Abstract
Extraterrestrial materials consist of samples from the moon, Mars and a variety of smaller bodies such as asteroids and comets. These planetary samples have been used to deduce the evolution of our solar system. A major difference between extraterrestrial and terrestrial materials is the existence of primordial isotopic heterogeneities in the early solar system.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abelson PH, Hoering TC (1961) Carbon isotope fractionation in formation of amino acids by photosynthetic organisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 47:623
Abrajano TA, Sturchio NB, Bohlke JH, Lyon GJ, Poreda RJ, Stevens MJ (1988) Methane—hydrogen gas seeps Zambales ophiolite, Phillippines: deep or shallow origin. Chem Geol 71:211–222
Affek HP, Bar-Matthews M, Ayalon A, Matthews A, Eiler JM (2008) Glacial/interglacial temperature variations in Soreq cave speleothems as recorded by “clumped isotope” thermometry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 72:5351–5360
Agrinier P, Hekinian R, Bideau D, Javoy M (1995) O and H stable isotope compositions of oceanic crust and upper mantle rocks exposed in the Hess Deep near the Galapagos Triple Junction. Earth Planet Sci Lett 136:183–196
Aharon P, Fu B (2000) Microbial sulfate reduction rates and sulfur and oxygen isotope fractionation at oil and gas seeps in deepwater Gulf of Mexico. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64:233–246
Aharon P, Fu B (2003) Sulfur and oxygen isotopes of coeval sulphate-sulfide in pore fluids of cold seep sediments with sharp redox gradients. Chem Geol 195:201–218
Alexander CM, Russell SS, Arden JW, Ash RD, Grady MM, Pillinger CT (1998) The origin of chondritic macromolecular organic matter: a carbon and nitrogen isotope study. Meteorit Planet Sci 33:603–622
Alexander B, Savarino J, Barkov N, Delmas RJ, Thiemens MH (2002) Climate driven changes in the oxidation pathways of atmospheric sulfur. Geophys Res Lett 29(14):30–31
Alexander B, Savarino J, Kreutz KJ, Thiemens MH (2004) Impact of preindustrial biomass-burning emissions on the oxidation pathways of troposheric sulfur and nitrogen. J Geophys Res 109:8030–8038
Alexander CM, Fogel M, Yabuta H, Cody GD (2007) The origin and evolution of chondrites recorded in the elemental and isotopic compositions of their macromolecular organic matter. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 71:4380–4403
Alexander CM, Newsome SD, Fogel ML, Nittler LR, Busemann H, Cody GR (2010) Deuterium enrichments in chondritic macromolecular material—implications for the origin and evolution of organics, water and asteroids. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74:4417–4437
Alexander CM, Bowden R, Fogel ML, Howard KT, Herd CD, Nittler LR (2012) The provenances of asteroids and their contributions to the volatile inventories of the terrestrila planets. Science 337:721–723
Allard P (1983) The origin of hydrogen, carbon, sulphur, nitrogen and rare gases in volcanic exhalations: evidence from isotope geochemistry. In: Tazieff H, Sabroux JC (eds) Forecasting volcanic events. Elsevier Publlishing Co., pp 337–386
Allen RB, Cuffey KM (2001) Oxygen- and hydrogen-isotopic ratios of water in precipitation: beyond paleothermometry. Rev Mineral Geochem 43:527–553
Alt JC, Muehlenbachs K, Honnorez J (1986) An oxygen isotopic profile through the upper kilometer of the oceanic crust, DSDP hole 504 B. Earth Planet Sci Lett 80:217–229
Altabet MA, Deuser WC (1985) Seasonal variations in natural abundance of 15N in particles sinking to the deep Sargasso Sea. Nature 315:218–219
Altabet MA, McCarthy JJ (1985) Temporal and spatial variations in the natural abundance of 15N in POM from a warm-core ring. Deep Sea Res 32:755–772
Altabet MA, Deuser WG, Honjo S, Stienen C (1991) Seasonal and depth related changes in the source of sinking particles in the North Atlantic. Nature 354:136–139
Amari S, Hoppe P, Zinner E, Lewis RS (1993) The isotopic compositions of stellar sources of meteoritic graphite grains. Nature 365:806–809
Amrani A (2014) Organosulfur compounds: molecular and isotopic evolution from biota to oil and gas. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 42:733–768
Amrani A, Deev A, Sessions AL, Tang Y, Adkins JF, Hill RL, Moldowan JM, Wei Z (2012) The sulfur-isotopic comppositions of benzothiophenes and dibenzothiophenes as a proxy for thermochemical sulfate reduction. Geochim Cosmochim Acta (in press)
Anbar AD, Rouxel O (2007) Metal stable isotopes in paleoceanography. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 35:717–746
Ancour AM, Sheppard SMF, Guyomar O, Wattelet J (1999) Use of 13C to trace origin and cycling of inorganic carbon in the Rhone river system. Chem Geol 159:87–105
Anderson AT, Clayton RN, Mayeda TK (1971) Oxygen isotope thermometry of mafic igneous rocks. J Geol 79:715–729
Angert A, Cappa CD, DePaolo DJ (2004) Kinetic O-17 effects in the hydrologic cycle: indirect evidence and implications. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68:3487–3495
Antler G, Turchyn AV, Rennie V, Herut B, Sivan O (2013) Coupled sulphur and oxygen isotope insight into bacterial sulphate reduction in the natural environment. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 118:98–117
Archer C, Vance D (2006) Coupled Fe and S isotope evidence for Archean microbial Fe(III) and sulphate reduction. Geology 34:153–156
Armytage RMG, Georg RB, Williams HM, Halliday AN (2012) Silicon isotopes in lunar rocks: implications for the Moon, s formation and the early history of the Earth. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 77:504–514
Arnold M, Sheppard SMF (1981) East Pacific Rise at 21°N: isotopic composition and origin of the hydrothermal sulfur. Earth Planet Sci Lett 56:148–156
Arthur MA, Dean WE, Claypool CE (1985) Anomalous 13C enrichment in modern marine organic carbon. Nature 315:216–218
Asael D, Matthews A, Oszczepalski S, Bar-Matthews M, Halicz L (2009) Fluid speciation controls of low temperature copper isotope fractionation applied to the Kupferschiefer and Timna ore deposits. Chem Geol 262:147–158
Ayliffe LK, Chivas AR (1990) Oxyen isotope composition of the bone phosphate of Australian kangaroos: potential as a palaeoenvironmental recorder. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54:2603–2609
Ayliffe LK, Lister AM, Chivas AR (1992) The preservation of glacial-interglacial climatic signatures in the oxygen isotopes of elephant skeletal phosphate. Palaeo, Palaeo, Palaeo 99:179–191
Ayliffe LK, Chivas AR, Leakey MG (1994) The retention of primary oxygen isotope compositions of fossil elephant skeletal phosphate. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58:5291–5298
Bacastow RB, Keeling CD, Lueker TJ, Wahlen M, Mook WG (1996) The δ 13C Suess effect in the world surface oceans and its implications for oceanic uptake of CO2: analysis of observations at Bermuda. Global Biochem Cycles 10:335–346
Baker AJ, Fallick AE (1989) Heavy carbon in two-billion-year-old marbles from Lofoten-Vesteralen, Norway: implications for the Precambrian carbon cycle. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:1111–1115
Baker J, Matthews A (1995) The stable isotope evolution of a metamorphic complex, Naxos, Greece. Contr Mineral Petrol 120:391–403
Baker JA, Macpherson CG, Menzies MA, Thirlwall MF, Al-Kadasi M, Mattey DP (2000) Resolving crustal and mantle contributions to continental flood volcanism, Yemen: constraints from mineral oxygen isotope data. J Petrol 41:1805–1820
Banner JL, Wasserburg GJ, Dobson PF, Carpenter AB, Moore CH (1989) Isotopic and trace element constraints on the orgin and evolution of saline groundwaters from central Missouri. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:383–398
Bao H (2015) Sulfate: a time capsule for Earth’s O2, O3 and H2O. Chem Geol 395:108–118
Bao H, Gu B (2004) Natural perchlorate has a unique oxygen isotope signature. Environ Sci Tech 38:5073–5077
Bao H, Koch PL (1999) Oxygen isotope fractionation in ferric oxide-water systems: low temperature synthesis. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:599–613
Bao H, Thiemens MH, Farquahar J, Campbell DA, Lee CC, Heine K, Loope DB (2000) Anomalous 17O compositions in massive sulphate deposits on the Earth. Nature 406:176–178
Bao H, Thiemens MH, Heine K (2001) Oxygen-17 excesses of the Central Namib gypcretes: spatial distribution. Earth Planet Sci Lett 192:125–135
Barkan E, Luz B (2005) High precision measurements of 17O/16O and 18O/16O ratios in H2O. Rapid Commun Mass Spectr 19:3737–3742
Barkan E, Luz B (2007) Diffusivity fractionations of H 162 O/H 172 O and H 162 O/H 182 O in air and their implications for isotope hydrology. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 21:2999–3005
Barkan E, Luz B (2011) The relationship among the three stable isotopes of oxygen in air, seawater and marine photosynthesis. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 25:2367–2369
Barnes I, Irwin WP, White DE (1978) Global distribution of carbon dioxide discharges and major zones of seismicity. US Geol Survey, Water-Resources Investigation 78–39, Open File Report
Barnes JJ, Franchi IA, Anand M, Tartese R, Starkey NA, Koike M, Sano Y, Russell SS (2013) Accurate and precise measurements of the D/H ratio and hydroxyl content in lunar apaites using NanoSIMS. Chem Geol 337–338:48–55
Baroni M, Thiemens MH, Delmas RJ, Savarino J (2007) Mass-independent sulfur isotopic composition in stratospheric volcanic eruptions. Science 315:84–87
Batenburg AM, Walter S et al (2011) Temporal and spatial variability of the stable isotope composition of atmospheric molecular hydrogen. Atm Chem Phys Discuss 11:10087–10120
Baumgartner LP, Rumble D (1988) Transport of stable isotopes. I. Development of a kinetic continuum theory for stable isotope transport. Contr Mineral Petrol 98:417–430
Baumgartner LP, Valley JW (2001) Stable isotope transport and contact metamorphic fluid flow. In: Stable Isotope Geochemistry. Rev Mineral Geochem 43:415–467
Beaty DW, Taylor HP (1982) Some petrologic and oxygen isotopic relationships in the Amulet Mine, Noranda, Quebec, and their bearing on the origin of Archaean massive sulfide deposits. Econ Geol 77:95–108
Bechtel A, Hoernes S (1990) Oxygen isotope fractionation between oxygen of different sites in illite minerals: a potential geothermometer. Contrib Mineral Petrol 104:463–470
Bechtel A, Sun Y, Püttmann W, Hoernes S, Hoefs J (2001) Isotopic evidence for multi-stage base metal enrichment in the Kupferschiefer from the Sangershausen Basin, Germany. Chem Geol 176:31–49
Becker RH, Epstein S (1982) Carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen isotopes in solvent-extractable organic matter from carbonaceous chondrites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 46:97–103
Bell DR, Ihinger PD (2000) The isotopic composition of hydrogen in nominally anhydrous mantle minerals. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64:2109–2118
Bemis BE, Spero HJ, Bijma J, Lea DW (1998) Reevaluation of the oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera: experimental results and revised paleotemperature equations. Paleoceanography 13:150–160
Bender ML, Keigwin LD (1979) Speculations about upper Miocene changes in abyssal Pacific dissolved bicarbonate δ13C. Earth Planet Sci Lett 45:383–393
Bender M, Sowers T, Labeyrie L (1994) The Dole effect and its variations during the last 130000 years as measured in the Vostok ice core. Global Biogeochem Cycles 8:363–376
Bennett SA, Rouxel O, Schmidt K, Garbe-Schönberg D, Statham PJ, German CR (2009) Iron isotope fractionation in a buyant hydrothermal plume, 5°S Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 73:5619–5634
Berndt ME, Seal RR, Shanks WC, Seyfried WE (1996) Hydrogen isotope systematics of phase separation in submarine hydrothermal systems: experimental calibration and theoretical models. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:1595–1604
Berner RA (1990) Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over Phanerozoic time. Science 249:1382–1386
Berner U, Faber E, Scheeder G, Panten D (1995) Primary cracking of algal and landplant kerogens: kinetic models of isotope variations in methane, ethane and propane. Chem Geol 126:233–245
Beucher CP, Brzezinski MA, Jones JL (2008) Sources and biological fractionation of silicon isotopes in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific. Geochim Cosmochim Acata 72:3063–3073
Bickle MJ, Baker J (1990) Migration of reaction and isotopic fronts in infiltration zones: assessments of fluid flux in metamorphic terrains. Earth Planet Sci Lett 98:1–13
Bidigare RR et al (1997) Consistent fractionation of 13C in nature and in the laboratory: growth-rate effects in some haptophyte algae. Global Biogeochem Cycles 11:279–292
Bindeman IN, Eiler JN et al (2005) Oxygen isotope evidence for slab melting in modern and ancient subduction zones. Earth Planet Sci Lett 235:480–496
Bindeman IN, Ponomareva VV, Bailey JC, Valley JW (2004) Volcanic arc of Kamchatka: a province with high-δ18O magma sources and large scale 18O/16O depletion of the upper crust. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68:841–865
Bindeman IN, Eiler JM, Wing BA, Farquhar J (2007) Rare sulfur and triple oxygen isotope geochemistry of volcanogenic sulfate aerosols. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 71:2326–2343
Bindeman IN, Gurenko A, Sigmarsson O, Chaussidon M (2008) Oxygen isotope heterogeneity and disequilibria of olivine crystals in large volume Holocene basalts from Iceland: evidence for magmatic digestion and erosion of Pleistocene hyaloclastites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 72:4397–4420
Bird MI, Ascoughz PL (2012) Isotopes in pyrogenic carbon: a review. Org Geochem 42:1529–1539
Bird MI, Chivas AR (1989) Stable-isotope geochronology of the Australian regolith. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:3239–3256
Bird MI, Longstaffe FJ, Fyfe WS, Bildgen P (1992) Oxygen isotope systematics in a multiphase weathering system in Haiti. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:2831–2838
Black JR, Epstein E, Rains WD, Yin Q-Z, Casey WD (2008) Magnesium isotope fractionation during plant growth. Environ Sci Technol 42:7831–7836
Blair N, Leu A, Munoz E, Olsen J, Kwong E, Desmarais D (1985) Carbon isotopic fractionation in heterotrophic microbial metabolism. Appl Environ Microbiol 50:996–1001
Blake RE, O’Neil JR, Garcia GA (1997) Oxygen isotope systematics of biologically mediated reactions of phosphate: I Microbial degradation of organophosphorus compounds. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:441–4422
Blake RE, O’Neil JR, Surkov A (2005) Biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus: insights from oxygen isotope effects of phosphoenzymes. Am J Sci 305:596–620
Blattner P, Dietrich V, Gansser A (1983) Contrasting 18O enrichment and origins of High Himalayan and Transhimalayan intrusives. Earth Planet Sci Lett 65:276–286
Blisnink PM, Stern LA (2005) Stable isotope altimetry: a critical review. Am J Sci 305:1033–1074
Boctor NZ, Alexander CM, Wang J, Hauri E (2003) The sources of water in Martian meteorites: clues from hydrogen isotopes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 67:3971–3989
Boehme SE, Blair NE, Chanton JP, Martens CS (1996) A mass balance of 13C and 12C in an organic-rich methane-producing marine sediment. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:3835–3848
Bogard DD, Johnson P (1983) Martian gases in an Antarctic meteorite. Science 221:651–654
Böhlke JK, Sturchio NC, Gu B, Horita J, Brown GM, Jackson WA, Batista Jr, Hatzinger PB (2005) Perchlorate isotope forensics. Anal Chem 77:7838–7842
Bolliger C, Schroth MH, Bernasconi SM, Kleikemper J, Zeyer J (2001) Sulfur isotope fractionation during microbial reduction by toluene-degrading bacteria. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65:3289–3299
Böttcher ME, Brumsack HJ, Lange GJ (1998) Sulfate reduction and related stable isotope (34S, 18O) variations in interstitial waters from the eastern Mediterranean. Proc Ocean Drill Program, Sci Res 160:365–373
Böttcher ME, Thamdrup B, Vennemann TW (2001) Oxygen and sulfur isotope fractionation during anaerobic bacterial disproportionation of elemental sulfur. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65:1601–1609
Bottinga Y, Craig H (1969) Oxygen isotope fractionation between CO2 and water and the isotopic composition of marine atmospheric CO2. Earth Planet Sci Lett 5:285–295
Bottomley DJ, Katz A, Chan LH, Starinsky A, Douglas M, Clark ID, Raven KG (1999) The origin and evolution of Canadian Shield brines: evaporation or freezing of seawater? New lithium isotope and geochemical evidence from the Slave craton. Chem Geol 155:295–320
Bowers TS, Taylor HP (1985) An integrated chemical and isotope model of the origin of midocean ridge hot spring systems. J Geophys Res 90:12583–12606
Bowman JR, O’Neil JR, Essene EJ (1985) Contact skarn formation at Elkhorn, Montana. II. Origin and evolution of C-O-H skarn fluids. Am J Sci 285:621–660
Boyd SR, Pillinger CT (1994) A preliminary study of 15N/14N in octahedral growth from diamonds. Chem Geol 116:43–59
Boyd SR, Pillinger CT, Milledge HJ, Mendelssohn MJ, Seal M (1992) C and N isotopic composition and the infrared absorption spectra of coated diamonds: evidence for the regional uniformity of CO2-H2O rich fluids in lithospheric mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 109:633–644
Bradley AS, Summons RE (2010) Multiple origins of methane at the Lost City hydrothermal field. Earth Planet Sci Lett 297:34–41
Brandriss ME, O’Neil JR, Edlund MB, Stoermer EF (1998) Oxygen isotope fractionation between diatomaceous silica and water. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62:1119–1125
Brenninkmeijer CAM (1993) Measurement of the abundance of 14CO in the atmosphere and the 13C/12C and 18O/16O ratio of atmospheric CO with applications in New Zealand and Australia. J Geophys Res 98:10595–10614
Brenninkmeijer CAM, Lowe DC, Manning MR, Sparks RJ, van Velthoven PFJ (1995) The 13C, 14C and 18O isotopic composition of CO, CH4 and CO2 in the higher southern latitudes and lower stratosphere. J Geophys Res 100:26163–26172
Brenninkmeijer CAM, Janssen C, Kaiser J, Röckmann T, Rhee TS, Assonov SS (2003) Isotope effects in the chemistry of atmospheric trace compounds. Chem Rev 103:5125–5161
Bridgestock LJ, Williams H et al (2014) Unlocking the zinc isotope systematics of iron meteorites. Earth Planet Sci Lett 400:153–164
Broecker WS (1974) Chemical oceanography. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York
Brüchert V, Pratt LM (1996) Contemporaneous early diagenetic formation of organic and inorganic sulfur in estuarine sediments from the St Andrew Bay, Florida, USA. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:2325–2332
Brumsack HJ, Zuleger E, Gohn E, Murray RW (1992) Stable and radiogenic isotopes in pore waters from Leg 1217, Japan Sea. Proc Ocean Drill Program 127(128):635–649
Brunner B, Bernasconi SM, Kleikemper J, Schroth MH (2005) A model of oxygen and sulfur isotope fractionation in sulfate during bacterial sulfate reduction. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:4773–4785
Bryant JD, Koch PL, Froelich PN, Showers WJ, Genna BJ (1996) Oxygen isotope partitioning between phosphate and carbonate in mammalian apatite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:5145–5148
Buhl D, Neuser RD, Richter DK, Riedel D, Roberts B, Strauss H, Veizer J (1991) Nature and nurture: environmental isotope story of the river Rhine. Naturwissenschaften 78:337–346
Burdett JW, Arthur MA, Richardson A (1989) A Neogene seawater sulfate isotope age curve from calcareous pelagic microfossils. Earth Planet Sci Lett 94:189–198
Burke A, Adkins JF et al (2013) Constraining the modern riverine sulphur isotope budget. Abstr VM Goldschmidt Conf
Burruss RC, Laughrey CD (2010) Carbon and hydrogen isotope reversal in deep basin gas: evidence for limits to the stability of hydrocarbons. Org Geochem 41:1285–1296
Butler IB, Archer C, Vance D, Oldroyd A, Rickard D (2005) Fe isotope fractionation on FeS formation in ambient aqueous solution. Earth Planet Sci Lett 236:430–442
Cabral RA, Jackson MG, Rose-Koga EF, Koga KT, Whitehouse MJ, Antonelli MA, Farquhar J, Day JM, Hauri EH (2013) Anomaleous sulphur isotopes in plume lavas reveal deep mantle storage of Archaean crust. Nature 496:490–493
Calmels D, Gaillerdet J, Brenot A, France-Lanord C (2007) Sustained sulfide oxidation by physical erosion processes in the Mackenzie River basin: climatic perspectives. Geology 35:1003–1006
Cameron EM (1982) Sulphate and sulphate reduction in early Precambrian oceans. Nature 296:145–148
