Abstract
On March 29, 2004, NATO experienced the fifth wave of enlargement. It was one of the largest steps in the history of the alliance, and it not only demonstrated the quantitative growth of this military-political organization but also confirmed its qualitative shifts. During the cold war, the Baltic Sea was an inner sea of the Warsaw Pact, with a heavily concentrated military presence on its southern shore. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact, there had been two waves of NATO enlargement, and the Baltic was now becoming an inner sea for NATO. At the Prague summit, NATO decided to validate the accession of seven new members. Among them were three former Soviet republics: Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. This enlargement round was viewed as coming directly into Russia’s “backyard.”
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Hyland (1998, 38) points out that “the great irony is that the only country that could conceivably pose a threat to NATO will participate in the Alliance’s military planning. And consultations could easily be used to delay, if not halt, further expansion.”
- 2.
Before the Baltic States joined NATO, Russia and NATO had a 402 km common border in the northern part of Norway and in the Kaliningrad Oblast. Afterward, the common border increased to 1140 km.
- 3.
Even though the city of Leningrad was given back its traditional name of St. Petersburg, the military had not changed the name of its military district.
Bibliography
Central Intelligence Agency. (2002). The world factbook 2002. McLean, Va. http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html
Hyland, W. G. (1998). NATO’s incredible shrinking defense. In T. G. Carpenter & B. Corny (Eds.), NATO enlargement: Illusions and reality (pp. 31–40). Washington, D.C.: Cato Institute.
Kramer, M. (2002). NATO, the Baltic states and Russia: A framework for enlargement. Washington, D.C.: PONARS, Georgetown University (PONARS working paper).
Mendelsohn, J. (1998). Tranche fever. NATO homepage. Washington, D.C.: Arms. Control Association, http://www.armscontrol.org/print/326
NATO. (1997). Founding act on mutual relations, cooperation and security between NATO and the Russian federation signed in Paris, France. http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_25468.htm?selectedLocale=en
Robertson, L. (2002). Russia: security and prosperity on the European continent in the 21st century. Speech by NATO Secretary General Lord Robertson, given Dec 9, 2002, at The European Business Club, Moscow, Russia. http://www.nato.int/docu/speech/2002/s021209a.htm
Varoli, J. (2001). Russia is moving to ship more of its oil. New York Times, Dec 25, 2001, W1, W7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yiangou, G. (2016). Toward a New Cold War: NATO Enlargement, Russia, and the Baltic States. In: Katsikides, S., Hanappi, H. (eds) Society and Economics in Europe. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21431-3_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21431-3_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-21430-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-21431-3
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)