Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Preschool, Early Childhood, and Adolescence

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Assessment and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Part of the book series: Autism and Child Psychopathology Series ((ACPS))

Abstract

Consistent with diagnostic criteria, the focus of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) assessment is on identifying language delays, social skills deficits, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior. In addition, as there is a great deal of heterogeneity of features in individual children with ASD, observation and functional assessment of behavior is essential in order to link assessment and subsequent intervention. Although diagnosis of ASD is possible in children as young as 14 months of age, factors such as autistic regression and difficulty in identifying symptoms of ASD in very young children, result in most children with ASD not being diagnosed until after 3 years of age, especially those with average or above average language and cognitive abilities. Thus, the period from 3-18 years of age represents an important period for detection and diagnosis. This chapter covers evidence based assessments used for this age group.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. text rev.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Barnard-Brak, L., & Richman, D. M. (2014). Test review of the PDD behavior inventory-screening version. In J. F. Carlson, K. F. Geisinger, & J. L. Jonson (Eds.), The nineteenth mental measurements yearbook [electronic version]. Retrieved from the Burros Institute’s Mental Measurements Yearbook online database.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bastiaansen, J. A., Meffert, H., Hein, S., Huizinga, P., Ketelaars, C., Pijnenborg, M., … de Bildt, A. (2011). Diagnosing autism spectrum disorders in adults: The use of autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS) module 4. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41, 1256–1266. doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1157-x.

  • Bernabei, P., Cerquiglini, A., Cortesi, F., & D’Ardia, C. (2007). Regression versus no regression in the autistic disorder: Developmental trajectories. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 580–588. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0201-3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bischoff, L. (2001). Test review of the parents’ evaluation of developmental status. In J. F. Carlson, K. F. Geisinger, & J. L. Jonson (Eds.), The fourteenth mental measurements yearbook [electronic version]. Retrieved from the Burros Institute's Mental Measurements Yearbook online database.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blumberg, S. J., Bramlett, M. D., Kogan, M. D., Schieve, L. A., Jones, J. R., & Lu, M. C. (2013). Changes in prevalence of parent-reported autism spectrum disorders in school-aged U.S. children: 2007 to 2011–12. National Health Statistics Reports, 64, 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breidbord, J., & Croudace, T. J. (2013). Reliability generalization for Childhood autism rating scale. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 2855–2865. doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1832-9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, J. M., Ruble, L. A., & Hammond, R. K. (2014). Comprehensive developmental approach assessment model. In L. A. Wilkinson (Ed.), Autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents: Evidence-based assessment and intervention (pp. 51–73). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carey, K. (2007). Test review of the PDD behavior inventory. In K. F. Geisinger, R. A. Spies, J. F. Carlson, & B. S. Plake (Eds.), The seventeenth mental measurements yearbook [electronic version]. Retrieved from the Burros Institute’s Mental Measurements Yearbook online database.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carrington, S. J., Kent, R. G., Maljaars, J., Le Couteur, A., Gould, J., Wing, L., … Leekam, S. R. (2014). DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder: In search of essential behaviors for diagnosis. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8, 701–715. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.03.017.

  • Casey, B. J., Craddock, N., Cuthbert, B. N., Hyman, S. E., Lee, F. S., & Ressler, K. J. (2013). DSM-5 and RDoC: Progress in psychiatry research. Nature Reviews: Neuroscience, 14, 810–814. doi:10.1038/nrn3621.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years: Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2010. MMWR, 63(2), 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Autism spectrum disorder (ASD): Screening and diagnosis for healthcare providers. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/hcp-screening.html.