Cameron EM, Hall GEM, Veizer J, Krouse HR (1995) Isotopic and elemental hydrogeochemistry of a major river system: Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada. Chem Geol 122:149–169
Canfield DE, Teske A (1996) Late Proterozoic rise in atmospheric oxygen concentration inferred from phylogenetic and sulphur-isotope studies. Nature 382:127–132
Canfield DE, Thamdrup B (1994) The production of 34S depleted sulfide during bacterial disproportion to elemental sulfur. Science 266:1973–1975
Cartigny P (2005) Stable isotopes and the origin of diamond. Elements 1:79–84
Cartigny P (2010) Mantle-related carbonados? Geochemical insights from diamonds from the Dachine komatiite (French Guiana). Earth Planet Sci Lett 296:329–339
Cartigny P, Marty B (2013) Nitrogen isotopes and mantle geodynamics: the emergence of life and the atmosphere-crust-mantle connection. Elements 9:359–366
Cartigny P, Boyd SR, Harris JW, Javoy M (1997) Nitrogen isotopes in peridotitic diamonds from Fuxian, China: the mantle signature. Terra Nova 9:175–179
Cartigny P, Harris JW, Javoy M (1998) Subduction related diamonds? The evidence for a mantle-derived origin from coupled delta 13C - delta 15N determinations. Chem Geol 147:147–159
Cartigny P, Palot M, Thomassot E, Harris JW (2014) Diamond formation: a stable isotope perspective. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 42:699–732
Cartwright I, Valley JW (1991) Steep oxygen isotope gradients at marble-metagranite contacts in the NW Adirondacks Mountains, N.Y. Earth Planet Sci Lett 107:148–163
Cerling TE (1991) Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere: evidence from Cenozoic and Mesozoic paleosols. Am J Sci 291:377–400
Cerling TE, Sharp ZD (1996) Stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of fossil tooth enamel using laser ablation. Palaeo Palaeo Palaeoecol 126:173–186
Cerling TE, Brown FH, Bowman JR (1985) Low-temperature alteration of volcanic glass: hydration, Na, K, 18O and Ar mobility. Chem Geol 52:281–293
Cerling TE, Wang Y, Quade J (1993) Expansion of C4 ecosystems as an indicator of global ecological change in the late Miocene. Nature 361:344–345
Cerling TE, Harris JM, MacFadden BJ, Leakey MG, Quade J, Eisenmann V, Ehleringer JR (1997) Global vegetation change through the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Nature 389:153–158
Chakrabarti R, Knoll AH, Jacobsen SB, Fischer WW (2012) Si isotope variability in Proterozoic cherts. Geochim Cosmochim Acta (in press)
Chamberlain CP, Poage MA (2000) Reconstructing the paleotopography of mountain belts from the isotopic composition of authigenic minerals. Geology 28:115–118
Chapligin B, Leng MJ et al (2011) Inter-laboratory comparison of oxygen isotope compositions from biogenic silica. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 75:7242–7256
Chaussidon M, Marty B (1995) Primitive boron isotope composition of the mantle. Science 269:383–386
Chaussidon M, Albarede F, Sheppard SMF (1987) Sulphur isotope heterogeneity in the mantle from ion microprobe measurements of sulphide inclusions in diamonds. Nature 330:242–244
Chaussidon M, Albarede F, Sheppard SMF (1989) Sulphur isotope variations in the mantle from ion microprobe analysis of microsulphide inclusions. Earth Planet Sci Lett 92:144–156
Chazot G, Lowry D, Menzies M, Mattey D (1997) Oxygen isotope compositions of hydrous and anhydrous mantle peridotites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:161–169
Chen H, Savage PS, Teng FZ, Helz RT, Moynier F (2013) Zinc isotopic fractionation during magmatic differentiation and the isotopic composition of bulk Earth. Earth Planet Sci Lett 369–370:34–42
Chiba H, Sakai H (1985) Oxygen isotope exchange rate between dissolved sulphate and water at hydrothermal temperatures. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 49:993–1000
Chivas AR, Andrew AS, Sinha AK, O’Neil JR (1982) Geochemistry of Pliocene-Pleistocene oceanic arc plutonic complex, Guadalcanal. Nature 300:139–143
Ciais P, Tans PP, Trolier M, White JWC, Francey RJ (1995) A large northern hemisphere terrestrial CO2 sink indicated by the 13C/12C ratio of atmospheric CO2. Science 269:1098–1102
Cifuentes LA, Fogel ML, Pennock JR, Sharp JR (1989) Biogeochemical factors that influence the stable nitrogen isotope ratio of dissolved ammonium in the Delaware Estuary. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:2713–2721
Claypool GE, Holser WT, Kaplan IR, Sakai H, Zak I (1980) The age curves of sulfur and oxygen isotopes in marine sulfate and their mutual interpretation. Chem Geol 28:199–260
Clayton RN (2002) Self-shielding in the solar nebula. Nature 451:860–861
Clayton RN (2004) Oxygen isotopes in meteorites. In: Treatise on geochemistry, vol 1. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 129–142
Clayton RN, Mayeda TK (1996) Oxygen isotope studies of achondrites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:1999–2017
Clayton RN, Mayeda TK (1999) Oxygen isotope studies of carbonaceous chondrites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:2089–2104
Clayton DD, Nittler LR (2004) Astrophysics with presolar stardust. Ann Rev Astron Astrophys 42:39–78
Clayton RN, Steiner A (1975) Oxygen isotope studies of the geothermal system at Warakei, New Zealand. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 39:1179–1186
Clayton RN, Friedman I, Graf DL, Mayeda TK, Meents WF, Shimp NF (1966) The origin of saline formation waters. 1. Isotopic composition. J Geophys Res 71:3869–3882
Clayton RN, Muffler LJP, White (1968) Oxygen isotope study of calcite and silicates of the River Branch No. I well, Salton Sea Geothermal Field, California. Am J Sci 266:968–979
Clayton RN, Grossman L, Mayeda TK (1973a) A component of primitive nuclear composition in carbonaceous meteorites. Science 182:485–488
Clayton RN, Hurd JM, Mayeda TK (1973b) Oxygen isotopic compositions of Apollo 15, 16 and 17 samples and their bearing on lunar origin and petrogenesis. In: Proceedings of 4th lunar Science Conference, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta Supplement, vol 2, pp 1535–1542
Cliff SS, Thiemens MH (1997) The 18O/16O and 17O/16O ratios in atmospheric nitrous oxide: a mass independent anomaly. Science 278:1774–1776
Cliff SS, Brenninkmeijer CAM, Thiemens MH (1999) First measurement of the 18O/16O and 17O/16O ratios in stratospheric nitrous oxide: a mass-independent anomaly. J Geophys Res 104:16171–16175
Cline JD, Kaplan IR (1975) Isotopic fractionation of dissolved nitrate during denitrification in the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean. Mar Chem 3:271–299
Clor LE, Fischer TP, Hilton DR, Sharp ZD, Hartono U (2005) Volatile and N isotope chemistry of the Molucca Sea collision zone: tracing source components along the Sangihe arc, Indonesia. Geochem Geophys Geosys 6:Q03J14. doi:10.1029/2004GC00825
Cobert F, Schmitt AD, Bourgeade P, Labolle F, Badot PM, Chabaux F, Stille P (2011) Experimental identification of Ca isotopic fractionations in higher plants. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 75:5467–5482
Cohen AS, Al Coe, Kemp DB (2007) The Late-Paleocene-Early Eocene and Toarcian (Early Jurassic) carbon isotope excursions: a comparison of their time scales, associated environmental changes, causes and consequences. J Geol Soc 164:1093–1108
Cole JE, Fairbanks RG (1990) The southern oscillation recorded in the δ18O of corals from Tarawa atoll. Paleoceanography 5:669–683
Cole JE, Fairbanks RG, Shen GT (1993) The spectrum of recent variability in the southern oscillation: results from a Tarawa atoll. Science 260:1790–1793
Colman AS, Blake RE, Karl DM, Fogel ML, Turekian KK (2005) Marine phosphate oxygen isotopes and organic matter remineralization in the oceans. PNAS 102:13023–13028
Connolly CA, Walter LM, Baadsgaard H, Longstaffe F (1990) Origin and evolution of formation fluids, Alberta Basin, western Canada sedimentary basin: II. Isotope systematics and fluid mixing. Appl Geochem 5:397–414
Cook N, Hoefs J (1997) Sulphur isotope characteristics of metamorphosed Cu-(Zn) volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits in the Norwegian Caledonides. Chem Geol 135:307–324
Cooper KM, Eiler JM, Asimov PD, Langmuir CH (2004) Oxygen isotope evidence for the origin of enriched mantle beneath the mid-Atlantic ridge. Earth Planet Sci Lett 220:297–316
Coplen TB (2007) Calibration of the calcite-water oxygen-isotope geothermometer at Devils Hole, Nevada, a natural laboratory. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 71:3948–3957
Coplen TB, Hanshaw BB (1973) Ultrafiltration by a compacted clay membrane. I. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic fractionation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 37:2295–2310
Cortecci G, Longinelli A (1970) Isotopic composition of sulfate in rain water, Pisa, Italy. Earth Planet Sci Lett 8:36–40
Craddock PR, Dauphas N (2010) Iron isotopic compositions of geological reference materials and chondrites. Geostand Geoanal Res 35:101–123
Craddock PR, Warren JM, Dauphas N (2013) Abyssal peridotites reveal the near-chondritic Fe isotope composition of the Earth. Earth Planet Sci Lett 365:63–76
Craig H (1953) The geochemistry of the stable carbon isotopes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 3:53–92
Craig H (1961) Isotopic variations in meteoric waters. Science 133:1702–1703
Craig H, Gordon L (1965) Deuterium and oxygen-18 variations in the ocean and the marine atmosphere. In: Symposium on marine geochemistry. Graduate School of Oceanography, vol 3. University of Rhode Island, OCC Publications, p 277
Craig H, Boato G, White DE (1956) Isotopic geochemistry of thermal waters. In: Proceedings of 2nd Conference on Nuclear Process Geological Settings, p 29
Craig H, Chou CC, Welhan JA, Stevens CM, Engelkemeier A (1988) The isotopic composition of methane in polar ice cores. Science 242:1535–1539
Criss RE, Taylor HP (1986) Meteoric-hydrothermal systems. Stable isotopes in high temperature geological processes. Rev Mineral 16:373–424
Criss RE, Champion DE, McIntyre DH (1985) Oxygen isotope, aeromagnetic and gravity anomalies associated with hydrothermally altered zones in the Yankee Fork Mining District, Custer County, Idaho. Econ Geol 80:1277–1296
Criss RE, Fleck RJ, Taylor HP (1991) Tertiary meteoric hydrothermal systems and their relation to ore deposition, Northwestern United States and Southern British Columbia. J Geophys Res 96:133335–13356
Crowson RA, Showers WJ, Wright EK, Hoering TC (1991) Preparation of phosphate samples for oxygen isotope analysis. Anal Chem 63:2397–2400
Curry WB, Duplessy JC, Labeyrie LD, Shackleton NJ (1988) Quaternary deep-water circulation changes in the distribution of δ13C of deep water ΣCO2 between the last glaciation and the Holocene. Paleoceanography 3:317–342
Cypionka H, Smock A, Böttcher MA (1998) A combined pathway of sulfur compound disproportionation in Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 166:181–186
D‘Errico ME, Lackey JS, Surpless BE, Loewy SL, Wooden JL, Barnes JD, Strickland A, Valley JW (2012) A detailed record of shallow hydrothermal fluid flow in the Sierra Nevada magmatic arc from low-d18O skarn garnets. Geology 40:763–766
Daeron M, Guo W et al (2011) !3C18O clumping in speleothems: observations from natural caves and precipitation experiments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 75:3303–3317
Dansgaard W (1964) Stable isotope in precipitation. Tellus 16:436–468
Dansgaard W et al (1993) Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250 kyr ice-core record. Nature 364:218–220
Dauphas N, Marty B (1999) Heavy nitrogen in carbonatites of the Kola peninsula: a possible signature of the deep mantle. Science 286:2488–2490
De Hoog JCM, Taylor BE, Van Bergen MJ (2009) Hydrogen-isotope systematics in degassing basaltic magma and application to Indonesian arc basalts. Chem Geol 266:256–266
De La Rocha CL, De Paolo DJ (2000) Isotopic evidence for variations in the marine calcium cycle over the Cenozoic. Science 289:1176–1178
De Moor JM, Fischer TP et al (2013) Sulfur degassing at Erta Ale (Ethiopia) and Masaya (Nicaragua) volcanoes: implications for degassing processes and oxygen fugacities of basaltic systems. Geochem Geophys Geosys 14(10). doi:10.102/ggge.20255
De Moor JM, Fischer TP, Sharp ZD, Hauri EH, Hilton DR, Atudorei V (2010) Sulfur isotope fractionation during the May 2003 eruption of Anatahan volcano, Mariana Islands: implications for sulfur sources and plume processes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74:5382–5397
De Souza GF, Reynolds BC, Johnson GC, Bullister JL, Bourdon B (2012a) Southern Ocean control of silicon stable isotope distribution in the deep Atlantic Ocean. Global Biogeochem Cycl 26:GB2035. doi:10.1029/2011GB004141
Degens ET, Epstein S (1962) Relationship between 18O/16O ratios in coexisting carbonates, cherts and diatomites. Bull Am Assoc Pet Geol 46:534–535
Deines P (1980) The isotopic composition of reduced organic carbon. In: Fritz P, Fontes JC (eds) Handbook of environmental geochemistry, Vol l. Elsevier, New York Amsterdam, pp 239–406
Deines P (1989) Stable isotope variations in carbonatites. In: Carbonatites, genesis and evolution, K.Bell (ed) Unwin Hyman, London 619p
Deines P, Gold DP (1973) The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 37:1709–1733
Deines P, Haggerty SE (2000) Small-scale oxygen isotope variations and petrochemistry of ultradeep (>300 km) and transition zone xenoliths. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64:117–131
Deines P, Gurney JJ, Harris JW (1984) Associated chemical and carbon isotopic composition variations in diamonds from Finsch and Premier Kimberlite, South Africa. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:325–342
Delaygue G, Jouzel J, Dutay JC (2000) Oxygen-18 - salinity relationship simulated by an oceanic general simulation model. Earth Planet Sci Lett 178:113–123
Deloule E, Robert F (1995) Interstellar water in meteorites? Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:4695–4706
Deloule E, Albarede F, Sheppard SMF (1991) Hydrogen isotope heterogeneities in the mantle from ionprobe analysis of amphiboles from ultramafic rocks. Earth Planet Sci Lett 105:543–553
Deloule E, Robert F, Doukhan JC (1998) Interstellar hydroxyl in meteoritic chondrules: implications for the origin of water in the inner solar system. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62:3367–3378
DeNiro MJ, Epstein S (1978) Influence of diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 42:495–506
DeNiro MJ, Epstein S (1979) Relationship between the oxygen isotope ratios of terrestrial plant cellulose, carbon dioxide and water. Science 204:51–53
DeNiro MJ, Epstein S (1981) Isotopic composition of cellulose from aquatic organisms. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 45:1885–1894
Dennis KJ, Schrag DP (2010) Clumped isotope thermometry of carbonatites as an indicator of diagenetic alteration. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74:4110–4122
Dennis PF, Rowe PJ, Atkinson TC (2001) The recovery and isotopic measurement of water from fluid inclusions in speleothems. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65:871–884
Derry LA, Kaufmann AJ, Jacobsen SB (1992) Sedimentary cycling and environmental change in the Late Proterozoic: evidence from stable and radiogenic isotopes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:1317–1329
Des Marais DJ (2001) Isotopic evolution of the biogeochemical carbon cycle during the Precambrian. In: Valley J, Cole D (eds) Stable isotope geochemistry. Rev Mineralogy 43:555–578
Des Marais DJ, Moore JG (1984) Carbon and its isotopes in mid-oceanic basaltic glasses. Earth Planet Sci Lett 69:43–57
Deutsch S, Ambach W, Eisner H (1966) Oxygen isotope study of snow and firn of an Alpine glacier. Earth Planet Sci Lett 1:197–201
Dickens GR (2003) Rethinking the global carbon cycle with a large dynamic and micrmediated gas hydrate capacitor. Earth Planet Sci Lett 213:169–182
Dickson JAD, Coleman ML (1980) Changes in carbon and oxygen isotope composition during limestone diagenesis. Sedimentology 27:107–118
Dickson JAD, Smalley PC, Raheim A, Stijfhoorn DE (1990) Intracrystalline carbon and oxygen isotope variations in calcite revealed by laser micro-sampling. Geology 18:809–811
Dietzel M, Tang J, Leis A, Köhler SJ (2009) Oxygen isotopic fractionation during inorganic calcite precipitation—effects of temperature, precipitation rate and pH. Chem Geol 268:107–115
Dipple GM, Ferry JM (1992) Fluid flow and stable isotope alteration in rocks at elevated temperatures with applications to metamorphism. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:3539–3550
Dobson PF, O’Neil JR (1987) Stable isotope composition and water contents of boninite series volcanic rocks from Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan. Earth Planet Sci Lett 82:75–86
Dobson PF, Epstein S, Stolper EM (1989) Hydrogen isotope fractionation between coexisting vapor and silicate glasses and melts at low pressure. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:2723–2730
Dodd JP, Sharp ZD (2010) A laser fluorination method for oxygen isotope analysis of biogenic silica and a new oxygen isotope calibration of modern diatoms in freshwater environments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74:1381–1390
Dodd JP, Sharp ZD, Fawcett PJ, Brearley AJ, McCubbin FM (2013) Rapid post-mortem maturation of diatom silica oxygen isotope values. Geochem Geophys Geosys 13(9). doi:10.1029/2011GC004019
Dodson MH (1973) Closure temperature in cooling geochronological and petrological systems. Contr Mineral Petrol 40:259–274
Dole M, Lange GA, Rudd DP, Zaukelies DA (1954) Isotopic composition of atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 6:65–78
Donahue TM, Hoffman JH, Hodges RD, Watson AJ (1982) Venus was wet: a measurement of the ratio of deuterium to hydrogen. Science 216:630–633
Dorendorf F, Wiechert U, Wörner G (2000) Hydrated sub-arc mantle: a source for the Kluchevskoy volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Earth Planet Sci Lett 175:69–86
Drake MJ, Righter K (2002) Determining the composition of the Earth. Nature 416:39–44
Driesner T (1997) The effect of pressure on deuterium-hydrogen fractionation in high-temperature water. Science 277:791–794
Driesner T, Seward TM (2000) Experimental and simulation study of salt effects and pressure/density effects on oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope liquid-vapor fractionation for 4–5 molal aqueous NaCl and KCl solutions to 400 °C. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64:1773–1784
Dunbar RB, Wellington GM, Colgan MW, Glynn PW (1994) Eastern sea surface temperature since 1600 A.D.: The δ18O record of climate variability in Galapagos corals. Paleoceanography 9:291–315
Duplessy JC, Shackleton NJ, Fairbanks RG, Labeyrie L, Oppo D, Kallel N (1988) Deepwater source variations during the last climatic cycle and their impact on the global circulation. Paleoceanography 3:343–360
Durka W, Schulze ED, Gebauer G, Voerkelius S (1994) Effects of forest decline on uptake and leaching of deposited nitrate determined from 15N and 18O measurements. Nature 372:765–767
Ehhalt D, Rohrer F (2009) The tropospheric cycle of H2: a critical review. Tellus 61:500–535
Eiler JM (2007) The study of naturally-occuring multiply-substituted isotopologues. Earth Planet Sci Lett 262:309–327
Eiler JM (2013) The isotopic anatomies of molecules and minerals. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 41:411–441
Eiler JM, Kitchen N (2004) Hydrogen isotope evidence for the origin and evolution of the carbonaceous chondrites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68:1395–1411
Eiler JM, Baumgartner LP, Valley JW (1992) Intercrystalline stable isotope diffusion: a fast grain boundary model. Contr Mineral Petrol 112:543–557
Eiler JM, Valley JW, Baumgartner LP (1993) A new look at stable isotope thermometry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:2571–2583
Eiler JM, Farley KA, Valley JW, Hofmann A, Stolper EM (1996) Oxygen isotope constraints on the sources of Hawaiian volcanism. Earth Planet Sci Lett 144:453–468
Eiler JM, Crawford A, Elliott T, Farley KA, Valley JW, Stolper EM (2000) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of oceanic-arc lavas. J Petrol 41:229–256
Eiler JM, Stolper EM, McCanta M (2011) Intra- and interc rystalline oxygen isotope variations in minerals from basalts and peridotites. J Petrol 52:1393–1413
Eiler JM et al (2014) Frontiers of stable isotope geoscience. Chem Geol 372:119–143
Eldridge CS, Compston W, Williams IS, Both RA, Walshe JL, Ohmoto H (1988) Sulfur isotope variability in sediment hosted massive sulfide deposits as determined using the ion microprobe SHRIMP. I. An example from the Rammelsberg ore body. Econ Geol 83:443–449
