Skip to main content

Artificial Intelligence

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Roboethics

Part of the book series: Intelligent Systems, Control and Automation: Science and Engineering ((ISCA,volume 79))

  • 2413 Accesses

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the field of computer and system science concerned with intelligent machines and systems which are created by embedding intelligence to computers. Actually, no unique, or globally accepted, definition of AI exists, and the AI concept has brought a wide repertory of discussions, arguments and disagreements. This Chapter provides background material on AI that will enable the reader to appreciate the need for intelligent machines and robots ethics. Specifically, the chapter discusses the difference between human and artificial intelligence, outlines the Turing test that a machine has to pass in order to be characterized as intelligent, and provides a quick tour to applied AI.

Instead of worrying about whether a particular machine

can be intelligent, it is far more important to make a piece

of software that is intelligent.

Oliver Selfridge

No computer has ever been designed that is ever aware

of what it is doing; but most of the time, we aren’t either.

Marvin Miasky

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Dreyfus HL (1979) What computers can do: the limits of artificial intelligence. Harper Colophon Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hall JS (2001) Beyond AI: Creating the Conscience of the Machine. Prometheus Books, Amherst

    Google Scholar 

  3. Moravec H (1999) Robot: mere machine to transcendent mind. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bostrom N (2003) Ethical issues in advanced artificial intelligence. In: Smit I, Lasker GE (eds) Cognitive, emotive and ethical aspects of decision making in humans and artificial intelligence, vol 2. International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research/Cybernetics, Windsor, ON, pp 12–17

    Google Scholar 

  5. Posner R (2004) Catastrophe risk and response. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  6. McCarthy J, Hayes PJ (1969) Some philosophical problems from the stand point of artificial intelligence. In: Meltzer B, Michie B (eds) Machine intelligence, 4th edn. Edimburgh University Press, Edimburgh, pp 463–502

    Google Scholar 

  7. Rich E (1984) Artificial intelligence. Mc Graw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  8. Noyes JL (1992) Artificial intelligence with common lisp. D.C. Heath, Lexington

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Turing A (1950) Computing machinery and intelligence. MIND 49:433–460

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. “What is Watson”, IBM Innovation, IBM Inc. www.ibm.com/innovation/us/Watson/what-is-watson/index.html

  11. Hsu F-H (2002) Behind deep blue: building the computer that defeated the world chess champion. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  12. Campbell M (1998) An enjoyable game. In: Stork DG (ed) HAL’s legacy: 2001 computer as dream and reality. MIT Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  13. Weizenbaum J (1976) Computer power and human reason. W.H. Freeman, California

    Google Scholar 

  14. Narim A (1993) The myths of artificial intelligence. www.narin.com/attila/ai.html

  15. Gelernter D, What happened to theoretical AI? www.forbes.com/2009/06/18/computing-cognitive-consciousness-opinions-contributors-artificial-intelligence-09-gelernter.html

  16. Wang P, Goertzel B (eds) (2012) Theoretical foundations of artificial general intelligence. Atlantis Thinking Machines, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  17. Feigenbaum EA, McCorduck P (1983) The fifth generation. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA

    Google Scholar 

  18. Barr A, Feigenbaum EA (1971) Handbook of artificial intelligence. Pittman, London

    Google Scholar 

  19. Popovic D, Bhatkar VP (1994) Methods and tools for applied artificial intelligence. Marcel Dekker, New York/Basel

    Google Scholar 

  20. Gruber T (1995) Towards principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing. Int J Hum Comput Stud 43(5–6):907–928

    Google Scholar 

  21. Forsyth R (1984) Expert systems. Chapman and Hall, Boca Raton, Fl

    Google Scholar 

  22. Bowerman R, Glover P (1988) Putting expert systems into practice. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York

    Google Scholar 

  23. Harman P, Maus R, Morrissey W (1988) Expert systems: tools and applications. John Wiley and Sons, New York/Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  24. Lewis J, Potosnak KM, Mayar RL (1997) Keys and keyboards. In: Helander MG, Landawer TK, Prabhu P (eds) Handbook of human-computer interaction. North-Holland, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  25. Foley JD, van Dam A (1982) Fundamentals of interactive computer graphics. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA

    Google Scholar 

  26. Tzafestas SG, Tzafestas ES (2001) Human-machine interaction in intelligent robotic systems: a unifying consideration with implementation examples. J Intell Rob Syst 32(2):119–141

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Licklider JCR (1960) Man-computer symbiosis. IRE Trans Hum Factors Electron HFE 1(1):4–11

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Spyros G. Tzafestas .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tzafestas, S.G. (2016). Artificial Intelligence. In: Roboethics. Intelligent Systems, Control and Automation: Science and Engineering, vol 79. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21714-7_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21714-7_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-21713-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-21714-7

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics