Abstract
HetNets usually involve macrocells that are overlaid with small cells to efficiently fulfill the ever-increasing demand for network capacity. As discussed in the previous chapters, the main issue here is to reduce or even prevent inter-cell interference. In 4G networks, this problem has been solved by resorting to coordinated approaches. However, this methodology is only viable when both the macrocells and the small cells are deployed directly by the same operator; otherwise the coexistence and efficient coordination of macrocells and small cells is very challenging. This drawback is accentuated in 5G networks, where the number of small cell nodes is expected to increase significantly, and many user-deployed small cells will be used in different environments, such as homes, small offices and enterprises. In such a scenario, coordination between the two network layers to manage inter-cell interference will be either infeasible or impossible, mainly because of the network delay and signaling overheads. This leads to the emerging paradigm of cognitive HetNets, which basically involves each small cell having sensing capabilities to acquire knowledge about the macrocell transmissions; the small cell then adapts its transmission/reception using opportunistic and dynamic resource allocation schemes and advanced signal processing methods. This chapter provides a description of the most popular cognitive methodologies used in cognitive HetNets, and highlights their advantages and specific features. Challenging issues related to the practical implementation of cognitive approaches in HetNets will be also emphasized and discussed critically.
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Notes
- 1.
(i, j) denotes the i-th time slot and the j-th frequency (see Sect. 2.4.1.2).
- 2.
The payoff in a game represents the motivations of the players. It may represent profit or utility, or may simply rank the desirability of the possible outcomes.
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Marabissi, D., Fantacci, R. (2015). Cognitive HetNets. In: Cognitive Interference Management in Heterogeneous Networks. SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20191-7_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20191-7_3
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