Eldridge CS, Compston W, Williams IS, Harris JW, Bristow JW (1991) Isotopic evidence for the involvement of recycled sediments in diamond formation. Nature 353:649–653
Eldridge CS, Williams IS, Walshe JL (1993) Sulfur isotope variability in sediment hosted massive sulfide deposits as determined using the ion microprobe SHRIMP. II. A study of the H.Y.C. deposit at McArthur River, Northern Territory, Australia. Econ Geol 88:1–26
Elkins LJ, Fischer TP, Hilton DR, Sharp ZD, McKnight S, Walker J (2006) Tracing nitrogen in volcanic and geothermal volatiles from the Nicaraguan volcanic front. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 70:5215–5235
Elliot M, Labeyrie L, Duplessy JC (2002) Changes in North Atlantic deep-water formation associated with the Dansgaard-Oeschger temperature oscillations (60–10 ka). Quat Sci Rev 21:1153–1165
Elliott T, Jeffcoate AB, Bouman C (2004) The terrestrial Li isotope cycle: light-weight constraints on mantle convection. Earth Planet Sci Lett 220:231–245
Emiliani C (1955) Pleistocene temperatures. J Geol 63:538–578
Emiliani C (1978) The cause of the ice ages. Earth Planet Sci Lett 37:349–354
Engel MH, Macko SA, Silfer JA (1990) Carbon isotope composition of individual amino acids in the Murchison meteorite. Nature 348:47–49
Epica community members (2004) Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core. Nature 429:623–628
Epstein S, Yapp CJ, Hall JH (1976) The determination of the D/H ratio of non-exchangeable hydrogen in cellulose extracted from aquatic and land plants. Earth Planet Sci Lett 30:241–251
Epstein S, Thompson P, Yapp CJ (1977) Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic ratios in plant cellulose. Science 198:1209–1215
Epstein S, Krishnamurthy RV, Cronin JR, Pizzarello S, Yuen GU (1987) Unusual stable isotope ratios in amino acid and carboxylic acid extracts from the Murchison meteorite. Nature 326:477–479
Erez J, Luz B (1983) Experimental paleotemperature equation for planktonic foraminifera. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 47:1025–1031
Eslinger EV, Savin SM (1973) Oxygen isotope geothermometry of the burial metamorphic rocks of the Precambrian Belt Supergroup, Glacier National Park, Montana. Bull Geol Soc Am 84:2549–2560
Estep MF, Hoering TC (1980) Biogeochemistry of the stable hydrogen isotopes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 44:1197–1206
Etiope G, Schoell M (2014) Abiotic gas: atypical, but not rare. Elements 10:291–296
Etiope G, Sherwood-Lollar B (2013) Abiotic methane on Earth. Rev Geophys 51:276–299
Evans BW, Hattori K, Baronnet A (2013) Serpentinite: what, why where? Elements 9:99–106
Exley RA, Mattey DP, Boyd SR, Pillinger CT (1987) Nitrogen isotope geochemistry of basaltic glasses: implications for mantle degassing and structure. Earth Planet Sci Lett 81:163–174
Fairbanks RG (1989) A 17000 year glacio-eustatic sea level record: influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas event and deep ocean circulation. Nature 342:637–642
Fantle MS (2010) Evaluating the Ca isotope proxy. Am J Sci 310:194–210
Fantle MS, De Paolo DJ (2005) Variations in the marine Ca cycle over the past 20 million years. Earth Planet Sci Lett 237:102–117
Farkas J, Buhl D, Blenkinsop J, Veizer J (2007) Evolution of the oceanic calcium cycle during the late Mesozoic: evidence from δ44/40 Ca of marine skeletal carbonates. Earth Planet Sci Lett 253:96–111
Farquhar J, Thiemens MH (2000) The oxygen cycle of the Martian atmosphere-regolith system: Δ17Ο of secondary phases in Nakhla and Lafayette. J Geophys Res 105:11991–11998
Farquhar GD et al (1993) Vegetation effects on the isotope composition of oxygen in atmospheric CO2. Nature 363:439–443
Farquhar J, Chacko T, Ellis DJ (1996) Preservation of oxygen isotopic compositions in granulites from Northwestern Canada and Enderby Land, Antarctica: implications for high-temperature isotopic thermometry. Contr Mineral Petrol 125:213–224
Farquhar J, Thiemens MH, Jackson T (1998) Atmosphere-surface interactions on Mars: Δ17Ο measurements of carbonate from ALH 84001. Science 280:1580–1582
Farquhar J, Bao H, Thiemens M (2000) Atmospheric influence of Earth’s earliest sulfur cycle. Science 289:756–759
Farquhar J, Wing B, McKeegan KD, Harris JW (2002) Insight into crust-mantle coupling from anomalous Δ33S of sulfide inclusions in diamonds. Geochim Cosmochim Acta Spec Suppl 66:A225
Farquhar J, Johnston DT, Wing BA, Habicht KS, Canfield DE, Airieau S, Thiemens MH (2003) Multiple sulphur isotope interpretations for biosynthetic pathways: implications for biological signatures in the sulphur isotope record. Geobiology 1:27–36
Farquhar J, Kim ST, Masterson A (2007) Implications from sulfur isotopes of the Nakhla meteorite for the origin of sulfate on Mars. Earth Planet Sci Lett 264:1–8
Ferry JM (1992) Regional metamorphism of the Waits River Formation: delineation of a new type of giant hydrothermal system. J Petrol 33:45–94
Ferry JM, Dipple GM (1992) Models for coupled fluid flow, mineral reaction and isotopic alteration during contact metamorphism: the Notch Peak aureole, Utah. Am Mineral 77:577–591
Ferry JM, Passey BH, Vasconcelos C, Eiler JM (2011) Formation of dolomite at 40–80 °C in the Latemar carbonate buildup, Dolomites, Italy from clumped isotope thermometry. Geology 39:571–574
Ferry JM, Kitajima K, Strickland A, Valley JW (2014) Ion microprobe survey of the grain-scale oxygen isotope geochemistry of minerals in metamorphic rocks. Geochim Cosmochim Acta (in press)
Fiebig J, Chiodini G, Caliro S, Rizzo A, Spangenberg J, Hunziker JC (2004) Chemical and isotopic equilibrium between CO2 and CH4 in fumarolic gas discharges: generation of CH4 in arc magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68:2321–2334
Field CW, Gustafson LB (1976) Sulfur isotopes in the porphyry copper deposit at El Salvador, Chile. Econ Geol 71:1533–1548
Fiorentini E, Hoernes S, Hoffbauer R, Vitanage PW (1990) Nature and scale of fluid-rock exchange in granulite-grade rocks of Sri Lanka: a stable isotope study. In: Vielzeuf D, Vidal Ph (eds) Granulites and crustal evolution. Kluwer Dordrecht, pp 311–338
Fischer TP, Giggenbach WF, Sano Y, Williams SN (1998) Fluxes and sources of volatiles discharged from Kudryavy, a subduction zone volcano, Kurile Islands. Earth Planet Sci Lett 160:81–96
Fischer TP, Hilton DR, Zimmer MM, Shaw AM, Sharp ZD, Walker JA (2002) Subduction and recycling of nitrogen along the Central American margin. Science 297:1154–1157
Fittoussi C, Bourdon B, Kleine T, Oberli F, Reynolds BC (2009) Si isotope systematics of meteorites and terrestrial peridotites: implications for Mg/Si fractionation in the solar nebula and for Si in the Earth’s core. Earth Planet Sci Lett 287:77–85
Fogel ML, Cifuentes LA (1993) Isotope fractionation during primary production. In: Engel MH, Macko SA (eds) Organic Geochemistry, Plenum Press, pp 73–98
Francey RJ, Tans PP (1987) Latitudinal variation in oxygen-18 of atmospheric CO2. Nature 327:495–497
Franchi IA, Wright IP, Sexton AS, Pillinger T (1999) The oxygen isotopic composition of Earth and Mars. Meteorit Planet Sci 34:657–661
Franz HB et al (2014) Isotopic links between atmospheric chemistry and the deep sulphur cycle on Mars. Nature 508:364–368
Frape SK, Fritz P (1987) Geochemical trends from groundwaters from the Canadian Shield. In: Fritz P, Frape SK (eds) Saline water and gases in crystalline rocks, Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper, vol 33. pp 19–38
Frape SK, Fritz P, McNutt RH (1984) Water-rock interaction and chemistry of groundwaters from the Canadian Shield. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:1617–1627
Freeman KH, Hayes JM (1992) Fractionation of carbon isotopes by phytoplankton and estimates of ancient CO2 levels. Global Biogeochem Cycles 6:185–198
Freeman KH, Hayes JM, Trendel JM, Albrecht P (1990) Evidence from carbon isotope measurements for diverse origins of sedimentary hydrocarbons. Nature 343:254–256
Frei R, Gaucher C, Poulton SW, Canfield DE (2009) Fluctuations in Precambrian atmospheric oxygenation recorded by chromium isotopes. Nature 461:250–253
Freyer HD (1979) On the 13C-record in tree rings. I. 13C variations in northern hemisphere trees during the last 150 years. Tellus 31:124–137
Freyer HD, Belacy N (1983) 13C/12C records in northern hemispheric trees during the past 500 years—anthropogenic impact and climatic superpositions. J Geophys Res 88:6844–6852
Fricke HC, O’Neil JR (1999) The correlation between 18O/16O ratios of meteoric water and surface temperature: its use in investigating terrestrial climate change over geologic time. Earth Planet Sci Lett 170:181–196
Fricke HC, Wickham SM, O’Neil JR (1992) Oxygen and hydrogen isotope evidence for meteoric water infiltration during mylonitization and uplift in the Ruby Mountains—East Humboldt Range core complex, Nevada. Contr Mineral Petrol 111:203–221
Fricke HC, Clyde WC, O’Neil JR (1998a) Intra-tooth variations in δ18O (PO4) of mammalian tooth enamel as a record of seasonal variations in continental climate variables. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62:1839–1850
Fricke HC, Clyde WC, O’Neil JR, Gingerich PD (1998b) Evidence for rapid climate change in North America during the latest Paleocene thermal maximum: oxygen isotope compositions of biogenic phosphate from the Bighorn Basin (Wyoming). Earth Planet Sci Lett 160:193–208
Friedman I, Scholz TG (1974) Isotopic composition of atmospheric hydrogen (1967–1969). J Geophys Res 79:785–788
Fripiat F, Cavagna AJ, Delairs F, de Brauwere A, Andre L, Cardinal D (2012) Processes controlling the Si isotopic composition in the Southern Ocean and application for paleoceanography. Biogeosciences 9:2443–2457
Frost CD, von Blanckenburg F, Schoenberg R, Frost BR, Swapp SM (2007) Preservation of Fe isotope heterogeneities during diagenesis and metamorphism of banded iron formation. Contr Mineral Petrol 153:211–235
Fry B (1988) Food web structure on Georges Bank from stable C, N and S isotopic compositions. Limnol Oceanogr 3:1182–1190
Fu Q, Sherwood Lollar B, horita J, Lacrampe-Couloume G, Seyfried WE (2007) Abiotic formation of hydrocarbons under hydrothermal conditions: constraints from chemical and isotope data. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 71:1982–1998
Gagan MK, Ayliffe LK, Beck JW, Cole JE, Druffel ER, Schrag DP (2000) New views of tropical paleoclimates from corals. Quat Sci Rev 19:45–64
Galimov EM (1985) The relation between formation conditions and variations in isotope compositions of diamonds. Geochem Int 22(1):118–141
Galimov EM (1988) Sources and mechanisms of formation of gaseous hydrocarbons in sedimentary rocks. Chem Geol 71:77–95
Galimov EM (1991) Isotopic fractionation related to kimberlite magmatism and diamond formation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55:1697–1708
Galimov EM (2006) Isotope organic geochemistry. Org Geochem 37:1200–1262
Gao X, Thiemens MH (1993a) Isotopic composition and concentration of sulfur in carbonaceous chondrites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:3159–3169
Gao X, Thiemens MH (1993b) Variations of the isotopic composition of sulfur in enstatite and ordinary chondrites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:3171–3176
Gao Y, Hoefs J, Przybilla R, Snow JE (2006) A complete oxygen isotope profile through the lower oceanic crust, ODP hole 735B. Chem Geol 233:217–234
Garlick GD, Epstein S (1967) Oxygen isotope ratios in coexisting minerals of regionally metamorphosed rocks. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 31:181
Gat JR (1971) Comments on the stable isotope method in regional groundwater investigation. Water Resour Res 7:980
Gat JR (1984) The stable isotope composition of Dead Sea waters. Earth Planet Sci Lett 71:361–376
Gat JR, Issar A (1974) Desert isotope hydrology: water sources of the Sinai desert. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 38:1117–11131
Georg RB, Reynolds BC, Frank M, Halliday AN (2006) Mechanisms controlling the silicon isotopic compositions of river water. Earth Planet Sci Lett 249:290–306
Georg RB, Halliday AN, Schauble EA, Reynolds BC (2007) Silicon in the Earth’s core. Nature 447:1102–1106
Gerdes ML, Baumgartner LP, Person M, Rumble D (1995) One- and two-dimensional models of fluid flow and stable isotope exchange at an outcrop in the Adamello contact aureole, Southern Alps, Italy. Am Mineral 80:1004–1019
Gerlach TM, Taylor BE (1990) Carbon isotope constraints on degassing of carbon dioxide from Kilauea volcano. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54:2051–2058
Gerlach TM, Thomas DM (1986) Carbon and sulphur isotopic composition of Kilauea parental magma. Nature 319:480–483
Geske A, Goldstein RH, Mavromatis V, Richter DK, Buhl D, Kluge T, John CM, Immenhauser A (2015) The magnesium isotope (δ26Mg) signature of dolomites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 149:131–151
Ghosh P et al (2006) 13C-18O bonds in carbonate minerals: a new kind of paleothermometer. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 70:1439–1456
Giggenbach WF (1992) Isotopic shifts in waters from geothermal and volcanic systems along convergent plate boundaries and their origin. Earth Planet Sci Lett 113:495–510
Giletti BJ (1986) Diffusion effect on oxygen isotope temperatures of slowly cooled igneous and metamorphic rocks. Earth Planet Sci Lett 77:218–228
Gilg HA (2000) D/H evidence for the timing of kaolinization in Northeast Bavaria, Germany. Chem Geol 170:5–18
Girard JP, Savin S (1996) Intercrystalline fractionation of oxygen isotopes between hydroxyl and non-hydroxyl sites in kaolinite measured by thermal dehydroxylation and partial fluorination. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:469–487
Given RK, Lohmann KC (1985) Derivation of the original isotopic composition of Permian marine cements. J Sediment Petrol 55:430–439
Goericke R, Fry B (1994) Variations of marine plankton δ13C with latitude, temperature and dissolved CO2 in the world ocean. Global Geochem Cycles 8:85–90
Goldhaber MB, Kaplan IR (1974) The sedimentary sulfur cycle. In: Goldberg EB (ed) The sea, vol IV. Wiley, New York
Goldhammer T, Brunner B, Bernasconi SM, Ferdelman TG, Zabel M (2011) Phosphate oxygen isotopes: insights into sedimentary phosphorus cycling from the Benguela upwelling system. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 75:3741–3756
Gonfiantini R (1986) Environmental isotopes in lake studies. In: Fritz P, Fontes J (eds) Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry, vol 2. Elsevier Publ Co, pp 112–168
Grachev AM, Severinghaus JP (2003) Laboratory determination of thermal diffusion constants for 29N/28N2 in air at temperatures from -60 to 0°C for reconstruction of magnitudes of abrupt climate changes using the ice core fossil-air paleothermometer. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 67:345–360
Grady MM, Pillinger CT (1990) ALH 85085: nitrogen isotope analysis of a highly unusual primitive chondrite. Earth Planet Sci Lett 97:29–40
Grady MM, Pillinger CT (1993) Acfer 182: search for the location of 15N-enriched nitrogen. Earth Planet Sci Lett 116:165–180
Graham S, Pearson N, Jackson S, Griffin W, O‘ Reilly SY (2004) Tracing Cu and Fe from source to porphyry: in situ determination of Cu and Fe isotope ratios in sulfides from the Grasberg Cu-Au deposit. Chem Geol 207:147–169
Grasse P, Ehlert C, Frank M (2013) The influence of water mass mixing on the dissolved Si isotope composition in the eastern Equatorial Pacific. Earth Planet Sci Lett 380:60–71
Green GR, Ohmoto D, Date J, Takahashi T (1983) Whole-rock oxygen isotope distribution in the Fukazawa-Kosaka Area, Hokuroko District, Japan and its potential application to mineral exploration. Econ Geol Monogr 5:395–411
Greenwood JP, Riciputi LR, McSween HY (1997) Sulfide isotopic compositions in shergottites and ALH 84001, and possible implications for life on Mars. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:4449–4453
Greenwood RC, Franchi IA, Jambon A, Barrat JA, Burbine TH (2006) Oxygen isotope variation in stony-iron meteorites. Science 313:1763–1765
Greenwood JP, Itoh S, Sakamoto N, Warren P, Taylor L, Yurimoto H (2011) Hydrogen isotope ratios in lunar rocks indicate delivery of cometary water to the Moon. Nat Geosci 4:79–82
Gregory RT, Taylor HP (1981) An oxygen isotope profile in a section of Cretaceous oceanic crust, Samail Ophiolite, Oman: evidence for δ18O buffering of the oceans by deep (>5 km) seawater-hydrothermal circulation at Mid-Ocean Ridges. J Geophys Res 86:2737–2755
Gregory RT, Taylor HP (1986) Possible non-equilibrium oxygen isotope effects in mantle nodules, an alternative to the Kyser-O, Neil-Carmichael 18O/16O geothermometer. Contr Mineral Petrol 93:114–119
Griffith EM, Paytan A, Kozdon R, Eisenhauer A, Ravelo AC (2008a) Influences on the fractionation of calcium isotopes in planktonic foraminifera. Earth Planet Sci Lett 268:124–136
Griffith EM, Schauble EA, Bullen TD, Paytan A (2008b) Characterization of calcium isotopes in natural and synthetic barite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 72:5641–5658
Griffith EM, Payton A, Caldeira K, Bullen TD, Thomas E (2008c) A dynamic marine calcium cycle during the past 28 million years. Science 322:1671–1674
Grimes CB, Ushikubo T, John BE, Valley JW (2011) Uniformly mantle-like δ18O in zircons from oceanic plagiogranite and gabbros. Contr Mineral Petrol 161:13–33
Grootes PM, Stuiver M, White JWC, Johnsen S, Jouzel J (1993) Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP-2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores. Nature 366:552–554
Grossman EL (1984) Carbon isotopic fractionation in live benthic foraminifera—comparison with inorganic precipitate studies. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:1505–1512
Grottoli AG, Eakin CM (2007) A review of modern coral δ18O and Δ14C proxy records. Earth Sci Rev 81:67–91
Gruber N (1998) Anthropogenic CO2 in the Atlantic Ocean. Global Biogeochem Cycles 12:165–191
Gruber N et al (1999) Spatiotemporal patterns of carbon-13 in the global surface oceans and the oceanic Suess effect: Global Biogeochem Cycles 13: 307–335
Guelke M, von Blanckenburg F (2007) Fractionation of stable iron isotopes in higher plants. Environ Sci Tech 41:1896–1901
Guilbaud R, Butler IB, Ellam RM (2011) Abiotic pyrite formation produces a large Fe isotope fractionation. Science 332:1548–1551
Guo W, Eiler JM (2007) Temperatures of aqueous alteration and evidence for methane generation on the parent bodies of the CM chondrites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 71:5565–5575
Guy RD, Fogel ML, Berry JA (1993) Photosynthetic fractionation of the stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon. Plant Phys 101:37–47
Haack U, Hoefs J, Gohn E (1982) Constraints on the origin of Damaran granites by Rb/Sr and δ18O data. Contrib Mineral Petrol 79:279–289
Hackley KC, Anderson TF (1986) Sulfur isotopic variations in low-sulfur coals from the Rocky Mountain region. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 50:703–1713
Hahm D, Hilton DR, Castillo PR, Hawkins JW, Hanan BB, Hauri EH (2012) An overview of the volatile systematics of the Lau Basin—resolving the effects of source variation, magmatic degassing and crustal contamination. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 85:88–113
Haimson M, Knauth LP (1983) Stepwise fluorination-a useful approach for the isotopic analysis of hydrous minerals. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 47:1589–1595
Halbout J, Robert F, Javoy M (1990) Hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions in kerogen from the Orgueil meteorite: clues to a solar origin. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54:1453–1462
Hallis LJ, Anand M, Greenwood RC, Miller MF, Franchi IA, Russell SS (2010) The oxygen isotope composition, petrology and geochemistry of mare basalts: evidence for large-scale compositional variation in the lunar mantle. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74:6885–6899
Halverson GP, Poitrasson F, Hoffman PE, Nedelec A, Montel JM, Kirby J (2011) Fe isotope and trace element geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic syn-glacial Rapitan iron formation. Earth Planet Sci Lett 309:100–112
Hamza MS, Epstein S (1980) Oxygen isotope fractionation between oxygen of different sites in hydroxyl-bearing silicate minerals. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 44:173–182
Harmon RS, Hoefs J (1995) Oxygen isotope heterogeneity of the mantle deduced from global 18O systematics of basalts from different geotectonic settings. Contr Mineral Petrol 120:95–114
Harmon RS, Hoefs J, Wedepohl KH (1987) Stable isotope (O, H, S) relationships in Tertiary basalts and their mantle xenoliths from the Northern Hessian Depression, W.Germany. Contr Mineral Petrol 95:350–369
Harte B, Otter M (1992) Carbon isotope measurements on diamonds. Chem Geol 101:177–183
Hartmann M, Nielsen H (1969) δ34S-Werte in rezenten Meeressedimenten und ihre Deutung am Beispiel einiger Sedimentprofile aus der westlichen Ostsee. Geol Rundsch 58:621–655
Hauri EH, Wang J, Pearson DG, Bulanova GP (2002) Microanalysis of δ13C, δ15N and N abundances in diamonds by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Chem Geol 185:149–163
Hauri EH, Weinreich T, Saal AE, Rutherford MC, Van Orman JA (2011) High pre-eruptive water contents preserved in melrt inclusions. Science 333:213–215
Hawkesworth CJ, Kemp AIS (2006) Using hafnium and oxygen isotopes in zircons to unravel the record of crustal evolution. Chem Geol 226:144–162
Hayes JM (2001) Fractionation of carbon and hydrogen isotopes in biosynthetic processes. In: Valley JW, Cole DR (eds) Stable isotope geochemistry. Reviews in mineralogy and geochemistry, vol 43. pp 225–277
Hayes JM, Waldbauer JR (2006) The carbon cycle and associated redox processes through time. Phil Trans R Soc B 361:931–950
Hayes JM, Kaplan IR, Wedeking KW (1983) Precambrian organic chemistry, preservation of the record. In: Schopf JW (ed) Earth’s earliest biosphere: its origin and evolution, chap 5. Princeton University Press, pp 93–132
Hayes JM, Popp BN, Takigiku R, Johnson MW (1989) An isotopic study of biogeochemical relationships between carbonates and organic carbon in the Greenhorn Formation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:2961–2972
Hayes JM, Strauss H, Kaufman AJ (1999) The abundance of 13C in marine organic matter and isotopic fractionation in the global biogeochemical cycle of carbon during the past 800 Ma. Chem Geol 161:103–125
Hays PD, Grossman EL (1991) Oxygen isotopes in meteoric calcite cements as indicators of continental paleoclimate. Geology 19:441–444
Hays JD, Imbrie J, Shackleton NJ (1976) Variations in the earth’s orbit: pacemaker of the ice ages. Science 194:943–954
Heaton THE (1986) Isotopic studies of nitrogen pollution in the hydrosphere and atmosphere: a review. Chem Geol 59:87–102
Helman Y, Barkan E, Eisenstadt D, Luz B, Kaplan A (2005) Fractionation of the three stable oxygen isotopes by oxygen producing and consuming reactions in photosynthetic organisms. Plant Phys 2005:2292–2298
Hendy CH, Wilson AT (1968) Paleoclimatic data from speleothems. Nature 219:48–51
Heraty LJ, Fuller ME, Huang L, Abrajano T, Sturchio NC (1999) Isotopic fractionation of carbon and chlorine by microbial degradation of dichlormethane. Org Geochem 30:793–799
Herwarth D, Pack A, Friedrichs B, Bischoff A (2014) Identification of the giant impactor Theia in lunar rocks. Science 344:1146–1150
Hin RC, Schmidt MW, Bourdon B (2012) Experimental evidence for the absence of iron isotope fractionation between metal and silicate liquids at 1GPA and 1250-1300°C and its cosmochemical consequences. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 93:164–181
Hin RC, Fitoussi C, Schmidt MW, Bourdon B (2014) Experimental determination of the Si isotope fractionation factor between liquid metal and liquid silicate. Earth Planet Sci Lett 387:55–66
Hinrichs KU, Hayes JM, Sylva SP, Brewer PG, DeLong EF (1999) Methane-consuming archaebacteria in marine sediments. Nature 398:802–805
Hitchon B, Friedman I (1969) Geochemistry and origin of formation waters in the western Canada sedimentary basin. 1. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 33:1321–1349
Hitchon B, Krouse HR (1972) Hydrogeochemistry of the surface waters of the Mackenzie River drainage basin, Canada. III. Stable isotopes of oxygen, carbon and sulfur. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 36:1337–1357
Hoag KJ, Still CJ, Fung IY, Boering KA (2005) Triple oxygen isotope composition of tropospheric carbon dioxide as a tracer of terrestrial gross carbon fluxes. Geophys Res Lett 32:L02802
Hoefs J (1970) Kohlenstoff-und Sauerstoff-Isotopenuntersuchungen an Karbonatkonkretionen und umgebendem Gestein. Contrib Mineral Petrol 27:66–79
Hoefs J (1992) The stable isotope composition of sedimentary iron oxides with special reference to Banded Iron Formations. In: Isotopic signatures and sedimentary records. Lecture Notes in Earth Science, vol 43. Springer Verlag, pp 199–213
Hoefs J, Emmermann R (1983) The oxygen isotope composition of Hercynian granites and pre-Hercynian gneisses from the Schwarzwald, SW Germany. Contrib Mineral Petrol 83:320–329
Hoefs J, Sywall M (1997) Lithium isotope composition of quaternary and Tertiary biogene carbonates and a global lithium isotope balance. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:2679–2690
Hoering T (1975) The biochemistry of the stable hydrogen isotopes. Carnegie Inst Washington Yearb 74:598
Hoernes S, Van Reenen DC (1992) The oxygen isotopic composition of granulites and retrogressed granulites from the Limpopo Belt as a monitor of fluid-rock interaction. Precambrian Res 55:353–364
Hoffman JH, Hodges RR, McElroy MB, Donahue TM, Kolpin M (1979) Composition and structure of the Venus atmosphere: results from Pioneer Venus. Science 205:49–52
Hoffman PE, Kaufman AJ, Halverson GP, Schrag DP (1998) Neoproterozoic snowball earth. Science 281:1342–1346
Hofmann ME, Horvath B, Pack A (2012) Triple oxygen isotope equilibrium fractionation between carbon dioxide and water. Earth Planet Sci Lett 319–320:159–164
Hofstetter TB, Scharzenbach RP, Bernasconi SM (2008) Assessing transformation processes of organic compounds using stable isotope fractionation. Environ Sci Technol 42:7737–7743
Holloway JR, Blank JG (1994) Application of experimental results to C-O-H species in natural melts. In: Carroll MR, Holloway JR (eds) Volatiles in magmas. Review on Mineral, vol 30, pp 187–230
Holmden C (2009) Ca isotope study of Ordovician dolomite, limestone, and anhydrite in the Williston basin: Implications for subsurface dolomitization and local Ca cycling. Chem Geol 268:180–188
Holser WT (1977) Catastrophic chemical events in the history of the ocean. Nature 267:403–408
Holser WT, Kaplan IR (1966) Isotope geochemistry of sedimentary sulfates. Chem Geol 1:93–135
Hoppe P, Zinner E (2000) Presolar dust grains from meteorites and their stellar sources. J Geophys Res Space Phys 105:10371–10385
Horita J (1989) Stable isotope fractionation factors of water in hydrated salt minerals. Earth Planet Sci Lett 95:173–179
Horita J (2014) Oxygen and carbon isotope fractionation in the system dolomite-water-CO2 to elevated temperatures. Geochim Cosmochim Acta (in press)
Horita J, Berndt ME (1999) Abiogenic methane formation and isotope fractionation under hydrothermal conditions. Science 285:1055–1057
Horita J, Cole DR, Wesolowski DJ (1995) The activity-composition relationship of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in aqueous salt solutions: III. Vapor-liquid water equilibration of NaCl solutions to 350 °C. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:1139–1151
Horita J, Driesner T, Cole DR (1999) Pressure effect on hydrogen isotope fractionation between brucite and water at elevated temperatures. Science 286:1545–1547
Horita J, Cole DR, Polyakov VB, Driesner T (2002a) Experimental and theoretical study of pressure effects on hydrous isotope fractionation in the system brucite-water at elevated temperatures. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66:3769–3788
Horita J, Zimmermann H, Holland HD (2002b) Chemical evolution of seawater during the Phanerozoic: implications from the record of marine evaporates. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66:3733–3756
Horvath B, Hofmann M, Pack A (2012) On the triple oxygen isotope composition of carbon dioxide from some combustion processes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 95:160–168
Huang L, Strurchio NC, Abrajano T, Heraty LJ, Holt BD (1999) Carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by evaporation. Org Geochem 30:777–785
Huang Y, Wang Y, Alexandre M, Lee T, Rose-Petruck C, Fuller M, Pizzarello S (2005) Molecular and compound-specific isotopic characterization of monocarboxylic acids in carbonaceous chondrites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:1073–1084
Hudson JD (1977) Stable isotopes and limestone lithification. J Geol Soc London 133:637–660
Hulston JR (1977) Isotope work applied to geothermal systems at the Institute of Nuclear Sciences, New Zealand. Geothermics 5:89–96
Hulston JR, Thode HG (1965) Variations in the 33S, 34S and 36S contents of meteorites and their relations to chemical and nuclear effects. J Geophys Res 70:3475–3484
Huntington KW, Wernicke BP, Eiler JM (2010) Influence of climate change and uplift on Colorado Plateau paleotemperatures from carbonate clumped isotope thermometry. Tectonics 29:TC3005. doi:101.1029/2009TC002449
Huntington KW, Budd DA, Wernicke BP, Eiler JM (2011) Use of clumped-isotope thermometry to constrain the crystallization temperature of diagenetic calcite. J Sediment Res 81:656–669
Iacumin P, Bocherens H, Marriotti A, Longinelli A (1996) Oxygen isotope analysis of coexisting carbonate and phosphate in biogenic apatite; a way to monitor diagenetic alteration of bone phosphate? Earth Planet Sci Lett 142:1–6
Ikehata K, Notsu K, Hirata T (2011) Copper isotope characteristics of copper-rich minerals from Besshi-type volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, Japan, determined using a Femtosecond La-MC-ICP-MS. Econ Geol 106:307–316
Ionov DA, Hoefs J, Wedepohl KH, Wiechert U (1992) Contents and isotopic composition of sulfur in ultramafic xenoliths from Central Asia. Earth Planet Sci Lett 111:269–286
Irwin H, Curtis C, Coleman M (1977) Isotopic evidence for the source of diagenetic carbonate during burial of organic-rich sediments. Nature 269:209–213
Ishibashi J, Sano Y, Wakita H, Gamo T, Tsutsumi M, Sakai H (1995) Helium and carbon geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the Mid-Okinawa trough back arc basin, southwest of Japan. Chem Geology 123:1–15
Jaffrés JB, Shields GA, Wallmann K (2007) The oxygen isotope evolution of seawater: a critical review of a long-standing controversy and an improved geological water cycle model for the past 3.4 billion years. Earth Sci Rev 83:83–122
James DE (1981) The combined use of oxygen and radiogenic isotopes as indicators of crustal contamination. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 9:311–344
James AT (1983) Correlation of natural gas by use of carbon isotopic distribution between hydrocarbon components. Am Assoc Petrol Geol Bull 67:1167–1191
James AT (1990) Correlation of reservoired gases using the carbon isotopic compositions of wet gas components. Am Assoc Petrol Geol Bull 74:1441–1458
Jaouen K, Pons ML, Balter V (2013) Iron, copper and zinc isotopic fractionation up mammal trophic chains. Earth Planet Sci Lett (in press)
Jasper JP, Hayes JM (1990) A carbon isotope record of CO2 levels during the late Quaternary. Nature 347:462–464
Jasper JP, Hayes JM, Mix AC, Prahl FG (1994) Photosynthetic fractionation of C-13 and concentrations of dissolved CO2 in the central equatorial Pacific. Paleoceanography 9:781–798
Javoy M, Pineau F, Delorme H (1986) Carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the mantle. Chem Geology 57:41–62
Jeffcoate AB, Elliott T, Kasemann SA, Ionov D, Cooper K, Brooker R (2007) Li isotope fractionation in peridotites and mafic melts. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 71:202–218
Jeffrey AW, Pflaum RC, Brooks JM, Sackett WM (1983) Vertical trends in particulate organic carbon 13C/12C ratios in the upper water column. Deep Sea Res 30:971–983
Jenden PD, Kaplan IR, Poreda RJ, Craig H (1988) Origin of nitrogen-rich natural gases in the California Great Valley: evidence from helium, carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52:851–861
Jenden PD, Drazan DJ, Kapan IR (1993) Mixing of thermogenic natural gases in northern Appalachian Basin. Am Assoc Petrol Geol Bull 77:980–998
Jendrzejewski N, Eggenkamp HGM, Coleman ML (2001) Characterisation of chlorinated hydrocarbons from chlorine and carbon isotopic compositions: scope of application to environmental problems. Appl Geochem 16:1021–1031
Jenkyns HC (2010) Geochemistry of oceanic anoxic events. Geochem Geophys Geosys 11:Q03004
Jiang J, Clayton RN, Newton RC (1988) Fluids in granulite facies metamorphism: a comparative oxygen isotope study on the South India and Adirondack high grade terrains. J Geol 96:517–533
Joachimski M, van Geldern R, Breisig S, Buggisch W, Day J (2004) Oxygen isotope evolution of biogenic calcite and apatite during the Middle and Late Devonian. Int J Earth Sci 93:542–553
Joachimski M, Simon L, van Geldern R, Lecuyer C (2005) Boron isotope geochemistry of Paleozoic brachiopod calcite: implications for a secular change in the boron isotope geochemistry of seawater over the Phanerozoic. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:4035–4044
Joachimski MM, Breisig S, Buggisch W, Talent JA, Mawson R, Gereke M, Morrow JR, Day J, Weddige K (2009) Devonian climate and reef evolution: insights from oxygen isotopes in apatite. Earth Planet Sci Lett 284:599–609
Joachimski MM, Lai X, Shen S, Jiang H, Luo G, Chen J, Sun Y (2012) Climate warming in the latest Permian and the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. Geology 40:195–198
Johnsen SJ, Dansgaard W, White JW (1989) The origin of Arctic precipitation under present and glacial conditions. Tellus 41B:452–468
Johnsen SJ, Clausen HB, Dansgaard W, Gundestrup N, Hammer CU, Tauber H (1995) The Eem stable isotope record along the GRIP ice core and ist interpretation. Quat Res 43:117–124
Johnson DG, Jucks KW, Traub WA, Chance KV (2001) Isotopic composition of stratospheric water vapour: measurements and photochemistry. J Geophys Res 106D:12211–12217
Johnson CM, Skulan JL, Beard BL, Sun H, Nealson KH, Braterman PS (2002) Isotopic fraction between Fe(III) and Fe(II) in aqueous solutions. Earth Planet Sci Lett 195:141–153
Johnson CM, Beard BL, Beukes NJ, Klein C, O‘ Leary JM (2003) Ancient geochemical cycling in the Earth as inferred from Fe-isotope studies of banded iron formations from the Transvaal craton. Contr Mineral Petrol 114:523–547
Johnson CM, Beard BL, Roden EE (2008) The iron isotope fingerprints of redox and biogeochemical cycling in modern and ancient Earth. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 36:457–493
Jones HD, Kesler SE, Furman FC, Kyle JR (1996) Sulfur isotope geochemistry of southern Appalachian Mississippi Valley-type depopsits. Econ Geol 91:355–367
Jǿrgensen BB, Böttcher MA, Lüschen H, Neretin LN, Volkov II (2004) Anaerobic methane oxidation and a deep H2S sink generate isotopically heavy sulfides in Black Sea sediments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68:2095–2118
Jouzel J, Merlivat L, Roth E (1975) Isotopic study of hail. J Geophys Res 80:5015–5030
Jouzel J, Merlivat L, Lorius C (1982) Deuterium excess in an East Antarctic ice core suggests higher relative humidity at the oceanic surface during the last glacial maximum. Nature 299:688–691
Jouzel J, Lorius C, Petit JR, Barkov NI, Kotlyakov VM, Petrow VM (1987) Vostok ice core: a continuous isotopic temperature record over the last climatic cycle (160000 years). Nature 329:403–408
Juranek LW, Quay PD (2010) Basin-wide photosynthetic production rates in the subtropical and tropical Pacific Ocean determined from dissolved oxygen isotope ratio measurements. Global Biogeochem Cycles 24:GB2006. doi:10.1029/2009GB003492
Kampschulte A, Strauss H (2004) The sulfur isotope evolution of Phanerozoic seawater based on the analyses of sructurally substituted sulfate in carbonates. Chem Geol 204:255–280
Kaplan IR (1975) Stable isotopes as a guide to biogeochemical processes. Proc R Soc London Ser B 189:183–211
Kaplan IR, Hulston JR (1966) The isotopic abundance and content of sulfur in meteorites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 30:479–496
Kaplan IR, Rittenberg SC (1964) Microbiological fractionation of sulphur isotopes. J Gen Microbiol 34:195–212
Kasting JF, Howard MT, Wallmann K, Veizer J, Shields G, Jaffrés J (2006) Paleoclimates, ocean depth and the oxygen isotopic composition of the ocean. Earth Planet Sci Lett 252:82–93
Kaufman AJ, Knoll GM (1995) Neoproterozoic variations in the C-isotopic composition of seawater: stratigraphic and biogeochemical implications. Precambrian Res 73:27–49
Kaye J (1987) Mechanisms and observations for isotope fractionation of molecular species in planetary atmospheres. Rev Geophysics 25:1609–1658
Keeling CD (1958) The concentration and isotopic abundance of atmospheric carbon dioxide in rural areas. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 13:322–334
Keeling CD (1961) The concentration and isotopic abundances of carbon dioxide in rural and marine air. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 24:277–298
Keeling CD, Mook WG, Tans P (1979) Recent trends in the 13C/12C ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Nature 277:121–123
Keeling CD, Carter AF, Mook WG (1984) Seasonal, latitudinal and secular variations in the abundance and isotopic ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide. II. Results from oceanographic cruises in the tropical Pacific Ocean. J Geophys Res 89:4615–4628
Keeling CD, Bacastow RB, Carter AF, Piper SC, Whorf TR, Heimann M, Mook WG, Roeloffzen H (1989) A three dimensional model of atmospheric CO2 transport based on observed winds. 1. Analysis of observational data. Geophys Monogr 55:165–236
Keeling CD, Whorf TP, Wahlen M, van der Plicht J (1995) Interannual extremes in the rate of rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1980. Nature 375:666–670
Kelly WC, Rye RO, Livnat A (1986) Saline minewaters of the Keweenaw Peninsula, Northern Michigan: their nature, origin and relation to similar deep waters in Precambrian crystalline rocks of the Canadian Shield. Am J Sci 286:281–308
Kelly J, Fu B, Kita N, Valley J (2007) Optically continuous silcrete quartz cements in the St. Peter sandstone. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 71:3812–3832
Kelts K, McKenzie JA (1982) Diagenetic dolomite formation in quaternary anoxic diatomaceous muds of DSDP Leg 64, Gulf of California. Initial Rep DSDP 64:553–569
Kempton PD, Harmon RS (1992) Oxygen isotope evidence for large-scale hybridization of the lower crust during magmatic underplating. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:971–986
Kennicutt MC, Barker C, Brooks JM, De Freitaas DA, Zhu GH (1987) Selected organic matter indicators in the Orinoco, Nile and Changjiang deltas. Org Geochem 11:41–51
Keppler F, Hamilton JTG, Braß M, Röckmann (2006) Methane emissions from terrestrial plants under aerobic conditions. Nature 439:187–191
Kerrich R, Rehrig W (1987) Fluid motion associated with Tertiary mylonitization and detachment faulting: 18O/16O evidence from the Picacho metamorphic core complex, Arizona. Geology 15:58–62
Kerrich R, Latour TE, Willmore L (1984) Fluid participation in deep fault zones: evidence from geological, geochemical and to 18O/16O relations. J Geophys Res 89:4331–4343
Kerridge JF (1983) Isotopic composition of carbonaceous-chondrite kerogen: evidence for an interstellar origin of organic matter in meteorites. Earth Planet Sci Lett 64:186–200
Kerridge JF, Haymon RM, Kastner M (1983) Sulfur isotope systematics at the 21°N site, East Pacific Rise. Earth Planet Sci Lett 66:91–100
Kerridge JF, Chang S, Shipp R (1987) Isotopic characterization of kerogen-like material in the Murchison carbonaceous chondrite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51:2527–2540
Kharaka YK, Berry FAF, Friedman I (1974) Isotopic composition of oil-field brines from Kettleman North Dome, California and their geologic implications. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 37:1899–1908
Kharaka YK, Cole DR, Hovorka SD, Gunter WD, Knauss KG, Freifeld BM (2006) Gas-water-rock interactions in Frio formation following CO2 injection: implications to the storage of greenhouse gases in sedimentary basins. Geology 34:577–580
Kiczka M, Wiederhold JG, Kraemer SM, Bourdon B, Kretzschmar R (2010) Iron isotope fractionation during Fe uptake and translocation in Alpine plants. Environ Sci Technol 44:6144–6150
Kim KR, Craig H (1990) Two isotope characterization of N2O in the Pacific Ocean and constraints on its origin in deep water. Nature 347:58–61
Kim KR, Craig H (1993) Nitrogen-15 and oxygen-18 characteristics of nitrous oxide. Science 262:1855–1858
King PL, McLennan SM (2009) Sulfur on Mars. Elements 6:107–112
Kirkley MB, Gurney JJ, Otter ML, Hill SJ, Daniels LR (1991) The application of C-isotope measurements to the identification of the sources of C in diamonds. Appl Geochemistry 6:477–494
Kloppmann W, Girard JP, Négrel P (2002) Exotic stable isotope composition of saline waters and brines from the crystalline basement. Chem Geol 184:49–70
Knauth LP (1988) Origin and mixing history of brines, Palo Duro Basin, Texas, USA. Appl Geochem 3:455–474
Knauth LP, Beeunas MA (1986) Isotope geochemistry of fluid inclusions in Permian halite with implications for the isotopic history of ocean water and the origin of saline formation waters. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 50:419–433
Knauth LP, Lowe DR (1978) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of cherts from the Onverwacht group (3.4 billion years), Transvaal, South Africa, with implications for secular variations in the isotopic composition of chert. Earth Planet Sci Lett 41:209–222
Knoll AH, Hayes JM, Kaufman AJ, Swett K, Lambert IB (1986) Secular variation in carbon isotope ratios from Upper Proterozoic successions of Svalbard and East Greenland. Nature 321:832–838
Kohn MJ (1996) Predicting animal δ18O: accounting for diet and physiological adaptation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:4811–4829
Kohn MJ (1999) Why most “dry” rocks should cool “wet”. Am Mineral 84:570–580
Kohn MJ, Cerling TE (2002) Stable isotope compositions of biological apatite. Rev Mineral Geochem 48:455–488
Kohn MJ, Valley JW (1994) Oxygen isotope constraints on metamorphic fluid flow, Townshend Dam, Vermont, USA. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58:5551–5566
Kohn MJ, Valley JW, Elsenheimer D, Spicuzza M (1993) Oxygen isotope zoning in garnet and staurolite: evidence for closed system mineral growth during regional metamorphism. Am Mineral 78:988–1001
Kohn MJ, Riciputi LR, Stakes D, Orange DL (1998) Sulfur isotope variability in biogenic pyrite: reflections of heterogeneous bacterial colonzation? Am Mineral 83:1454–1486
Kolodny Y, Kerridge JF, Kaplan IR (1980) Deuterium in carbonaceous chondrites. Earth Planet Sci Lett 46:149–153
Kolodny Y, Luz B, Navon O (1983) Oxygen isotope variations in phosphate of biogenic apatites, I. Fish bone apatite—rechecking the rules of the game. Earth Planet Sci Lett 64:393–404
Kolodny Y, Luz B, Sander M, Clemens WA (1996) Dinosaur bones: fossils or pseudomorphs? The pitfalls of physiology reconstruction from apatitic fossils. Palaeo, Palaeo, Palaeoecol 126:161–171
Kool DM, Wrage N, Oenema O, Harris D, Van Groenigen JW (2009) The 18O signature of biogenic nitrous oxide is determined by O exchange with water. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 23:104–108
Krankowsky D, Lämmerzahl P, Mauersberger K (2000) Isotopic measurements of stratospheric ozone. Geophys Res Lett 27:2593–2595
Krishnamurthy RV, Epstein S, Cronin JR, Pizzarello S, Yuen GU (1992) Isotopic and molecular analyses of hydrocarbons and monocarboxylic acids of the Murchison meteorite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:4045–4058
Kroopnick P (1985) The distribution of 13C of ΣCO2 in the world oceans. Deep Sea Res 32:57–84
Kroopnick P, Craig H (1972) Atmospheric oxygen: isotopic composition and solubility fractionation. Science 175:54–55
Kroopnick P, Weiss RF, Craig H (1972) Total CO2, 13C and dissolved oxygen-18O at Geosecs II in the North Atlantic. Earth Planet Sci Lett 16:103–110
Krouse HR, Case JW (1983) Sulphur isotope abundances in the environment and their relation to long term sour gas flaring, near Valleyview, Alberta. Final report, Research Management Division, University Alberta RMD Rep 83/18
Krouse HR, Viau CA, Eliuk LS, Ueda A, Halas S (1988) Chemical and isotopic evidence of thermochemical sulfate reduction by light hydrocarbon gases in deep carbonate reservoirs. Nature 333:415–419
Kump LR (1989) Alternative modeling approaches to the geochemical cycles of carbon, sulfur and strontium isotopes. Am J Sci 289:390–410
Kump LR (2005) Ironing out biosphere oxidation. Science 307:1058–1059
Kump LR, Arthur MA (1999) Interpreting carbon-isotope excursions: carbonates and organic matter. Chem Geol 161:181–198
Kung CC, Clayton RN (1978) Nitrogen abundances and isotopic compositions in stony meteorites. Earth Planet Sci Lett 38:421–435
Kvenvolden KA (1995) A review of the geochemistry of methane in natural gas hydrate. Org Geochem 23:997–1008
Kyser TK, O’Neil JR (1984) Hydrogen isotope systematics of submarine basalts. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:2123–2134
Kyser TK, O’Neil JR, Carmichael ISE (1981) Oxygen isotope thermometry of basic lavas and mantle nodules. Contrib Mineral Petrol 77:11–23
Kyser TK, O’Neil JR, Carmichael ISE (1982) Genetic relations among basic lavas and mantle nodules. Contrib Mineral Petrol 81:88–102
Kyser TK, O’Neil JR, Carmichael ISE (1986) Reply to “Possible non-equilibrium oxygen isotope effects in mantle nodules, an alternative to the Kyser-O‘ Neil-Carmichael geothermometer. Contr Mineral Petrol 93:120–123
Labeyrie LD, Juillet A (1982) Oxygen isotope exchangeability of diatom valve silica; interpretation and consequences for paleoclimatic studies. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 46:967–975
Labeyrie LD, Duplessy JC, Blanc PL (1987) Deep water formation and temperature variations over the last 125000 years. Nature 327:477–482
Labidi J, Catigny P, Birck JL, Assayag N, Bourrand JJ (2012) Determination of multiple sulphur isotopes in glasses: a reappraisal of the MORB δ34S. Chem Geol 334:189–198
Labidi J, Cartigny P, Moreira M (2013) Non-chondritic sulphur isotope composition of the terrestrial mantle. Nature 501:208–211
Labidi J, Cartigny P, Hamelin C, Moreira M, Dosso L (2014) Sulfur isotope budget (32S, 33S, 34S, 36S) in Pacific-Antarctic ridge basalts: a record of mantle source heterogeneity and hydrothermal sulfide assimilation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 133:47–67
Lachniet MS (2009) Climatic and environmental controls on speleothem oxygen-isotope values. Quat Sci Rev 28:412–432
Land LS (1980) The isotopic and trace element geochemistry of dolomite: the state of the art. In: Concepts and models of dolomitization. Soc Econ Paleontol Min Spec Publ 28:87–110
Landais A, Barkan E, Luz B (2008) Record of δ18O and 17O excess in ice from Vostok, Antarctica during the last 150000 years. Geophys Res Lett 35:L02709
Lane GA, Dole M (1956) Fractionation of oxygen isotopes during respiration. Science 123:574–576
Lawrence JR (1989) The stable isotope geochemistry of deep-sea pore water. In: Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry, vol 3. Elsevier Publ Co, pp 317–356
Lawrence JR, Gieskes JM (1981) Constraints on water transport and alteration in the oceanic crust from the isotopic composition of the pore water. J Geophys Res 86:7924–7934
Lawrence JR, Taviani M (1988) Extreme hydrogen, oxygen and carbon isotope anomalies in the pore waters and carbonates of the sediments and basalts from the Norwegian Sea: methane and hydrogen from the mantle? Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52:2077–2083
Lawrence JR, Taylor HP (1971) Deuterium and oxygen-18 correlation: clay minerals and hydroxides in quaternary soils compared to meteoric waters. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 35:993–1003
Lawrence JR, White JWC (1991) The elusive climate signal in the isotopic composition of precipitation. In: Stable isotope geochemistry: a tribute to Samuel Epstein. Special Publication, The Geochemical Society vol 3, pp 169–185
Laws EA, Popp BN, Bidigare RR, Kennicutt MC, Macko SA (1995) Dependence of phytoplankton carbon isotopic composition on growth rate and CO2aq: theoretical considerations and experimental results. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:1131–1138
Leclerc AJ, Labeyrie LC (1987) Temperature dependence of oxygen isotopic fractionation between diatom silica and water. Earth Planet Sci Lett 84:69–74
Lécuyer C, Grandjean P, Reynard B, Albarede F, Telouk P (2002) 11B/10B analysis of geological materials by ICP-MS Plasma 54: application to bron fractionation between brachiopod calcite and seawater. Chem Geol 186:45–55
Leder JL, Swart PK, Szmant AM, Dodge RE (1996) The origin of variations in the isotopic record of scleractinian corals: I. Oxygen. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:2857–2870
Lemarchand D, Gaillardet J, Lewin E, Allegre CJ (2000) The influence of rivers on marine boron isotopes and implications for reconstructing past ocean pH. Nature 408:951–954
Lemarchand D, Gaillardet J, Lewin E, Allègre CJ (2002) Boron isotope systematics in large rivers: implications for the marine boron budget and paleo-pH reconstruction over the Cenozoic. Chem Geol 190:123–140
Leng MJ, Marshall JD (2004) Palaeoclimate interpretation of stable isotope data from lake sediment archives. Quaternary Sci Rev 23:811–831
Leshin LA, Epstein S, Stolper EM (1996) Hydrogen isotope geochemistry of SNC meteorites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:2635–2650
Leshin LA, McKeegan KD, Carpenter PK, Harvey RP (1998) Oxygen isotopic constraints on the genesis of carbonates from Martian meteorite ALH 84001. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62:3–13
Leuenberger M, Siegenthaler U, Langway CC (1992) Carbon isotope composition of atmospheric CO2 during the last ice age from an Antarctic ice core. Nature 357:488–490
Lewan MD (1983) Effects of thermal maturation on stable carbon isotopes as determined by hydrous pyrolysis of Woodford shale. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 47:1471–1480
Lewis RS, Anders E, Wright IP, Norris SJ, Pillinger CT (1983) Isotopically anomalous nitrogen in primitive meteorites. Nature 305:767–771
Li W, Jackson SE, Pearson NJ, Graham S (2010a) Copper isotope zonation in the Northparkes porphyry Cu-Au deposit, SE Australia. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74:4078–4096
Li W-Y, Teng F-Z, Ke S, Rudnick R, Gao S, Wu F-Y, Chappell B (2010b) Heterogeneous magnesium isotopic composition of the upper continental crust. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74:6867–6884
Liotta M, Rizzo A, Paonita A, Caracausi A, Martelli M (2012) Sulfur isotopic compositions of fumarolic and plume gases at Mount Etna (Italy) and inferences on their magmatic source. Geochem Geophys Geosys 13(5). doi:1029/2012GC0042118
Lister GS, Kelts K, Chen KZ, Yu JQ, Niessen F (1991) Lake Qinghai, China: closed-basin lake levels and the oxygen isotope record for ostracoda since the latest Pleistocene. Palaeo, Palaeo, Palaeoecology 84:141–162
Liu Y, Spicuzza MJ, Craddock PR, Day JM, Valley JW, Dauphas N, Taylor LA (2010) Oxygen and iron isotope constraints on near-surface fractionation effects and the composition of lunar mare basalt source regions. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74:6249–6262
Lloyd MR (1967) Oxygen-18 composition of oceanic sulfate. Science 156:1228–1231
Lloyd MR (1968) Oxygen isotope behavior in the sulfate-water system. J Geophys Res 73:6099–6110
Longinelli A (1966) Ratios of oxygen-18: oxygen-16 in phosphate and carbonate from living and fossil marine organisms. Nature 211:923–926
Longinelli A (1984) Oxygen isotopes in mammal bone phosphate: a new tool for paleohydrological and paleoclimatological research? Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:385–390
Longinelli A, Bartelloni M (1978) Atmospheric pollution in Venice, Italy, as indicated by isotopic analyses. Water Air Soil Poll 10:335–341
Longinelli A, Craig H (1967) Oxygen-18 variations in sulfate ions in sea-water and saline lakes. Science 156:56–59
Longinelli A, Edmond JM (1983) Isotope geochemistry of the Amazon basin. A reconnaissance. J Geophys Res 88:3703–3717
Longinelli A, Nuti S (1973) Revised phosphate-water isotopic temperature scale. Earth Planet Sci Lett 19:373–376
Longstaffe FJ (1989) Stable isotopes as tracers in clastic diagenesis. In: Hutcheon IE (ed) Short course in burial diagenesis, Mineralogical Association of Canada short course series, vol 15, pp 201–277
Longstaffe FJ, Schwarcz HP (1977) 18O/16O of Archean clastic metasedimentary rocks: a petrogenetic indicator for Archean gneisses? Geochim Cosmochim Acta 41:1303–1312
Lorius C, Jouzel J, Ritz C, Merlivat L, Barkov NI, Korotkevich YS, Kotlyakov VM (1985) A 150000 year climatic record from Antarctic ice. Nature 316:591–596
Luck JM, Ben Othman D, Albarede F (2005) Zn and Cu isotopic variations in chondrites and iron meteorites: early solar nebula reservoirs and parent-body processes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:5351–5363
Lücke A, Moschen R, Schleser G (2005) High-temperature carbon reduction of silica: a novel approach for oxygen isotope analysis of biogenic opal. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:1423–1433
Luz B, Barkan E (2000) Assessment of oceanic productivity with the triple-isotope composition of dissolved oxygen. Science 288:2028–2031
Luz B, Barkan E (2005) The isotopic ratios 17O/16O and 18O/16O in molecular oxygen and their significance in biogeochemistry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:1099–1110
Luz B, Barkan E (2010) Variations of 17O/16O and 18O/16O in meteoric waters. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74:6276–6286
Luz B, Kolodny Y (1985) Oxygen isotope variations in phosphate of biogenic apatites, IV: mammal teeth and bones. Earth Planet Sci Lett 75:29–36
Luz B, Kolodny Y, Horowitz M (1984) Fractionation of oxygen isotopes between mammalian bone-phosphate and environmental drinking water. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:1689–1693
Luz B, Cormie AB, Schwarcz HP (1990) Oxygen isotope variations in phosphate of deer bones. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54:1723–1728
Luz B, Barkan E, Bender ML, Thiemens MH, Boering KA (1999) Triple-isotope composition of atmospheric oxygen as a tracer of biosphere productivity. Nature 400:547–550
Magna T, Wiechert U, Halliday AN (2006) New constraints on the lithium isotope composition of the Moon and terrestrial planets. Earth Planet Sci Lett 243:336–353
Mahaffy PR, Webster CR et al (2013) Abundance and isotopic composition of gases in the Martian atmosphere from the Curiosity Rover. Science 341:263–266
Maher K, Larson P (2007) Variation in copper isotope ratios and controls on fractionation in hypogene skarn mineralization at Coroccohuayco and Tintaya, Peru. Econ Geol 102:225–237
Mandeville CW, Webster JD, Tappen C, Taylor BE, Timbal A, Sasaki A, Hauri E, Bacon CR (2009) Stable isotope and petrologic evidence for open-system degassing during the climactic and pre-climactic eruptions of Mt. Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 73:2978–3012
Marin J, Chaussidon M, Robert F (2010) Microscale oxygen isotope variations in 1.9 Ga Gunflint cherts: assessments of diagenetic effects and implications for oceanic paleotemperature reconstructions. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74:116–130
Marin-Carbonne J, Chaussidon M, Boiron MC, Robert F (2011) A combined in situ oxygen, silicon and fluid inclusion study of a chert sample from Onverwacht Group (3.35 Ga, South Africa): new constraints on fluid circulation. Chem Geol 286:59–71
Marin-Carbonne J, Chaussidon M, Robert F (2012) Micrometer-scale chemical and isotopic criteria (O and Si) on the origin and history of Precambrian cherts: implications for paleo-temperature reconstructions. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 92:129–147
Marin-Carbonne J et al (2014) CoupleFe and WS isotope variatiions in pyrite nodules from Archaen shale. Earth Planet Sci Lett 392:67–79
Markl G, Lahaye Y, Schwinn G (2006a) Copper isotopes as monitors of redox processes in hydrothermal mineralization. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 70:4215–4228
Markl G, von Blanckenburg F, Wagner T (2006b) Iron isotope fractionation during hydrothermal ore deposition and alteration. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 70:3011–3030
Marowsky G (1969) Schwefel-, Kohlenstoff-und Sauerstoffisotopenuntersuchungen am Kupferschiefer als Beitrag zur genetischen Deutung. Contrib Mineral Petrol 22:290–334
Martin E, Bindeman I (2009) Mass-independent isotopic signatures of volcanic sulfate from three supereuption ash deposits in Lake Tecopa, California. Earth Planet Sci Lett 282:102–114
Martinson DG, Pisias NG, Hays JD, Imbrie J, Moore TC, Shackleton NJ (1987) Age dating and the orbital theory of the ice ages: development of a high resolution 0 to 300000 year chronostratigraphy. Quat Res 27:1–29
Marty B (2012) The origins and concentrations of water, carbon, nitrogen and noble gases on Earth. Earth Planet Sci Lett 313–314:56–66
Marty B, Humbert F (1997) Nitrogen and argon isotopes in oceanic basalts. Earth Planet Sci Lett 152:101–112
Marty B, Zimmermann L (1999) Volatiles (He, C, N, Ar)in mid-ocean ridge basalts: assesment of shallow-level fractionation and characterization of source composition. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:3619–3633
Marty B, Chaussidon M, Wiens RC, Jurewicz Burnett DS (2011) A 15N-poor isotopic composition for the solar system as shown by Genesis solar wind samples. Science 332:1533–1536
Mason TFD et al (2005) Zn and Cu isotopic variability in the Alexandrinka volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) ore deposit, Urals, Russia. Chem Geol 221:170–187
Masson-Delmotte V, Jouzel J et al (2005) GRIP deuterium excess reveals rapid and orbital-scale changes in Greenland moisture origin. Science 309:118–121
Mastalerz M, Schimmelmann A (2002) Isotopically exchangeable organic hydrogen in coal relates to thermal maturity and maceral composition. Org Geochem 33:921–931
Matheney RK, Knauth LP (1989) Oxygen isotope fractionation between marine biogenic silica and seawater. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:3207–3214
Mathur R, Dendas M, Titley S, Phillips A (2010) Patterns in the copper isotope composition of minerals in porphyry copper deposits in southwestern United States. Econ Geol 105:1457–1467
Matsubaya O, Sakai H (1973) Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic study on the water of crystallization of gypsum from the Kuroko-type mineralization. Geochem J 7:153–165
Matsuhisa Y (1979) Oxygen isotopic compositions of volcanic rocks from the east Japan island arcs and their bearing on petrogenesis. J Volcanic Geotherm Res 5:271–296
Matsumoto R (1992) Causes of the oxygen isotopic depletion of interstitial waters from sites 798 and 799, Japan Sea, Leg 128. Proc Ocean Drill Program, Sci Results 127(128):697–703
Matsuo S, Friedman I, Smith GI (1972) Studies of quaternary saline lakes. I. Hydrogen isotope fractionation in saline minerals. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 36:427–435
Mattey DP, Carr RH, Wright IP, Pillinger CT (1984) Carbon isotopes in submarine basalts. Earth Planet Sci Lett 70:196–206
Mattey DP, Lowry D, MacPherson C (1994) Oxygen isotope composition of mantle peridotites. Earth Planet Sci Lett 128:231–241
Mauersberger K (1981) Measurement of heavy ozone in the stratosphere. Geophys Res Lett 8:935–937
Mauersberger K (1987) Ozone isotope measurements in the stratosphere. Geophys Res Letter 14:80–83
McCaig AM, Wickham SM, Taylor HP (1990) Deep fluid circulation in Alpine shear zones, Pyrenees, France: field and oxygen isotope studies. Contr Mineral Petrol 106:41–60
McClelland JW, Montoya JP (2002) Trophic relationships and the nitrogen isotope composition of amino acids in plankton. Ecology 83:2173–2180
McCollom TM, Seewald JS (2006) Carbon isotope composition of organic compounds produced by abiotic synthesis under hydrothermal conditions. Earth Planet Sci Lett 243:74–84
McConnaughey T (1989a) 13C and 18O disequilibrium in biological carbonates. II. In vitro simulation of kinetic isotope effects. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:163–171
McConnaughey T (1989b) °) 13C and 18° disequilibrium in biological carbonates.I. Patterns. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:151–162
McCorkle DC, Emerson SR (1988) The relationship between pore water isotopic composition and bottom water oxygen concentration. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52:1169–1178
McCorkle DC, Emerson SR, Quay P (1985) Carbon isotopes in marine porewaters. Earth Planet Sci Lett 74:13–26
McCrea JM (1950) On the isotopic chemistry of carbonates and a paleotemperature scale. J Chem Phys 18:849–857
McDermott F (2004) Palaeo-climate reconstruction from stable isotope variations in speleothems: a review. Quaternary Sci Rev 23:901–918
McGarry S, Bar-Matthews M, Matthews A, Vaks A, Schilman B, Ayalon A (2004) Constraints on hydrological and paleotemperature variations in the eastern Mediterranean region in the last 140 ka given by the δD values of speleothem fluid inclusions. Quat Sci Rev 23:919–934
McGregor ID, Manton SR (1986) Roberts Victor eclogites: ancient oceanic crust. J Geophys Res 91:14063–14079