  • Chlebowski, C., Green, J. A., Barton, M. L., & Fein, D. (2010). Using the Childhood autism rating scale to diagnose autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 787–799. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0926-x.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, I. L., & Sudhalter, V. (2005). PDD behavior inventory. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, I. L. (2011). PDD behavior inventory-screening version. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conrood, E. E., & Stone, W. L. (2005). Screening for autism in young children. In F. R. Volkmar, R. Paul, A. Klin, & D. Cohen (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders: Vol 2. Assessment, interventions, and policy (3rd ed., pp. 707–720). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, A., Klein, K., Charman, T., Baird, G., Baron-Cohen, S., Swettenham, J., … Wheelwright, S. (1999). Autism spectrum disorders at 20 and 42 months of age: Stability of clinical and ADI-R diagnosis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 719–732. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidovitch, M., Glick, L., Holtzman, G., Tirosh, E., & Safir, M. F. (2000). Developmental regression in autism: Maternal perception. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 113–119.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, G., Munson, J., Webb, S. J., Nalty, T., Abbott, R., & Toth, K. (2007). Rate of head growth decelerates and symptoms worsen in the second year of life in autism. Biological Psychiatry, 61, 458–464. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.016.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eikeseth, S., Smith, T., Jahr, K., & Eldevik, S. (2007). Outcome for children with autism who began intensive behavioral treatment between ages 4 and 7: A comparison controlled study. Behavior Modification, 31, 264–278. doi:10.1177/0145445506291396.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ekinci, O., Arman, A. R., Melek, I., Bez, Y., & Berkem, M. (2012). The phenomenology of autistic regression: Subtypes and associated factors. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 21, 23–29. doi:10.1007/s00787-011-0228-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fairbank, D. W. (2007). Test review of the Gilliam autism rating scale, second edition. In K. F. Geisinger, R. A. Spies, J. F. Carlson, & B. S. Plake (Eds.), The seventeenth mental measurements yearbook [electronic version]. Retrieved from the Burros Institute’s Mental Measurements Yearbook online database.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falkmer, T., Anderson, K., Falkmer, M., & Horlin, C. (2013). Diagnostic procedures in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic literature review. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 22, 329–340. doi:10.1007/s00787-013-0375-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garro, A. (2007). Test review of the Gilliam autism rating scale, second edition. In K. F. Geisinger, R. A. Spies, J. F. Carlson, & B. S. Plake (Eds.), The seventeenth mental measurements yearbook [electronic version]. Retrieved from the Burros Institute’s Mental Measurements Yearbook online database.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilliam, J. E. (1995). Gilliam autism rating scale. Austin: TX. Pro-ed.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilliam, J. E. (2006). Gilliam autism rating scale (2nd ed.). Austin, TX. Pro-ed.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilliam, J. E. (2013). Gilliam autism rating scale (3rd ed.). Austin, TX. Pro-ed.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glascoe, F. P., & Robertshaw, N. S. (2013). Parents’ evaluation of developmental status. Nolensville, TN: PEDStest.com, LLC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, S., & Naglieri, J. (2010). Autism spectrum rating scales. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, K. M., Tonge, B. J., & Sweeney, D. J. (2008). Using the autism diagnostic interview-revised and the autism diagnostic observation schedule with young children with developmental delay: Evaluating diagnostic validity. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 657–667. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0432-y.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanig, K. M. (2010). Test review of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: A parent completed child monitoring system, third edition. In R. A. Spies. J. F. Carlson, & K. F. Geisinger (Eds.), The eighteenth mental measurements yearbook [electronic version]. Retrieved from the Burros Institute’s Mental Measurements Yearbook online database.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoff, K. E., Tobin, R. M. (2007). Test review of the PDD behavior inventory. In K. F. Geisinger, R. A. Spies, J. F. Carlson, & B. S. Plake (Eds.), The seventeenth mental measurements yearbook [electronic version]. Retrieved from the Burros Institute’s Mental Measurements Yearbook online database.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoshino, Y., Kaneko, M., Yashima, Y., Kumashiro, H., Volkmar, Fr., & Cohen, D. J. (1987). Clinical features of autistic children with setback course in their infancy. Japanese Journal of Psychiatry and Neurology, 41, 237–245. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1987.tb00407.x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, L. S., Little, S. G., & Akin-Little, A. (2013). The Spanish adaptation of the Gilliam autism rating scale-2: Translation and psychometric analysis. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7, 1160–1167. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2013.06.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, C. P., & Myers, S. M. (2007). Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, 120, 1183–1215. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2361.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, C. P., & Walker, W. O., Jr. (2006). Mental retardation: Management and prognosis. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 27, 249–255. doi:10.1542/pir.27-7-249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, M. V., Ishida, A., Ishida, W. N., Matsushita, H. B., Nishimura, A., & Tsuji, M. (2009). Plasticity and injury in the developing brain. Brain and Development, 31, 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2008.03.014.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanne, S. M., Randolph, J. K., & Farmer, J. E. (2008). Diagnostic and assessment findings: A bridge to academic planning for children with autism spectrum disorders. Neuropsychology Review, 18, 367–384. doi:10.1007/s11065-008-9072-z.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kent, R. G., Carrington, S. J., Le Couteur, A., Gould, J., Wing, L., Maljaars, J., … Leekam, S. R. (2013). Diagnosing autism spectrum disorder: Who will get a DSM-5 diagnosis? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54, 1242–1250. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12085.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S. H., & Lord, C. (2012). New autism diagnostic interview-revised algorithms for toddlers and young preschoolers from 12 to 47 months of age. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42, 82–93. doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1213-1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S. H., Thurm, A., Shumway, S., & Lord, C. (2013). Multisite study of new autism diagnostic interview-revised (ADI-R) algorithms for toddlers and young preschoolers. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 1527–1538. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1696-4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kluck, A. S.. (2014). Test review of the Autism Spectrum Rating Scales. In J. F. Carlson, K. F. Geisinger, & J. L. Jonson (Eds.), The nineteenth mental measurements yearbook [electronic version]. Retrieved from the Burros Institute’s Mental Measurements Yearbook online database.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landa, R., & Garrett-Mayer, E. (2006). Development in infants with autism spectrum disorders: a prospective study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 629–638. