Abstract
This paper presents the background, development, and applications of simplified loads models for characterizing the loads related to SARISTU activities in application scenario AS03. The models have been developed from the initial SARISTU wing model of Alenia Aermacchi (AAM). A mass model of the fuel has been reconstructed from the aircraft data, and an aircraft model has been developed using an aircraft sizing tool. With the completion of the winglet design, the SARISTU winglet and the winglet active trailing edge (WATE) model have also been integrated in the loads model. The loads analysis for design purposes includes manoeuvre as well as gust loads. To support the evaluation of WATE device for the gust load alleviation system (GLAS), a state-space aeroservoelastic model of the SARISTU aircraft is developed. The methodologies and models developed within SARISTU have been successfully employed in the design of GLAS and WATE controller optimization and investigations to verify possible wing structure mass reductions. The approach and dynamic loads models developed in SARISTU can be applied straightforward in future R&D projects for structure loads assessments (aeromechanical), control design and optimization, loads, and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM).
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Abbreviations
- A, B, C, D :
-
State-space matrices, i.e. system, input and output matrices
- A, D, R, E :
-
Matrices representing rational approximation of the aerodynamic matrix Q in the state-space model
- ATED:
-
Adaptive trailing edge device
- c :
-
Chord
- F :
-
Force vector in the state-space model
- k :
-
Reduced frequency k = ωc/(2U ∞ )
- Q hg :
-
Generalized aerodynamic force of mode h due to gust input g
- Q hj :
-
Generalized aerodynamic force of mode h due to gust striking aerodynamic panel j, extracted from NASTRAN as QHJL matrix
- QHHL:
-
Matrix of generalized aerodynamic coefficients extracted from NASTRAN aeroelastic response
- ϕ s :
-
Structural vibration mode
- ϕ jg :
-
Delay function of aerodynamic panel j due to gust input g
- GLAS:
-
Gust load alleviation system
- MKLIST:
-
List of Mach-k data extracted from NASTRAN aeroelastic response
- MTOW, MLDW:
-
Mass configurations: maximum take-off weight and maximum landing weight
- M, G, K :
-
Mass, damping and stiffness matrices representing system dynamic of the aircraft
- n Z :
-
Normal load factor
- n G :
-
Vector normal to the direction of gust, i.e. vertical for normal gust and starboard for lateral gust
- SHM:
-
Structural Health Monitoring
- V D :
-
Dive speed
- WATE:
-
Winglet active trailing edge
- x, u :
-
State and input vectors in state-space model
- X a :
-
Aerodynamic lag state, part of rational function approximation of aerodynamic force in state-space model
- ω :
-
Circular frequency
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank all participating partners from the project-consortium SARISTU for the good teamwork and the support during the development and verification activities of the Adaptive Morphing Winglet. We especially enjoyed the work together in the AS03 team and to support during the design, optimization and evaluation activities of the WATE device for the GLAS. The research leading to these results has received partly funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme through the SARISTU project for research, technological development and demonstration (GA/Nr.: ACP1-GA-2011-284562)
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Kanakis, T., Prananta, B., van Tongeren, H., Huls, R. (2016). Dynamic Aircraft Model with Active Winglet, Effects of Flight Mechanics and Loads Analysis. In: Wölcken, P., Papadopoulos, M. (eds) Smart Intelligent Aircraft Structures (SARISTU). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22413-8_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22413-8_15
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