McInerney FA, Wing SL (2011) The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum: a perturbation of carbon cycle, climate and biosphere with implications for the future. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 39:489–516
McKay DS et al (1996) Search for past life on Mars: possible relic biogenic activity in martian meteorite ALH 84001. Science 273:924–930
McKeegan KD, Kallio AP, Heber VS et al (2011) The oxygen isotopic composition of the Sun inferred from captured solar wind. Science 332:1528–1532
McKenzie J (1984) Holocene dolomitization of calcium carbonate sediments from the coastal sabkhas of Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.: A stable isotope study. J Geol 89:185–198
McKibben MA, Riciputi LR (1998) Sulfur isotopes by ion microprobe. In: Applications of microanalytical techniques to understanding mineralizing processes. Rev Econ Geol 7:121–140
McLaughlin K, Chavez F, Pennington JT, Paytan A (2006) A time series investigation of the oxygen isotope composition of dissolved inorganic phosphate in Monterey Bay, California. Limnol Oceanogr 51:2370–2379
McSween HY, Taylor LA, Stolper EM (1979) Allan Hills 77005: a new meteorite type found in Antarctica. Science 204:1201–1203
Meier-Augustein W (2010) Stable isotope forensics. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester
Mengel K, Hoefs J (1990) Li - δ18O - SiO2 systematics in volcanic rocks and mafic lower crustal xenoliths. Earth Planet Sci Lett 101:42–53
Merlivat L, Jouzel J (1979) Global climatic interpretation of the deuterium-oxygen 18 relationship for precipitation. J Geophys Res 84:5029–5033
Michalski G, Bhattacharya SK, Mase DF (2011) Oxygen isotope dynamics of atmospheric nitrate and its precursor molecules. In: Baskaran M (ed) Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry, Springer, pp 613–635
Mikaloff-Fletcher SE et al (2006) Inverse estimates of anthropogenic CO2 uptake, transport and storage by the ocean. Global Biogeochem Cycles 20:GB2002. doi:10/10292005GB002532
Milkov AV (2005) Molecular and stable isotope compositions of natural gas hydrates: a revised global dataset and basic interpretations in the context of geological settings. Org Geochem 36:681–702
Ming T, Anders E, Hoppe P, Zinner E (1989) Meteoritic silicon carbide and its stellar sources, implications for galactic chemical evolution. Nature 339:351–354
Minigawa M, Wada E (1984) Stepwise enrichments of 15N along food chains: further evidence and the relation between δ15N and animal age. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:1135–1140
Misra S, Froelich PN (2012) Lithium isotope history of Cenozoic seawater: changes in silicate weathering and reverse weathering. Science 335:818–823
Mix HT, Chamberlain CP (2014) Stable isotope records of hydrologic change and paleotemperature from smectite in Cenozoic western North America. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 141:532–546
Moldovanyi EP, Lohmann KC (1984) Isotopic and petrographic record of phreatic diagenesis: Lower Cretaceous Sligo and Cupido Formations. J Sediment Petrol 54:972–985
Monster J, Anders E, Thode HG (1965) 34S/32S ratios for the different forms of sulphur in the Orgueil meteorite and their mode of formation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 29:773–779
Monster J, Appel PW, Thode HG, Schidlowski M, Carmichael CW, Bridgwater D (1979) Sulphur isotope studies in early Archean sediments from Isua, West Greenland: implications for the antiquity of bacterial sulfate reduction. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 43:405–413
Montoya JP, Horrigan SG, McCarthy JJ (1991) Rapid, storm-induced changes in the natural abundance of 15N in a planktonic ecosystem, Chesapeake Bay, USA. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55:3627–3638
Mook WG, Koopman M, Carter AF, Keeling CD (1983) Seasonal, latitudinal and secular variations in the abundance and isotopic ratios of atmospheric carbon dioxide. I. Results from land stations. J Geophys Res 88:10915–10933
Morin S, Savarino J, Frey MF, Yan N, Bekki S, Bottenheim JW, Martins JM (2008) Tracing the origin and fate of NOx in the arctic atmosphere using stable isotopes in nitrate. Science 322:730–732
Moschen R, Lücke A, Parplies U, Radtke B, Schleser GH (2006) Transfer and early diagenesis of biogenic silica oxygen isotope signals during settling and sedimentation of diatoms in a temperate freshwater lake (Lake Holzmaar, Germany). Geochim Cosmochim Acta 70:4367–4379
Mossmann JR, Aplin AC, Curtis CD, Coleman ML (1991) Geochemistry of inorganic and organic sulfur in organic-rich sediments from the Peru Margin. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55:3581–3595
Moynier F, Blichert-Toft J, Telouk P, Luck JM, Albarede F (2007) Comparative stable isotope geochemistry of Ni, Cu, Zn and Fe in chondrites and iron meteorites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 71:4365–4379
Moynier F, Pichat S, Pons ML, Fike D, Balter V, Albarède F (2008) Isotope fractionation and transport mechanisms of Zn in plants. Chem Geol 267:125–130
Muehlenbachs K, Byerly G (1982) 18O enrichment of silicic magmas caused by crystal fractionation at the Galapagos Spreading Center. Contr Mineral Petrol 79:76–79
Muehlenbachs K, Clayton RN (1972) Oxygen isotope studies of fresh and weathered submarine basalts. Can J Earth Sci 9:471–479
Muehlenbachs K, Clayton RN (1976) Oxygen isotope composition of the oceanic crust and its bearing on seawater. J Geophys Res 81:4365–4369
Mulitza S, Duerkoop A, Hale S, Wefer S, Niebler HS (1997) Planktonic foraminifera as recorders of past surface water stratification. Geology 25: 335–338
Nabelek PI (1991) Stable isotope monitors. In: Contact metamorphism. Rev Mineral 26:395–435
Nabelek PI, Labotka TC, O’Neil JR, Papike JJ (1984) Contrasting fluid/rock interaction between the Notch Peak granitic intrusion and argillites and limestones in western Utah: evidence from stable isotopes and phase assemblages. Contr Mineral Petrol 86:25–43
Neretin LN, Böttcher ME, Jǿrgensen BB, Volkov II, Lüschen H, Hilgenfeldt K (2004) Pyritization processes and greigite formation in the advancing sulfidization front in the Upper Pleistone sediments of the Black Sea. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68:2081–2094
Nielsen H, Ricke W (1964) S-Isotopenverhaltnisse von Evaporiten aus Deutschland. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis von δ34S im Meerwasser Sulfat. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 28:577–591
Niles PB, Leshin LA, Guan Y (2005) Microscale carbon isotope variability in ALH84001 carbonates and a discussion of possible formation environments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:2931–2944
Nishio Y, Sasaki S, Gamo T, Hiyagon H, Sano Y (1998) Carbon and helium isotope systematics of North Fiji basin basalt glasses: carbon geochemical cycle in the subduction zone. Earth Planet Sci Lett 154:127–138
Norris RD, Röhl U (1999) Carbon cycling and chronology of climate warming during the Paleocene/Eocene transition. Nature 401:775–778
Norton D, Taylor HP (1979) Quantitative simulation of the hydrothermal systems of crystallizing magmas on the basis of transport theory and oxygen isotope data: an analysis of the Skaergaard intrusion. J Petrol 20:421–486
Nriagu JO, Coker RD, Barrie LA (1991) Origin of sulphur in Canadian Arctic haze from isotope measurements. Nature 349:142–145
O‘Leary JA, Eiler JM, Rossman GR (2005) Hydrogen isotope geochemistry of nominally anhydrous minerals. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:A745
O’Neil JR, Roe LJ, Reinhard E, Blake RE (1994) A rapid and precise method of oxygen isotope analysis of biogenic phosphate. Israel J Earth Sci 43:203–212
Ohmoto H (1972) Systematics of sulfur and carbon isotopes in hydrothermal ore deposits. Econ Geol 67:551–578
Ohmoto H (1986) Stable isotope geochemistry of ore deposits. Rev Mineral 16:491–559
Ohmoto H, Goldhaber MB (1997) Sulfur and carbon isotopes. In: Barnes HL (ed) Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits, 3rd edn. Wiley Interscience, New York, pp 435–486
Ohmoto H, Rye RO (1979) Isotopes of sulfur and carbon. In: Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits, 2nd edn. Holt Rinehart and Winston, New York
Ohmoto H, Mizukani M, Drummond SE, Eldridge CS, Pisutha-Arnond V, Lenagh TC (1983) Chemical processes of Kuroko formation. Econ Geol Monogr 5:570–604
Ohmoto H, Kakegawa T, Lowe DR (1993) 3.4 billion year old biogenic pyrites from Barberton, South Africa: sulfur isotope evidence. Science 262:555
Ongley JS, Basu AR, Kyser TK (1987) Oxygen isotopes in coexisting garnets, clinopyroxenes and phlogopites of Roberts Victor eclogites: implications for petrogenesis and mantle metasomatism. Earth Planet Sci Lett 83:80–84
Ono S, Shanks WC, Rouxel OJ, Rumble D (2007) S-33 constraints on the seawater sulphate contribution in modern seafloor hydrothermal vent sulfides. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 71:1170–1182
Onuma N, Clayton RN, Mayeda TK (1970) Oxygen isotope fractionation between minerals and an estimate of the temperature of formation. Science 167:536–538
Ott U (1993) Interstellar grains in meteorites. Nature 364:25–33
Owen T, Maillard JP, DeBergh C, Lutz BL (1988) Deuterium on Mars: the abundance of HDO and the value of D/H. Science 240:1767–1770
Pack A, Gehler A, Süssenberger A (2013) Exploring the usability of isotopically anomaleous oxygen in bones and teeth as palaeo-CO2-barometer. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 102:306–317
Pagani M, Arthur MA, Freeman KH (1999a) Miocene evolution of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Paleoceanography 14:273–292
Pagani M, Freeman KH, Arthur MA (1999b) Late Miocene atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the expansion of C4 grasses. Science 285:876–879
Page B, Bullen T, Mitchell M (2008) Influences of calcium availability and tree species on Ca isotope fractionation in soil and vegetation. Biogeochemistry 88:1–13
Palmer MR, Pearson PN, Conbb SJ (1998) Reconstructing past ocean pH-depth profiles. Science 282:1468–1471
Pawellek F, Veizer J (1994) Carbon cycle in the upper Danube and its tributaries: δ13CDIC constraints. Israel J Earth Sci 43:187–194
Payne JL, Kump LR (2007) Evidence for recurrent early triassic massive volcanism from quantitative interpretation of carbon isotope fluctuations. Earth Planet Sci Lett 256:264–277
Paytan A, Kastner M, Campbell D, Thiemens MH (1998) Sulfur isotope composition of Cenozoic seawater sulfate. Science 282:1459–1462
Paytan A, Luz B, Kolodny Y, Neori A (2002) Biologically mediated oxygen isotope exchange between water and phosphorus. Global Biogeochem Cycles 16–13:1–7
Paytan A, Kastner M, Campbell D, Thiemens M (2004) Seawater sulfur isotope fluctuations in the Cretaceous. Science 304:1663–1665
Pearson PN, Palmer MR (2000) Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years. Nature 406:695–699
Pearson PN, Foster GI, Wade BS (2009) Atmospheric carbon dioxide through the Eocene-Oligocene climate transition. Nature 461:1110–1113
Peckmann J, Thiel V (2005) Carbon cycling at ancient methane-seeps. Chem Geol 205:443–467
Pedentchouk N, Freeman KH, Harris NB (2006) Different response of δD-values of n-alkanes, isoprenoids and kerogen during thermal maturation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 70:2063–2072
Perry EA, Gieskes JM, Lawrence JR (1976) Mg, Ca and 18O/16O exchange in the sediment-pore water system, Hole 149, DSDP. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 40:413–423
Peters MT, Wickham SM (1995) On the causes of 18O depletion and 18O/16O homogenization during regional metamorphism, the east Humboldt Range core complex, Nevada. Contr Mineral Petrol 119:68–82
Peters KE, Rohrbach BG, Kaplan IR (1981) Carbon and hydrogen stable isotope variations in kerogen during laboratory-simulated thermal maturation. Am Assoc Petrol Geol Bull 65:501–508
Peterson BJ, Fry B (1987) Stable isotopes in ecosystem studies. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 18:293–320
Petit JR et al (1999a) Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature 399:429–436
Petit JR et al (1999b) Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature 399:429–436
Phillips FM, Bentley HW (1987) Isotopic fractionation during ion filtration: I. Theory. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51:683–695
Philp RP (2007) The emergence of stable isotopes in environmental and forensic geochemistry studies: a review. Eviron Chem Lett 5:57–66
Pineau F, Javoy M (1983) Carbon isotopes and concentrations in mid-ocean ridge basalts. Earth Planet Sci Lett 62:239–257
Pineau F, Javoy M, Bottinga Y (1976) 13C/12C ratios of rocks and inclusions in popping rocks of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and their bearing on the problem of isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Earth Planet Sci Lett 29:413–421
Poage MA, Chamberlain CP (2001) Empirical relationships between elevation and the stable isotope composition of precipitation and surface waters: considerations for studies of paleoelevation change. Am J Sci 301:1–15
Poitrasson F, Levasseur S, Teutsch N (2005) Significance of iron isotope mineral fractionation in pallasites and iron meteorites for the core-mantle differentiation of terrestrial planets. Earth Planet Sci Lett 234:151–164
Poitrasson F, Roskosz M, Corgne A (2009) No iron isotope fractionation between molten alloys and silicate melt to 2000°C and 7.7 GPa: experimental evidence and implications for planery differentiation and accretion. Earth Planet Sci Lett 278:376–385
Popp BN, Takigiku R, Hayes JM, Louda JW, Baker EW (1989) The post Paleozoic chronology and mechanism of 13C depletion in primary organic matter. Am J Sci 289:436–454
Popp BN, Laws EA, Bidigare RR, Dore JE, Hanson KL, Wakeham SG (1998) Effect of phytoplankton cell geometry on carbon isotope fractionation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62:69–77
Popp BN et al (2002) Global Biogeochemical Cycles 16. doi:10.1029/2001GB001806
Poreda R (1985) Helium-3 and deuterium in back arc basalts: Lau Basin and the Mariana trough. Earth Planet Sci Lett 73:244–254
Poreda R, Schilling JG, Craig H (1986) Helium and hydrogen isotopes in ocean-ridge basalts north and south of Iceland. Earth Planet Sci Lett 78:1–17
Price FT, Shieh YN (1979) The distribution and isotopic composition of sulfur in coals from the Illinois Basin. Econ Geol 74:1445–1461
Prokoph A, Shields GA, Veizer J (2008) Compilation and time-series analysis of a marine carbonate δ18O, δ13C, 87Sr/86Sr and δ34S database through Earth history. Earth Sci Rev 87:113–133
Prombo CA, Clayton RN (1985) A striking nitrogen isotope anomaly in the Bencubbin and Weatherford meteorites. Science 230:935–937
Puceat E, Joachimski MM et al (2010) Revised phosphate-water fractionation equation reassessing paleotemperatures derived from biogenic apatite. Earth Planet Sci Lett 298:135–142
Quade J et al (1992) A 16-Ma record of paleodiet using carbon and oxygen isotopes in fossil teeth from Pakistan. Chem Geol 94:183–192
Quade J, Cerling TE (1995) Expansion of C4 grasses in the late Miocene of northern Pakistan: evidence from stable isotopes in paleosols. Palaeo, Palaeo, Palaeo 115:91–116
Quade J, Breecker DO, Daeron M, Eiler J (2011) The paleoaltimetry of Tibet: an isotopic perspective. Am J Sci 311:77–115
Quast A, Hoefs J, Paul J (2006) Pedogenic carbonates as a proxy for palaeo-CO2 in the Paleozoic atmosphere. Palaeo, Palaeo, Palaeo 242:110–125
Quay PD, Tilbrook B, Wong CS (1992) Oceanic uptake of fossil fuel CO2: carbon-13 evidence. Science 256:74–79
Quay PD, Emerson S, Wilbur DO, Stump S (1993) The δ18O of dissolved O2 in the surface waters of the subarctic Pacific: a tracer of biological productivity. J Geophys Res 98:8447–8458
Quay PD, Wilbur DO, Richey JE, Devol AH, Benner R, Forsberg BR (1995) The 18O/16O of dissolved oxygen in rivers and lakes in the Amazon Basin: determining the ratio of respiration to photosynthesis in freshwaters. Limnol Oceanogr 40:718–729
Quay PD, Stutsman J, Wibur D, Snover A, Dlugokencky E, Brown T (1999) The isotopic composition of atmospheric methane. Global Geochemical Cycles 13:445–461
Raab M, Spiro B (1991) Sulfur isotopic variations during seawater evaporation with fractional crystallization. Chem Geol 86:323–333
Rabinovich AL, Grinenko VA (1979) Sulfate sulfur isotope ratios for USSR river water. Geochemistry 16(2):68–79
Radke J, Bechtel A, Gaupp R, Püttmann W, Schwark L, Sachse D, Gleixner D (2005) Correlation between hydrogen isotope ratios of lipid biomarkers and sediment maturity. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:5517–5530
Rahn T, Wahlen M (1997) Stable isotope enrichment in stratospheric nitrous oxide. Science 278:1776–1778
Rahn T et al (2002) The deuterium anomaly in stratospheric molecular hydrogen. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66:A622 (special supplement)
Rai VK, Thiemens MH (2007) Mass independently fractionated sulphur components in chondrites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 71:1341–1354
Rai VK, Jackson TL, Thiemens MH (2005) Photochemical mass-independent sulphur isotopes in achondritic meteorites. Science 309:1062–1065
Raiswell R, Berner RA (1985) Pyrite formation in euxinic and semi-euxinic sediments. Am J Sci 285:710–724
Raitzsch M, Hönisch B (2014) Cenozoic boron isotope variations in benthic foraminifera. Geology 41:591–594
Rau GH, Sweeney RE, Kaplan IR (1982) Plankton 13C/12C ratio changes with latitude: differences between northern and southern oceans. Deep Sea Res 29:1035–1039
Rau GH, Takahashi T, DesMarais DJ (1989) Latitudinal variations in plankton 13C: implications for CO2 and productivity in past ocean. Nature 341:516–518
Rau GH, Takahashi T, DesMarais DJ, Repeta DJ, Martin JH (1992) The relationship between δ13C of organic matter and ΣCO2(aq) in ocean surface water: data from a JGOFS site in the northeast Atlantic Ocean and a model. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:1413–1419
Raven MR, Adkins JF, Werne JP, Lyons TW, Sessions AL (2015) Sulfur isotopic composition of individual organic compounds from Cariaco Basin sediments. Org Geochem (in press)
Redding CE, Schoell M, Monin JC, Durand B (1980) Hydrogen and carbon isotopic composition of coals and kerogen. In: Douglas AG, Maxwell JR (eds) Phys Chem Earth 12:711–723
Rees CE, Jenkins WJ, Monster J (1978) The sulphur isotopic composition of ocean water sulphate. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 42:377–381
Rice DD, Claypool GE (1981) Generation, accumulation and resource potential of biogenic gas. Am Assoc Petrol Geol Bull 65:5–25
Rice A, Dayalu A, Quay P, Gammon R (2011) Isotopic fractionation during soil uptake of atmospheric hydrogen. Biogeosciences 8:763–769
Richet P, Bottinga Y, Javoy M (1977) A review of H, C, N, O, S, and Cl stable isotope fractionation among gaseous molecules. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 5:65–110
Riciputi LR, Cole DR, Machel HG (1996) Sulfide formation in reservoir carbonates of the Devonian Nishu Formation, Alberta, Canada: an ion microprobe study. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:325–336
Rindsberger MS, Jaffe S, Rahamin S, Gat JR (1990) Patterns of the isotopic composition of precipitation in time and space; data from the Israeli storm water collection program. Tellus 42B:263–271
Ripley EM, Li C (2003) Sulfur isotope exchange and metal enrichment in the formation of magmatic Cu-Ni-(PGE)-deposits. Econ Geol 98:635–641
Robert F (2001) The origin of water on Earth. Science 293:1056–1058
Robert F, Epstein S (1982) The concentration and isotopic composition of hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen carbonaceous meteorites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 46(8):1–95
Robert F, Merlivat L, Javoy M (1978) Water and deuterium content in ordinary chondrites. Meteoritics 12:349–354
Robert F, Gautier D, Dubrulle B (2000) The solar system D/H ratio: observations and theories. Space Sci Rev 92:201–224
Röckmann T et al (1998) Mass independent oxygen isotope fractionation in atmospheric CO as a result of the reaction CO + OH. Science 281:544–546
Röckmann T, Jöckel P, Gros V, Bräunlich M, Possnert G, Brenninkmeijer CAM (2002) Using 14C, 13C, 18O and 17O isotopic variations to provide insights into the high northern latitude surface CO inventory. Atmos Chem Phys 2:147–159
Röckmann T, Kaiser J, Brenninkmeijer CAM, Brand WA (2003) Gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry method for high-precision position-dependent 15N and 18O measurements of atmospheric nitrous oxide. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 17:1897–1908