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01531.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Landa, R. J., Holman, K. C., & Garrett-Mayer, E. (2007). Social and communication development in toddlers with early and later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 853–864. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.7.853.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leekam, S. R., Libby, S. J., Wing, L., Gould, J., & Taylor, C. (2002). The diagnostic interview for social and communication disorders: Algorithms for ICD-10 childhood autism and Wing and Gould autistic spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 327–342. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00024.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leekam, S. R., Nieto, C., Libby, S. J., Wing, L., & Gould, J. (2007). Describing the sensory abnormalities of children and adults with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 894–910. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0218-7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lord, C., & Corsello, C. (2005). Diagnostic instruments in autistic spectrum disorders. In F. R. Volkmar, R. Paul, A. Klin, & D. Cohen (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders: Vol 2. Assessment, interventions, and policy (3rd ed., pp. 730–771). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lord, C., Rutter, M., DiLavore, P., & Risi, S. (1989). Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lord, C., Rutter, M., DiLavore, P. C., Risi, S., Gotham, K., & Bishop, S. L. (2012). Autism diagnostic observation schedule, second edition (ADOS-2). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lord, C., Shulman, C., & DiLavore, P. (2004). Regression and word loss in autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 4, 936–955. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00287.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magaña, S., & Smith, L. (2013). Are there differences in ADI-R lifetime scores between Latino and non-Latino adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 141–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Magyar, C. I., & Pandolfi, V. (2007). Factor structure evaluation of the Childhood autism rating scale. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1787–1794. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0313-9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malcolm, K. K. (2014). Test review of the Childhood autism rating scale, second edition. In J. F. Carlson, K. F. Geisinger, & J. L. Jonson (Eds.), The nineteenth mental measurements yearbook [electronic version]. Retrieved from the Burros Institute's Mental Measurements Yearbook online database.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maljaars, J., Noens, I., Scholte, E., & van Berckelaer-Onnes, I. (2012). Evaluation of the criterion and convergent validity of the diagnostic interview for social and communication disorders in young and low-functioning children. Autism, 16, 487–497. doi:10.1177/1362361311402857.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mandell, D. S., Morales, K. H., Xie, M., Lawer, L. J., Stahmer, A. C., & Marcus, S. C. (2010). Age of diagnosis among medicaid-enrolled children with autism, 2001–2004. Psychiatric Services, 61, 822–829. doi:10.1176/ps.2010.61.8.822.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mandell, D. S., Novak, M. M., & Zubritsky, C. D. (2005). Factors associated with age of diagnosis among children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, 116, 1480–1486. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0185.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manning, S. E., Davin, C. A., Barfield, W. D., Kotelchuck, M., Clements, K., Diop, H., … Smith, L. A. (2011). Early diagnoses of autism spectrum disorders in Massachusetts birth cohorts, 2001-2005. Pediatrics, 127, 1043–1051. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-2943.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., & Vollmer, T. (1995). Questions about behavioral function (QABF). Baton Rouge: Scientific.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLellan, M. J. (2014). Test review of the Childhood autism rating scale, second edition. In J. F. Carlson, K. F. Geisinger, & J. L. Jonson (Eds.), The nineteenth mental measurements yearbook [electronic version]. Retrieved from the Burros Institute’s Mental Measurements Yearbook online database.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nygren, G., Hagberg, B., Billstedt, E., Skoglund, A., Gillberg, C., & Johansson, M. (2009). The Swedish version of the diagnostic interview for social and communication disorders (DISCO-10). Psychometric properties. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 730–741. doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0678-z.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pandolfi, V., Magyar, C. I., & Dill, C. A. (2010). Constructs assessed by the GARS-2: Factor analysis of data from the standardization sample. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 1118–1130. doi:10.1007/s10803-010-0967-1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pinto-Martin, J., & Levy, S. E. (2004). Early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Current Treatment Options in Neurology, 6, 391–400. doi:10.1007/s11940-996-0030-x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reszka, S. S., Boyd, B. A., McBee, M., Hume, K. A., & Odom, S. L. (2014). Brief report: Concurrent validity of autism symptom severity measures. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44, 466–470. doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1879-7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, M. W. (2001). Test review of the parents’ evaluation of developmental status. In J. F. Carlson, K. F. Geisinger, & J. L. Jonson (Eds.), The fourteenth mental measurements yearbook [electronic version]. Retrieved from the Burros Institute’s Mental Measurements Yearbook online database.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, K., Stafford, T., Benedicto, J., & Hocking, N. (2013). Autism assessment: The Melton health model. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 49, 1057–1062. doi:10.1111/jpc.12303.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, E. L. (2001). Functional behavioral assessment and children with autism: Working as a team. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 16, 228–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, S. J. (2004). Developmental regression in autism spectrum disorders. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Review, 10, 139–143. doi:10.1002/mrdd.20027.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M., Le Couteur, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Autism diagnostic interview-revised (ADI-R) Los Angeles: Western psychological services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, B. S., Tilford, J. M., Fussell, J. J., Schulz, E. G., Casey, P. H., & Kuo, D. Z. (2015). Financial and employment impact of intellectual disability on families of children with autism. Families, Systems & Health : The Journal of Collaborative Family Healthcare.. doi:10.1037/fsh0000102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E., Reichler, R. J., & Renner, B. R. (1980). The Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E., Van Bourgondien, M. E., Wellman, G. J., & Love, S. R. (2010). Childhood autism rating scale (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, S. R. (2014a). Test review of the PDD behavior inventory-screening version. In J. F. Carlson, K. F. Geisinger, & J. L. Jonson (Eds.), The nineteenth mental measurements yearbook [electronic version]. Retrieved from the Burros Institute’s Mental Measurements Yearbook online database.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, S. R. (2014b). Test review of the autism spectrum rating scales. In J. F. Carlson, K. F. Geisinger, & J. L. Jonson (Eds.), The nineteenth mental measurements yearbook [electronic version]. Retrieved from the Burros Institute’s Mental Measurements Yearbook online database.

    Google Scholar 

  • Squires, J., Twombly, E., Bricker, D., & Potter, L. (2009). Ages and stages questionnaire (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stefanatos, G. A. (2008). Regression in autistic spectrum disorders. Neuropsychology Review, 18, 305–319. doi:10.1007/s11065-008-9073-y.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strock, M. (2004). Autism spectrum disorders (pervasive developmental disorders). NIMH Publication No. NIH-04-5511. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun, X., Allison, C., Auyeung, B., Matthews, F. E., Baron-Cohen, S., & Brayne, C. (2013). What is available for case identification in autism research in mainland China? Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7, 579–590. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2012.11.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarbox, J., Wilke, A. E., Najdowski, A. C., Findel-Pyles, R. S., Balasanyan, S., Caveney, A. C., … Tia, B. (2009). Comparing indirect, descriptive, and experimental functional assessments of challenging behavior in children with autism. Journal of Developmental & Physical Disabilities, 21, 493–514. doi: 10.1007/s10882-009-9154-8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomanik, S. S., Pearson, D. A., Loveland, K. A., Lane, D. M., & Shaw, J. B. (2007). Improving the reliability of autism diagnoses: Examining the utility of adaptive behavior. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 921–928. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0227-6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuchiya, K. J., Matsumoto, K., Yagi, A., Inada, N., Kuroda, M., Inokuchi, E., Koyama, T., … Takei, N. (2013). Reliability and validity of autism diagnostic interview-revised, Japanese version. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 643–662. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1606-9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valleley, R. J., & Roane, B. M. (2010). Test review of the ages and stages questionnaire: A parent completed child monitoring system, third edition. In R. A. Spies. J. F. Carlson, & K. F. Geisinger (Eds.), The eighteenth mental measurements yearbook [electronic version]. Retrieved from the Burros Institute’s Mental Measurements Yearbook online database.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volker, M. A., & Lopata, C. (2008). Autism: A review of biological bases, assessment, and intervention. School Psychology Quarterly, 23, 228–270. doi:10.1037/1045-3830.23.2.258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waltz, M. (2002). Autistic spectrum disorders: Finding a diagnosis and getting help. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly & Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, H., Sandall, S. R., Davis, C. A., & Thomas, C. J. (2011). Social skills assessment in young children with autism: A comparison evaluation of the SSRS and PKBS. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41, 1487–1495. doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1175-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wiig, E. H., Semel, E., & Secord, W. A. (2013). Clinical evaluation of language fundamentals (5th ed.). San Antonio, TX: Pearson Assessment.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing, L., Leekam, S. R., Libby, S. J., Gould, J., & Larcombe, M. (2002). The diagnostic interview for social and communication disorders: Background, inter-rater reliability and clinical use. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 307–325. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00023.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S., Rogers, T., Roberts, W., Brian, J., & Szatmari, P. (2005). Behavioral manifestations of autism in the first year of life. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 23, 143–152. doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.05.001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Steven G. Little

  2. Akin-Little and Little Behavioral Psychology Consultants, Malone, NY, USA

    Angeleque Akin-Little

Authors
  1. Steven G. Little
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Angeleque Akin-Little
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Steven G. Little .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA

    Johnny L. Matson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Little, S.G., Akin-Little, A. (2016). Preschool, Early Childhood, and Adolescence. In: Matson, J.L. (eds) Handbook of Assessment and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism and Child Psychopathology Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27171-2_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation