Abstract
Store Operated Ca2+ Entry (SOCE), the main Ca2+ influx mechanism in non-excitable cells, is implicated in the immune response and has been reported to be affected in several pathologies including cancer. The basic molecular constituents of SOCE are Orai, the pore forming unit, and STIM, a multidomain protein with at least two principal functions: one is to sense the Ca2+ content inside the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum(ER) and the second is to activate Orai channels upon depletion of the ER. The link between Ca2+ depletion inside the ER and Ca2+ influx from extracellular media is through a direct association of STIM and Orai, but for this to occur, both molecules have to interact and form clusters where ER and plasma membrane (PM) are intimately apposed. In recent years a great number of components have been identified as participants in SOCE regulation, including regions of plasma membrane enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, the so called lipid rafts, which recruit a complex platform of specialized microdomains, which cells use to regulate spatiotemporal Ca2+ signals.
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Abbreviations
- AC8:
-
Adenylyl cyclase 8
- APC:
-
Adenomatous polyposis coli
- ARC channels:
-
Arachidonic acid gated channels
- ASM:
-
Airway smooth muscle
- CaM:
-
Calmodulin
- cAMP:
-
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- Cav1.2:
-
Voltage gated Ca2+ channel 1.2
- Cav-1:
-
Caveolin 1
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- CRAC:
-
Cholesterol recognition/amino acid consensus
- CRACR2A:
-
Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel regulator 2A
- DRMs:
-
Detergent-resistance membranes
- EAE:
-
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
- ERM:
-
Ezrin/radixin/moesin domain
- ER-PM junctions:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane junctions
- FCS:
-
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
- FRET:
-
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- GPI:
-
Glycosylphosphatidyl inositol
- HEK293:
-
Human embryonic kidney 293
- IBD:
-
Inflammatory bowel disease
- Icrac:
-
Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ current
- IP3R:
-
Inositol trisphosphate receptor
- IS:
-
Immunological synapse
- MS:
-
Multiple sclerosis
- MβCD:
-
Methyl-β-cyclodextrin
- NFAT:
-
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells
- PDGF:
-
Platelet-derived growth factor
- PI4P:
-
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate
- PIP2 :
-
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate
- PIP3 :
-
Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate
- PIP5KIβ:
-
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate-5-kinase I isoform β
- PIP5KIγ:
-
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate-5-kinase I isoform γ
- PKB:
-
Protein kinase B
- PM:
-
Plasma membrane
- PMCA:
-
Plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase
- POST:
-
Partner of STIM1
- RYR:
-
Ryanodine receptor
- SCID:
-
Severe combined immunodeficiency
- SERCA:
-
Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
- SG:
-
Salivary gland
- SOCE:
-
Store operated Ca2+ entry
- SOCIC:
-
Store operated Ca2+ influx complex
- SPCA2:
-
Secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase
- TCR:
-
T-cells receptors
- TIRFM:
-
Total internal reflexion fluorescence microscopy
- TRPC:
-
Transient receptor potential canonical
- VGCC:
-
Voltage gated Ca2+ channels
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Pacheco, J., Ramírez-Jarquín, J.O., Vaca, L. (2016). Microdomains Associated to Lipid Rafts. In: Rosado, J. (eds) Calcium Entry Pathways in Non-excitable Cells. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 898. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_15
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