Röhl U, Norris RD, Bralower TJ, Wefer G (2000) New chronology for the late Paleocene thermal maximum and its environmental implications. Geology 28:927–930
Romanek CS et al (1994) Record of fluid-rock interaction on Mars from the meteorite ALH 84001. Nature 372:655–657
Rooney MA, Claypool GE, Chung HM (1995) Modeling thermogenic gas generation using carbon isotope ratios of natural gas hydrocarbons. Chem Geol 126:219–232
Rouxel O, Fouquet Y, Ludden JN (2004a) Copper isotope systematics of the Lucky Strike, Rainbow and Logatschev seafloor hydrothermal fields on the Mi-Atlantic Ridge. Econ Geol 99:585–600
Rouxel O, Fouquet Y, Ludden JN (2004b) Subsurface processes at the Lucky Strike hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: evidence from sulfur, selenium and iron isotopes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68:2295–2311
Rouxel O, Bekker A, Edwards KJ (2005) Iron isotope constraints on the Archean and Proterozoic ocean redox state. Science 307:1088–1091
Rouxel O, Ono S, Alt J, Rumble D, Ludden J (2008a) Sulfur isotope evidence for microbial sulfate reduction in altered oceanic basalts at ODP Site 801. Earth Planet Sci Lett 268:110–123
Rouxel O, Shanks WC, Bach W, Edwards KJ (2008b) Integrated Fe- and S-isotope study of seafloor hydrothermal vents at East Pacific Rise 9-10°N.Chem Geol 252:214–227
Rozanski K, Sonntag C (1982) Vertical distribution of deuterium in atmospheric water vapour. Tellus 34:135–141
Rozanski K, Araguas-Araguas L, Gonfiantini R (1993) Isotopic patterns in modern global precipitation. In: Climate change in continental isotopic records. Geophys Monograph 78:1–36
Rumble D, Yui TF (1998) The Qinglongshan oxygen and hydrogen isotope anomaly near Donghai in Jiangsu Province, China. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62:3307–3321
Rumble D, Young ED, Shahar A, Guo W (2011) Stable isotope cosmochemistry and the evolution of planetary systems. Elements 7:23–28
Russell AK, Kitajima K, Strickland A, Medaris LG, Schulze DJ, Valley JW (2013) Eclogite-facies fluid infiltration: constraints from δ18O zoning in garnet. Contr Mineral Petrol 165:103–116
Rye RO (1993) The evolution of magmatic fluids in the epithermal environment: the stable isotope perspective. Econ Geol 88:733–753
Rye RO (2005) A review of stable isotope geochemistry of sulfate minerals in selected igneous environments and related hydrothermal systems. Chem Geol 215:5–36
Rye RO, Schuiling RD, Rye DM, Jansen JBH (1976) Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen isotope studies of the regional metamorphic complex at Naxos, Greece. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 40:1031–1049
Rye RO, Bethke PM, Wasserman MD (1992) The stable isotope geochemistry of acid sulfate. Econ Geol 87:227–262
Saal AE, Hauri EH, Van Orman JA, Rutherford MJ (2013) Hydrogen isotopes in lunar volcanic glasses and melt inclusions reveal a carbonaceous chondrite heritage. Science 340:1317–1320
Saccocia PJ, Seewald JS, Shanks WC (2009) Oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionation in serpentine-water and talc-water systems from 250 to 450°C, 50 MPa. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 73:6789–6804
Sachse D, Billault I et al (2012) Molecular paleohydrology: interpreting the hydrogen-isotopic composition of lipid biomarkers from photosynthesizing organisms. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 40:221–249
Sackett WM (1988) Carbon and hydrogen isotope effects during the thermocatalytic production of hydrocarbons in laboratory simulation experiments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 42:571–580
Sackett WM, Thompson RR (1963) Isotopic organic carbon composition of recent continental derived clastic sediments of Eastern Gulf Coast, Gulf of Mexico. Bull Am Assoc Petrol Geol 47:525
Sackett WM, Eadie BJ, Exner ME (1973) Stable isotope composition of organic carbon in recent Antarctic sediments. Adv Org Geochem 1973:661
Safarian AR, Nielsen SG, Marschall HR, McCubbin FM, Monteleone BD (2014) Early accretion of water in the inner solar system from a carbonaceous-like source. Science 346:623–626
Saino T, Hattori A (1980) 15N natural abundance in oceanic suspended particulate organic matter. Nature 283:752–754
Saino T, Hattori A (1987) Geophysical variation of the water column distribution of suspended particulate organic nitrogen and its 15N natural abundance in the Pacific and its marginal seas. Deep Sea Res 34:807–827
Sakai H (1968) Isotopic properties of sulfur compounds in hydrothermal processes. Geochem J 2:29–49
Sakai H, Casadevall TJ, Moore JG (1982) Chemistry and isotope ratios of sulfur in basalts and volcanic gases at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 46:729–738
Sakai H, DesMarais DJ, Ueda A, Moore JG (1984) Concentrations and isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in ocean-floor basalts. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:2433–2441
Sano Y, Marty B (1995) Origin of carbon in fumarolic gas from island arcs. Chem Geol 119:265–274
Sarntheim M et al (2001) Fundamental modes and abrupt changes in North Atlantic circulation and climate over the last 60 ky—concepts, reconstruction and numerical modeling. In: Schäfer P, Ritzau W, Schlüter M, Thiede J (eds) The northern North Atlantic, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, pp 365–410
Sass E, Kolodny Y (1972) Stable isotopes, chemistry and petrology of carbonate concretions (Mishash formation, Israel). Chem Geol 10:261–286
Savage PS, Georg RB, Williams HM, Turner S, Halliday AN, Chappell BW (2012) The silicon isotope composition of granites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 92:184–202
Savin SM, Epstein S (1970a) The oxygen and hydrogen isotope geochemistry of clay minerals. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 34:25–42
Savin SM, Epstein S (1970b) The oxygen and hydrogen isotope geochemistry of ocean sediments and shales. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 34:43–63
Savin SM, Lee M (1988) Isotopic studies of phyllosilicates. Rev Mineral 19:189–223
Schauble EA (2004) Applying stable isotope fractionation theory to new systems. Rev Mineral Geochem 55: 65-111
Schiegl WE, Vogel JV (1970) Deuterium content of organic matter. Earth Planet Sci Lett 7: 307–313
Schimmelmann A, Lewan MD, Wintsch RP (1999) D/H ratios of kerogen, bitumen, oil and water in hydrous pyrolysis of source rocks containing kerogen types I, II, IIS and III. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63: 3751–3766
Schimmelmann A, Sessions AL, Mastalerz M (2006) Hydrogen isotopic (D/H) composition of organic matter during diagenesis and thermal maturation. Ann.Rev Earth Planet Sci 34: 501–533
Schmidt M, Botz R, Rickert D, Bohrmann G, Hall SR, Mann S (2001) Oxygen isotopes of marine diatoms and relations to opal-A maturation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65: 201–211
Schmidt TC, Zwank L, Elsner M, Berg M, Meckenstock RU, Haderlein SB (2004) Compound-specific stable isotope analysis of organic contaminants in natural environments: a critical review of the state of the art, prospects and future challenges. Anal Bioanal Chem 378:283–300
Schmitt J, Schneider R et al (2012) Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336:711–714
Schmitt AD, Stille P, Vennemann T (2003) Variations of the 44Ca/40Ca ratio in seawater during the past 24 million years: evidence from δ44Ca and δ18O values of Miocene phosphates. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 67:2607–2614
Schoell M (1980) The hydrogen and carbon isotopic composition of methane from natural gases of various origins. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 44:649–661
Schoell M (1983) Genetic characterization of natural gases. Bull Am Assoc Petrol Geol 67:2225–2238
Schoell M (1984) Recent advances in petroleum isotope geochemistry. Org Geochem 6:645–663
Schoell M (1988) Multiple origins of methane in the Earth. Chem Geol 71:1–10
Schoell M, McCaffrey MA, Fago FJ, Moldovan JM (1992) Carbon isotope compositions of 28,30-bisnorhopanes and other biological markers in a Monterey crude oil. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:1391–1399
Schoell M, Schouten S, Sinninghe Damste JS, de Leeuw JW, Summons RE (1994) A molecular organic carbon isotope record of Miocene climatic changes. Science 263:1122–1125
Schoenberg R, von Blanckenburg F (2006) Modes of planetary-scale Fe isotope fractionation. Earth Planet Sci Lett 252:342–359
Schoeninger MJ, DeNiro MJ (1984) Nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of bone collagen from marine and terrestrial animals. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:625–639
Schrag DP (1999) Effects of diagenesis on the isotopic record of late Paleogene tropical sea surface temperature. Chem Geol 161:2265–2278
Schrag DP, Hampt G, Murry DW (1996) Pore fluid constraints on the temperature and oxygen isotopic composition of the Glacial ocean. Science 272:1930–1932
Schwalb A, Burns SJ, Kelts k (1999) Holocene environments from stable isotope stratigraphy of ostracods and authigenic carbonate in Chilean Altiplano lakes. Palaeo, Palaeo, Palaeo 148:153–168
Schwarcz HP, Melbye J, Katzenberg MA, Knyf M (1985) Stable isotopes in human skeletons of southern Ontario: reconstruction of palaeodiet. J Archaeol Sci 12:187–206
Seal RR (2006) Sulfur isotope geochemistry of sulfide minerals. Rev Mineral Geochem 61:633–677
Seccombe PK, Spry PG, Ra Both, Jones MT, Schiller JC (1985) Base metal mineralization in the Kaumantoo Group, South Australia: a regional sulfur isotope study. Econ Geol 80:1824–1841
Seitz HM, Brey GP, Lahaye Y, Durali S, Weyer S (2004) Lithium isotope signatures of peridotite xenoliths and isotope fractionation at high temperature between olivine and pyroxene. Chem Geol 212:163–177
Sessions AL, Sylva SP, Summons RE, Hayes JM (2004) Isotopic exchange of carbon-bound hydrogen over geologic time scales. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68:1545–1559
Severinghaus JP, Brook EJ (1999) Abrupt climate change at the end of the last glacial period inferred from trapped air in polar ice. Science 286:930–934
Severinghaus JP, Bender ML, Keeling RF, Broecker WS (1996) Fractionation of soil gases by diffusion of water vapor, gravitational settling and thermal diffusion. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:1005–1018
Severinghaus JP, Sowers T, Brook EJ, Alley RB, Bender ML (1998) Timing of abrupt climate change at the end of the Younger Dryas interval from thermally fractionated gases in polar ice. Nature 391:141–146
Severinghaus JP, Beaudette R, Headly MA, Taylor K, Brook EJ (2009) Oxygen-18 of O2 records the impact of abrupt climate change on terrestrial biosphere. Science 324:1431–1434
Severmann S, Johnson CM, Beard BL, German CR, Edmonds HN, Chiba H, Green DRH (2004) The effect of plume processes on the Fe isotope composition of hydrothermally derived Fe in the deep ocean as inferred from the Rainbow vent site, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 36° !4 N. Earth Planet Sci Lett 225:63–76
Severmann S, Johnson CM, Beard BL, McManus J (2006) The effect of early diagenesis on the Fe isotope composition of porewaters and authigenic minerals in continental margin sediments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 70:2006–2022
Shackleton NJ, Kennett JP (1975) Paleotemperature history of the Cenozoic and initiation of Antarctic glaciation: oxygen and carbon isotope analyses in DSDP sites 277, 279 and 281. Initial Rep DSDP 29:743–755
Shackleton NJ, Hall MA, Line J, Cang S (1983) Carbon isotope data in core V19-30 confirm reduced carbon dioxide concentration in the ice age atmosphere. Nature 306:319–322
Shahar A, Young ED (2007) Astrophysics of CAI formation as revealed by silicon isotope LA-MC-ICPMS of an igneous CAI. Earth Planet Sci Lett 257:497–510
Shahar A, Ziegler K, Young ED, Ricollaeu A, Schauble E, Fei Y (2009) Experimentally determined Si isotope fractionation between silcate and Fe metal and implications for the Earth’s core formation. Earth Planet Sci Lett 288:228–234
Shahar A, Hillgren VJ, Young ED, Fei Y, Macris CA, Deng L (2011) High-temperature Si isotope fractionation between iron metal and silicate. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 75:7688–7697
Shahar A, Hillgren VJ, Horan MF, Mesa-Garcia J, Kaufman LA, Mock TD (2014) Sulfur-controlled iron isotope fractionation experiments of core formation in planetary bodies. Geochim Cosmochim Acta (in press)
Shanks WC (2001) Stable isotopes in seafloor hydrothermal systems: vent fluids, hydrothermal deposits, hydrothermal alteration, and microbial processes. Rev Mineral Geochem 43:469–525
Sharp ZD (1995) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Al2SiO5 polymorphs. Am J Sci 295:1058–1076
Sharp ZD, Shearer CK, McKeegan KD, Barnes JD, Wang YQ (2010) The chlorine isotope composition of the Moon and implications for an anhydrous mantle. Science 329:10501053
Shaw AM, Hilton DR, Fischer TP, Walker JA, Alvarado GE (2003) Contrasting He-C relationshipsin Nicaragua and Costa Rica: insights into C cycling through subduction zones. Earth Planet Sci Lett 214:499–513
Shaw AM, Hauri EH, Fischer TP, Hilton DR, Kelley KA (2008) Hydrogen isotopes in Mariana arc melt inclusions: implications for subduction dehydration and the deep-earth water cycle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 275:138–145
Shelton KL, Rye DM (1982) Sulfur isotopic compositions of ores from Mines Gaspe, Quebec: An example of sulfate-sulfide isotopic disequilibria in ore forming fluids with applications to other porphyry type deposits. Econ Geol 77:1688–1709
Shemesh A, Kolodny Y, Luz B (1983) Oxygen isotope variations in phosphate of biogenic apatites, II. Phosphorite rocks. Earth Planet Sci Lett 64:405–441
Shen Y, Buick R (2004) The antiquity of microbial sulfate reduction. Earth Sci Rev 64:243–272
Sheppard SMF (1986) Characterization and isotopic variations in natural waters. In: Stable isotopes in high temperature geological processes. Rev Mineral 16:165–183
Sheppard SMF, Epstein S (1970) D/H and O18/O16 ratios of minerals of possible mantle or lower crustal origin. Earth Planet Sci Lett 9:232–239
Sheppard SMF, Gilg HA (1996) Stable isotope geochemistry of clay minerals. Clay Mineral 31:1–24
Sheppard SMF, Harris C (1985) Hydrogen and oxygen isotope geochemistry of Ascension Island lavas and granites: variation with crystal fractionation and interaction with sea water. Contrib Mineral Petrol 91:74–81
Sheppard SMF, Schwarcz HP (1970) Fractionation of carbon and oxygen isotopes and magnesium between coexisting metamorphic calcite and dolomite. Contr Mineral Petrol 26:161–198
Sheppard SMF, Nielsen RL, Taylor HP (1971) Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in minerals from Porphyry Copper deposits. Econ Geol 66:515–542
Sherwood Lollar B, Frape SK, Weise SM, Fritz P, Macko SA, Welhan JA (1993) Abiogenic methanogenesis in crystalline rocks. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:5087–5097
Sherwood Lollar B, Westgate TD, Ward JA, Slater GF, Lacrampe-Couloume G (2002) Abiogenic formation of alkanes in the Earth’s crust as a minor source for global hydrocarbons reservoirs. Nature 416:522–524
Sherwood Lollar B et al (2006) Unravelling abiogenic and biogenic sources of methane in the earth,s deep subsurface. Chem Geol 226:328–339
Shieh YN, Schwarcz HP (1974) Oxygen isotope studies of granite and migmatite, Grenville province of Ontario, Canada. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 38:21–45
Shields G, Veizer J (2002) Precambrian marine carbonate isotope database: version 1.1. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 300. doi:10.1029/2001GC000266
Shirey et al (2013) RIMG
Shmulovich KI, Landwehr D, Simon K, Heinrich W (1999) Stable isotope fractionation between liquid and vapour in water-salt systems up to 600 °C. Chem Geol 157:343–354
Simon K (2001) Does δD from fluid inclusions in quartz reflect the original hydrothermal fluid? Chem Geol 177:483–495
Simon JI, dePaolo DJ (2010) Stable calcium isotopic composition of meteorites and rocky planets. Earth Planet Sci Lett 289:457–466
Simon L, Lecuyer C, Marechal C, Coltice N (2006) Modelling the geochemical cycle of boron: implications for the long-term d11B evolution of seawater and oceanic crust. Chem Geol 225:61–76
Skauli H, Boyce AJ, Fallick AE (1992) A sulphur isotope study of the Bleikvassli Zn-Pb-Cu deposit, Nordland, northern Norway. Mineral Deposita 27:284–292
Skirrow R, Coleman ML (1982) Origin of sulfur and geothermometry of hydrothermal sulfides from the Galapagos Rift, 86°W. Nature 249:142–144
Smith JW, Batts BD (1974) The distribution and isotopic composition of sulfur in coal. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 38:121–123
Smith JW, Gould KW, Rigby D (1982) The stable isotope geochemistry of Australian coals. Org Geochem 3:111–131
Snyder G, Poreda R, Hunt A, Fehn U (2001) Regional variations in volatile composition: isotopic evidence for carbonate recycling in the Central American volcanic arc. Geochem Geophys Geosystems 2:U1–U32
Sofer Z (1984) Stable carbon isotope compositions of crude oils: application to source depositional environments and petroleum alteration. Am Assoc Petrol Geol Bull 68:31–49
Sofer Z, Gat JR (1972) Activities and concentrations of oxygen-18 in concentrated aqueous salt solutions: analytical and geophysical implications. Earth Planet Sci Lett 15:232–238
Sonnerup RE, Quay PD, McNichol AP, BullisterJL Westby TA, Anderson HL (1999) Reconstructing the oceanic 13C Suess effect. Global Biogeochem Cycles 13:857–872
Sowers T (2001) The N2O record spanning the penultimate deglaciation from the Vostok ice core. J Geophys Res 106:31903–31914
Sowers T, Bender M, Raynaud D, Korotkevich YS, Orchardo J (1991) The δ18O of atmospheric O2 from air inclusions in the Vostok ice core: timing of CO2 and ice volume changes during the Penultimate deglaciation. Paleoceanography 6:679–696
Sowers T, Bender M, Raynaud D, Korotkevich YS (1992) δ15N of N2 in air trapped in polar ice: a tracer of gas transport in the firn and a possible constraint on ice age-gas age differences. J Geophys Res 97:15683–15697
Sowers T et al (1993) A 135000 year Vostock-SPECMAP common temporal framework. Paleoceanography 8:737–766
Spero HJ, Bijma J, Lea DW, Bemis BE (1997) Effect of seawater carbonate concentration on foraminiferal carbon and oxygen isotopes. Nature 390:497–500
Spicuzza M, Day J, Taylor L, Valley JW (2007) Oxygen isotope constraints on the origin and differentiation of the Moon. Earth Planet Sci Lett 253:254–265
Spivack AJ, Edmond JM (1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51:1033–1043
Stachel T, Harris JW, Muehlenbachs K (2009) Sources of carbon in inclusion bearing diamonds. Lithos 112S:625–637
Stahl W (1977) Carbon and nitrogen isotopes in hydrocarbon research and exploration. Chem Geol 20:121–149
Steele RC, Elliott T, Coath CD, Regelous M (2011) Confirmation of mass-independent Ni isotopic variability in iron meteorites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 75:7906–7925
Steinhoefel G, Horn I, von Blanckenburg F (2009) Micro-scale tracing of Fe and Si isotope signatues in banded iron formation using femtosecond laser ablation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 73:5343–5360
Steinhoefel G, von Blanckenburg F, Horn I, Konhauser KO, Beukes NJ, Gutzmer J (2010) Deciphering formation processes of banded iron formations from the Transvaal and Hamersley successions by combined Si and Fe isotope analysis using UV femtosecond laser ablation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74:2677–2696
Stern LA, Chamberlain CP, Reynolds RC, Johnson GD (1997) Oxygen isotope evidence of climate change from pedogenic clay minerals in the Himalayan molasse. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:731–744
Sternberg LS, Anderson WT, Morrison K (2002) Separating soil and leaf water 18O isotope signals in plant stem cellulose. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 67:2561–2566
Steuber T, Buhl D (2006) Calcium-isotope fractionation in selected modern and ancient marine carbonates. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 70:5507–5521
Stevens CM (1988) Atmospheric methane. Chem Geol 71:11–21
Stevens CM, Krout L, Walling D, Venters A, Engelkemeier A, Ross LE (1972) The isotopic composition of atmospheric carbon monoxide. Earth Planet Sci Lett 16:1457–165
Stewart MK (1974) Hydrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation during crystallization of mirabilite and ice. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 38:167–172
Stolper DA, Sessions AL, Ferreira AA, Santos Neto EV, Schimmelmann A, Shusta SS, Valentine DL, Eiler JM (2014) Combined 13C-D and D-D clumping in methane: methods and preliminary results. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 126:169–191
