R., Guthrie, D., Ritvo, M. J., Hufnagel, D. H., et al. (2011). The Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R): A scale to assist the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in adults: An international validation study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41, 1076–1089.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roid, G. H. (2003). Stanford-Binet intelligence scale, 5th edition (SB5). Riverside Publications, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roid, G. H., & Miller, L. J. (2013). The Leiter international performance scale (3rd ed.; Leiter-3). WPS Publications, US.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, E., & Oliver, C. (2003). Preliminary analysis of the psychometric properties of the mood, interest & pleasure questionnaire (MIPQ) for adults with severe and prodound learning disabilities. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 81–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Royal College of Psychiatrists (2001). dc-ld: Diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders for use with adults with learning disabilities/mental retardation (Vol. 48). Occasional Papers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sappok, T., Diefenbacher, A., Budczies, J., Schade, C., Grubish, C., et al. (2013). Diagnosing autism in a clinical sample of adults with intellectual disabilities: How useful are the ADOS and the ADI-R? Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34, 1642–1655.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sappok, T., Gaul, I., Bergmann, T., Dziobek, I., Bolte, S., et al. (2014). The diagnostic behavioral assessment for autism spectrum disorder-revised: A screening instrument for adults with intellectual disability suspected of autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8, 362–375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shattuck, P. T., Roux, A. M., Hudson, L. E., Taylor, J. L., Maenner, M. J., & Trani, J. F. (2012). Services for adults with an autism spectrum disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 57(5), 284–291.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shea, V., & Mesibov, G. B. (2009). Age-related issues in the assessment of autism spectrum disorders. In S. Goldstein, J. A. Naglieri, & S. Ozonoff (Eds.), Assessment of autism spectrum disorders (pp. 117–137). New York: The Guildford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparrow, S., Cicchetti, D., & Balla, D. (2005). Vineland adaptive behavior scales (2nd ed.). Minneapolis, MN: Pearson assessment.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szymanski, L. S. (2002). DC-LD (diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders for use with adults with learning disabilities/mental retardation). Royal College of Psychiatrists Occasional Paper OP 48, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, M., Tanaka, K., & Miyaoka, H. (2006). Reliability and validity of communication skills questionnaire (CSQ). Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 60, 211–218.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takara, K., & Kondo, T. (2014). Comorbid atypical autistic traits as a potential risk factor for suicide attempts among adult depressed patients: A case-control study. Annals of General Psychiatry, 13, 33.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tavassoli, T., Hoekstra, R. A., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2014). The sensory perception quotient (SPQ): Development and validation of a new sensory questionnaire for adults with and without autism. Molecular Autism, 5, 29.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, L., Lydon, S., & Healy, O. (2014). Employment and vocational skills among individuals with autism spectrum disorder: Predictors, impact, and interventions. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1(4), 266–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence (WASI). New York: Pearson Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (2008). Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS)—fourth edition. New York: Pearson Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wetherby, A., Diehl, S., et al. (2006). Guidelines for speech-language pathologists in diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of autism spectrum disorders across the life span. American Speech Language Hearing Association (ASHA), US.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiig, E. H., & Second, W. A. (1989). The test of language competence-expanded (TLC-expanded). New York: Pearson Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiig, E. H., Semel, E., & Second, W. A. (2013). The clinical evaluation of language fundamentals, 5th edition (CELF-5). New York: Pearson Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, K. T. (1997). Expressive vocabulary test. USA: Pearson Clinical Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, K. T. (2007). The expressive vocabulary test—second edition (EVT-2). New York: Pearson Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing, L., Leekam, S. R., Libby, S. J., Gould, J., & Larcombe, M. (2002). The diagnostic interview for social and communication disorders: Background, inter-rater reliability and clinical use. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 307–325.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, J. M., & Ventola, P. (2014). Assessment and treatment planning in adults with autism spectrum disorders. In F. R. Volkmar et al. (Eds.), Adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders (pp. 283–298). New York: Springer Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodbury-Smith, M. (2014). Editorial: ASD and illegal behaviors. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(11), 2679–2681.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Woodcock, R. W. (1991). The Woodcock language proficiency battery-revised. ACER Publications, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, S. D., Brooks, D. E., D’Astrous, V. D., & Grandin, T. (2013). The challenge and promise of autism spectrum disorders in adulthood and aging: A systematic review of the literature. Autism Insights, 5, 21–73.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore

    Iliana Magiati Ph.D., D.Clin.Psy.

Authors
  1. Iliana Magiati Ph.D., D.Clin.Psy.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Iliana Magiati Ph.D., D.Clin.Psy. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA

    Johnny L. Matson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Magiati, I. (2016). Assessment in Adulthood. In: Matson, J.L. (eds) Handbook of Assessment and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism and Child Psychopathology Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27171-2_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation