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Depth Profiling and Internal Structure Determination of Low Dimensional Materials Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

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Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES)

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Surface Sciences ((SSSUR,volume 59))

Abstract

Properties of any heterostructured material depend critically on the specific composition profile of the constituent elements in the sample. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is particularly well suited to probe elemental composition of any system. Tunable photon energies, available from any synchrotron centre, allow one to map out the compositional variation through a sample in a manner that can be termed non-invasive and non-destructive depth profiling. In addition, XPS is also able to provide depth resolved electronic structure information by directly mapping out occupied states at and near the Fermi energy. Recent developments at various synchrotron centers, providing access up to very high energy (~10 keV) photons with a good resolution and flux, have made it possible to estimate such compositional and electronic structure depth profiles with a greater accuracy for a wider range of materials. In this book chapter, we describe in detail the use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in a selection of heterostructures, in order to illustrate the power of this technique.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India

    Sumanta Mukherjee, Pralay K. Santra & D. D. Sarma

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, USA

    Pralay K. Santra

  3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 534, Uppsala, 751 21, Sweden

    D. D. Sarma

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  1. Sumanta Mukherjee
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  2. Pralay K. Santra
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  3. D. D. Sarma
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Correspondence to D. D. Sarma .

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  1. Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Upton, New York, USA

    Joseph Woicik

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Mukherjee, S., Santra, P.K., Sarma, D.D. (2016). Depth Profiling and Internal Structure Determination of Low Dimensional Materials Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. In: Woicik, J. (eds) Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES). Springer Series in Surface Sciences, vol 59. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24043-5_13

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