Strauß H (1997) The isotopic composition of sedimentary sulfur through time. Palaeo, Palaeo, Palaeo 132:97–118
Strauß H (1999) Geological evolution from isotope proxy signals—sulfur. Chem Geol 161:89–101
Strauß H, Peters-Kottig W (2003) The Phanerozoic carbon cycle revisited: the carbon isotope composition of terrestrial organic matter. Geochem Geophys Geosys 4:1083. doc:10.1029/2003GC000555
Stueber AM, Walter LM (1991) Origin and chemical evolution of formation waters from Silurian—Devonian strata in the Illinois basin. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55:309–325
Styrt MM, Brackmann AJ, Holland HD, Clark BC, Pisutha-Arnold U, Eldridge CS, Ohmoto H (1981) The mineralogy and the isotopic composition of sulfur in hydrothermal sulfide/sulfate deposits on the East Pacific Rise, 21°N latitude. Earth Planet Sci Lett 53:382–390
Sugawara S, Nakazawa T, Shirakawa Y, Kawamura K, Aoki S, Machida T, Honda H (1998) Vertical profile of the carbon isotope ratio of stratospheric methane over Japan. Geophys Res Lett 24:2989–2992
Summons RE, Jahnke LL, Roksandic Z (1994) Carbon isotopic fractionation in lipids from methanotrophic bacteria: relevance for interpretation of the geochemical record of biomarkers. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58:2853–2863
Sweeney RE, Kaplan IR (1980) Natural abundance of 15N as a source indicator for near-shore marine sedimentary and dissolved nitrogen. Mar Chem 9:81–94
Sweeney RE, Liu KK, Kaplan IR (1978) Oceanic nitrogen isotopes and their use in determining the source of sedimentary nitrogen. In: Robinson BW (ed) DSIR Bull 220:9–26
Talbot MR (1990) A review of the palaeohydrological interpretation of carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios in primary lacustrine carbonates. Chem Geol 80:261–279
Tanaka R, Nakamura E (2005) Boron isotopic constraints on the source of Hawaiian shield lavas. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:3385–3399
Tang Y, Perry JK, Jenden PD, Schoell M (2000) Mathematical modeling of stable carbon isotope ratios in natural gases. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64:2673–2687
Tang Y, Huang Y, Ellis GS, Wang Y, Kralert PG, Gillaizeau B, Ma Q, Hwang R (2005) A kinetic model for thermally induced hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation of individual n-alkanes in crude oil. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:4505–4520
Taran YA, Kliger GA, Sevastianov VS (2007) Carbon isotope effect in the open system Fischer Trosch synthesis. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 71:4474–4487
Taylor HP (1968) The oxygen isotope geochemistry of igneous rocks. Contr Mineral Petrol 19:1–71
Taylor HP (1974) The application of oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies to problems of hydrothermal alteration and ore deposition. Econ Geol 69:843–883
Taylor HP (1977) Water/rock interactions and the origin of H2O in granite batholiths. J Geol Soc 133:509
Taylor HP (1978) Oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies of plutonic granitic rocks. Earth Planet Sci Lett 38:177–210
Taylor HP (1980) The effects of assimilation of country rocks by magmas on 18O/16O and 87Sr/86Sr systematics in igneous rocks. Earth Planet Sci Lett 47:243–254
Taylor HP (1986a) Igneous rocks: II. Isotopic case studies of circumpacific magmatism. In: Stable isotopes in high temperature geological processes. Review in Mineralogy, vol 16. pp 273–317
Taylor BE (1986b) Magmatic volatiles: isotopic variation of C, H and S. Rev Mineral 16:185–225
Taylor BE (1987a) Stable isotope geochemistry of ore-forming fluids. In: Stable isotope geochemistry of low-temperature fluids. Short Course Mineralogical Association Canada, vol 13, pp 337–445
Taylor HP (1987b) Comparison of hydrothermal systems in layered gabbros and granites, and the origin of low-δ18O magmas. In: Magmatic processes: physicochemical principles. The Geochemical Society Special Publication, vol 1. pp 337–357
Taylor HP (1988) Oxygen, hydrogen and strontium isotope constraints on the origin of granites. Trans Royal Soc Edinburgh: Earth Sci 79:317–338
Taylor HP (1997) Oxygen and hydrogen isotope relationships in hydrothermal mineral deposits. In: Barnes HL (ed) Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits, 3rd edn. Wiley-Interscience p, New York, pp 229–302
Taylor BE, Bucher-Nurminen K (1986) Oxygen and carbon isotope and cation geochemistry of metasomatic carbonates and fluids - Bergell aureole, Northern Italy. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 50:1267–1279
Taylor HP, Forester RW (1979) An oxygen and hydrogen isotope study of the Skaergaard intrusion and its country rocks: a description of a 55 M.Y. old fossil hydrothermal system. J Petrol 20:355–419
Taylor BE, O’Neil JR (1977) Stable isotope studies of metasomatic Ca-Fe-Al-Si skarns and associated metamorphic and igneous rocks, Osgood Mountains, Nevada. Contr Mineral Petrol 63:1–49
Taylor HP, Sheppard SMF (1986b) Igneous rocks: I.Processes of isotopic fractionation and isotope systematics. In: Stable isotopes in high temperature geological processes. Review in Mineralogy, vol 16. pp 227–271
Taylor BE, Wheeler MC (1994) Sulfur- and oxygen isotope geochemistry of acid mine drainage in the Western United States. In: Environmental geochemistry of sulphide oxidation. American Chemical Society Symposium Series, vol 550. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 481–514
Taylor BE, Eichelberger JC, Westrich HR (1983) Hydrogen isotopic evidence of rhyolitic magma degassing during shallow intrusion and eruption. Nature 306:541–545
Taylor HP, Turi B, Cundari A (1984) 18O/16O and chemical relationships in K-rich volcanic rocks from Australia, East Africa, Antarctica and San Venanzo Cupaello, Italy. Earth Planet Sci Lett 69:263–276
Teece MA, Fogel ML (2007) Stable carbon isotope biogeochemistry of monosaccharides in aquatic organisms and terrestrial plants. Org Geochem 38:458–473
Telmer KH, Veizer J (1999) Carbon fluxes, pCO2 and substrate weathering in a large northern river basin, Canada: carbon isotope perspective. Chem Geol 159:61–86
Thiagarajan N, Adkins J, Eiler J (2011) Carbonate clumped isotope thermometry of deep-sea corals and implications for vital effects. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 75:4416–4425
Thiel V, Peckmann J, Seifert R, Wehrung P, Reitner J, Michaelis W (1999) Highly isotopically depleted isoprenoids: molecular markers for ancient methane venting. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:3959–3966
Thiemens MH (1988) Heterogeneity in the nebula: evidence from stable isotopes. In: Kerridge JF, Matthews MS (eds) Meteorites and the early solar system, University of Arizona Press, pp 899–923
Thiemens MH (1999) Mass-independent isotope effects in planetary atmospheres and the early solar system. Science 283:341–345
Thiemens MH (2006) History and applications of mass-independent isotope effects. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 34:217–262
Thiemens MH, Jackson T, Zipf EC, Erdman PW, van Egmond C (1995) Carbon dioxide and oxygen isotope anomalies in the mesophere and stratosphere. Science 270:969–972
Thode HG, Monster J (1964) The sulfur isotope abundances in evaporites and in ancient oceans. In: Vinogradov AP (ed) Proceedings of geochemistry conference commemorating the centenary of V I Vernadskii’s birth, vol 2, 630 p
Thomassot E, Cartigny P, Harris JW, Lorand JP, Rollion-Bard C, Chaussidon M (2009) Metasomatic diamond growth: a multi-isotope study (13C, 15N, 33S, 34S) of sulphide inclusions and their host diamonds from Jwaneng (Botswana). Earth Planet Sci Lett 282:79–90
Thompson P, Schwarcz HP, Ford DE (1974) Continental Pleistocene climatic variationa from speleothem age and isotopic data. Science 184:893–895
Thompson LG, Mosley-Thompson E, Henderson KA (2000) Ice-core palaeoclimate records in tropical South America since the last glacial maximum. J Quat Sci 15:377–394
Thompson LG et al (2006) Abrupt tropical climate change: past and present. Proc Nat Acad Sci 103:10536–10543
Tiedemann R, Sarntheim M, Shackleton NJ (1994) Astronomic timescale for the Pliocene Atlantic δ18O and dust flux records of Ocean Drilling Program site 659. Paleoceanography 9:619–638
Tilley B, Muehlenbachs K (2013) Isotope reversals and universal stages and trends of gas maturation in sealed self-contained petroleum systems. Chem Geol (in press)
Todd CS, Evans BW (1993) Limited fluid-rock interaction at marble-gneiss contacts during Cretaceous granulite-facies metamorphism, Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Contr Mineral Petrol 114:27–41
Tripati AK, Eagle RA, Thiagarajan N, Gagnon AC, Bauch H, Halloran PR, Eiler JM (2010) 13C-18O isotope signaturesand “clumped isotope” thermometry in foraminifera and coccoliths. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74:5697–5717
Trudinger PA, Chambers LA, Smith JW (1985) Low temperature sulphate reduction: biological versus abiological. Can J Earth Sci 22:1910–1918
Trudinger CM, Enting IG, Francey RJ, Etheridge DM, Rayner PJ (1999) Long-term variability in the global carbon cycle inferred from a high-precision CO2 and δ13C ice-core record. Tellus 51B:233–248
Truesdell AH, Hulston JR (1980) Isotopic evidence on environments of geothermal systems. In: Fritz P, Fontes J (eds) Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry, vol I. Elsevier, New York Amsterdam, pp 179–226
Trust BA, Fry B (1992) Stable sulphur isotopes in plants: a review. Plant Cell Environ 15:1105–1110
Tucker ME, Wright PV (1990) Carbonate sedimentology. Blackwell Scientific Publishing, London, pp 365–400
Tudge AP (1960) A method of analysis of oxygen isotopes in orthophosphate—its use in the measurement of paleotemperatures. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 18:81–93
Turchin AV, Schrag DP (2006) Cenozoic evolution of the sulphur cycle: insight from oxygen isotopes in marine sulphate. Earth Planet Sci Lett 241:763–779
Turchyn AV, Schrag DP (2004) Oxygen isotope constraints on the sulfur cycle over the past 10 million years. Science 303:2004–2007
Uemura R, Abe O, Motoyama H (2010) Determining the 17O/16O ratio of water using a water–CO2 equilibration method: application to glacial-interglacial changes in 17O excess from the Dome Fuji ice core Antarctica. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74:4919–4936
Urey HC (1947) The thermodynamic properties of isotopic substances. J Chem Soc 1947:562
Usui T, Alexander CM, Wang J, Simon JI, Jones JH (2012) Origin of water and mantle-crust interactions on Mars inferred from hydrogen isotopes and volatile element abundances of olivine-hosted melt inclusions of primitive shergottites. Earth Planet Sci Lett 357–358:119–129
Valdes MC, Moreira M, Foriel J, Moynier F (2014) The nature of Earth’s building blocks as revealed by calcium isotopes. Earth Planet Sci Lett 394:135–145
Valley JW (1986) Stable isotope geochemistry of metamorphic rocks. Rev Mineral 16:445–489
Valley JW (2001) Stable isotope thermometry at high temperatures. Rev Mineral Geochem 43:365–413
Valley JW (2003) Oxygen isotopes in zircon. Rev Mineral Geochem 53:343–385
Valley JW, Bohlen SR, Essene EJ, Lamb W (1990) Metamorphism in the Adirondacks. II. J Petrol 31:555–596
Valley JW, Eiler JM, Graham CM, Gibson EK, Romanek CS, Stolper EM (1997) Low temperature carbonate concretions in the martian meteorite ALH 84001: evidence from stable isotopes and mineralogy. Science 275:1633–1637
Valley JW et al (2005) 4.4 billion years of crustal maturation: oxygen isotope ratios in magmatic zircon. Contr Mineral Petrol 150:561–580
Vasconcelos C, Mackenzie JA, Warthmann R, Bernasconi S (2005) Calibration of the δ18O paleothermometer for dolomite precipitated in microbial cultures and natural environments. Geology 33:317–320
Vazquez R, Vennemann TW, Kesler SE, Russell N (1998) Carbon and oxygen isotope halos in the host limestone, El Mochito Zn, Pb (Ag) skarn massive sulfide/oxide deposit, Honduras. Econ Geol 93:15–31
Veizer J, Hoefs J (1976) The nature of 18O/16O and 13C/12C secular trends in sedimentary carbonate rocks. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 40:1387–1395
Veizer J et al (1997) Oxygen isotope evolution of Phanerozoic seawater. Palaeo, Palaeo, Palaeo 132:159–172
Veizer J et al (1999) 87Sr/86Sr, δ13C and δ18O evolution of Phanerozoic seawater. Chem Geol 161:37–57
Vennemann TW, Kesler SE, O’Neil JR (1992) Stable isotope composition of quartz pebbles and their fluid inclusions as tracers of sediment provenance: implications for gold- and uranium-bearing quartz pebble conglomerates. Geology 20:837–840
Vennemann TW, Kesler SE, Frederickson GC, Minter WEL, Heine RR (1996) Oxygen isotope sedimentology of gold and uranium-bearing Witwatersrand and Huronian Supergroup quartz pebble conglomerates. Econ Geol 91:322–342
Vennemann TW, Fricke HC, Blake RE, O’Neil JR, Colman A (2002) Oxygen isotope analysis of phosphates: a comparison of techniques for analysis of Ag3PO4. Chem Geol 185:321–336
VennemannTW Smith HS (1992) Stable isotope profile across the orthoamphibole isograd in the Southern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt, S Africa. Precambrian Res 55:365–397
Viers J et al (2007) Evidence of Zn isotope fractionation in a soil-plant system of a pristine tropical watershed (Nsimi, Cameroon). Chem Geol 239:124–137
Virtasalo JJ, Whitehouse MJ, Kotilainen AT (2013) Iron isotope heterogeneity in pyrite fillings of Holocene worm burrows. Geology 41:39–42
Voegelin AR, Nägler TF, Beukes NJ, Lacassie JP (2010) Molybdenum isotopes in late Archean carbonate rocks: implications for early Earth oxygenation. Precambr Res 182:70–82
Von Grafenstein U, Erlenkeuser H, Trimborn P (1999) Oxygen and carbon isotopes in fresh-water ostracod valves: assessing vital offsets and autoecological effects of interest for paleoclimate studies. Palaeo, Palaeo, Palaeo 148:133–152
Wacker U, Fiebig J, Tödter J, Schöne BR, Bahr A, Friedrich O, Tütken T, Gischler E, Joachimski MM (2014) Emperical calibration of the clumped isotope paleothermometer using calcites of various origins. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 141:127–144
Wada E, Hattori A (1976) Natural abundance of 15N in particulate organic matter in North Pacific Ocean. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 40:249–251
Wallmann K (2001) The geological water cycle and the evolution of marine δ18O values. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65:2469–2485
Wang Y, Sessions AL, Nielsen RJ, Goddard WA (2009) Equilibrium 2H/1H fractionations in organic molecules. II: Linear alkanes, alkenes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, alcohols and ethers. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 73:7076–7086
Wang Z, Chapellaz J, Park K, Mak JE (2011) Large variations in southern biomass burning during the last 650 years. Science 330:1663–1666
Wanner C, Sonnenthal EL, Liu XM (2014) Seawater δ7Li: a direct proxy for global CO2 consumption by continental silicate weathering? Chem Geol 381:154–167
Warren CG (1972) Sulfur isotopes as a clue to the genetic geochemistry of a roll-type uranium deposit. Econ Geol 67:759–767
Waterhouse JS, Cheng S, Juchelka D, Loader NJ, McCarroll D, Switsur R, Gautam L (2013) Position-specific measurement of oxygen isotope ratios in cellulose: isotope exchange during heterotrophic cellulose synthesis. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 112:178–192
Watson LL, Hutcheon ID, Epstein S, Stolper EM (1994) Water on Mars: clues from deuterium/hydrogen and water contents of hydrous phases in SNC meteorites. Science 265:86–90
Weber JN, Raup DM (1966a) Fractionation of the stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in marine calcareous organisms-the Echinoidea. I. Variation of 13C and 18O content within individuals. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 30:681–703
Weber JN, Raup DM (1966b) Fractionation of the stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in marine calcareous organisms-the Echinoidea. II. Environmental and genetic factors. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 30:705–736
Webster CR, Mahaffy PR et al (2013) Isotope ratios of H, C, and O in CO2 and H2O of the Martian atmosphere. Science 341:260–263
Wefer G, Berger WH (1991) Isotope paleontology: growth and composition of extant calcareous species. Mar Geol 100:207–248
Welch SA, Beard BL, Johnson CM, Braterman PS (2003) Kinetic and equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation between aqueous Fe(II) and Fe(III). Geochim Cosmochim Acta 67:4231–4250
Welhan JA (1987) Stable isotope hydrology. In: Short course in stable isotope geochemistry of low-temperature fluids. Mineral Assoc Canada, vol 13, pp 129–161
Welhan JA (1988) Origins of methane in hydrothermal systems. Chem Geol 71:183–198
Well R, Flessa H (2009) Isotopogue enrichment factors of N2O reduction in soils. Rapid Commum Mass Spectrom 23:2996–3002
Wenzel B, Lecuyer C, Joachimski MM (2000) Comparing oxygen isotope records of Silurian calcite and phosphate—δ18O composition of brachiopods and conodonts. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:1859–1872
Westerhausen L, Poynter J, Eglinton G, Erlenkeuser H, Sarntheim M (1993) Marine and terrigenous origin of organic matter in modern sediments of the equatorial East Atlantic: the δ13C and molecular record. Deep Sea Res 40:1087–1121
Weyer S, Ionov D (2007) Partial melting and melt percolation in the mantle: the message from Fe isotopes. Earth Planet Sci Lett 259:119–133
Weyer S, Anbar AD, Brey GP, Münker C, Mezger K (2005) Iron isotope fractionation during planetary differentiation. Earth Planet Sci Lett 240:251–264
White JWC (1989) Stable hydrogen isotope ratios in plants: a review of current theory and some potential applications. In: Stable isotopes in ecological research, Ecological Studies, vol 68. Springer, New York, pp 142–162
White JWC, Lawrence JR, Broecker WS (1994) Modeling and interpreting D/H ratios in tree rings: a test case of white pine in the northeastern United States. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58:851–862
Whiticar MJ (1999) Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of methane. Chem Geol 161:291–314
Whiticar MJ, Faber E, Schoell M (1986) Biogenic methane formation in marine and freshwater environments: CO2 reduction vs. acetate fermentation-Isotopic evidence. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 50:693–709
Whittacker SG, Kyser TK (1990) Effects of sources and diagenesis on the isotopic and chemical composition of carbon and sulfur in Cretaceous shales. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54:2799–2810
Wickham SM, Taylor HR (1985) Stable isotope evidence for large-scale seawater infiltration in a regional metamorphic terrane; the Trois Seigneurs Massif, Pyrenees, France. Contrib Mineral Petrol 91:122–137
Wickman FE (1952) Variation in the relative abundance of carbon isotopes in plants. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 2:243–254
Wiechert U, Halliday AN (2007) Non-chondritic magnesium and the origin of the inner terrestrial planets. Earth Planet Sci Lett 256:360–371
Wiechert U, Halliday AN, Lee D-C, Snyder GA, Taylor LA, Rumble D (2001) Oxygen isotopes and the moon forming giant impact. Science 294:345–348
Wille M, Kramers JD, Nägler TF, Beukes NJ, Schroder S, Meiser T, Lacassie JP, Voegelin AR (2007) Evidence for a gradual rise of oxygen between 2.6 and 2.5 Ga from Mo isotopes and Re-PGE signatures in shales. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 71:2417–2435
Wille M, Nebel O, Van Kranendonk MJ, Schoenberg R, Kleinhans IC, Ellwood MJ (2013) Mo-Cr evidence for a reducing Archean atmosphere in 3.46–2.76 Ga black shales from the Pilbara, western Australia. Chem Geol 340:68–76
Williams HM, Archer C (2011) Copper stable isotopes as tracers of metal-sulphide segregation and fractional crystallization processeson iron meteorite parent bodies. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 75:3166–3178
Williams HM, Markowski A, Quitte G, Halliday AN, Teutsch N, Levasseur S (2006) Fe isotope fractionations in iron meteorites: new insight into metal-sulphide segregation and planetary accretion. Earth Planet Sci Lett 250:486–500
Williams HM, Wood BJ, Wade J, Frost DJ, Tuff J (2012) Isotopic evidence for internal oxidation of the Earth’s mantle during accretion. Earth Planet Sci Lett 321–322:54–63
Wong WW, Sackett WM (1978) Fractionation of stable carbon isotopes by marine phytoplankton. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 42:1809–1815
Wortmann UG, Chernyavsky B, Bernasconi SM, Brunner B, Böttcher ME, Swart PK (2007) Oxygen isotope biogeochemistry of pore water sulfate in the deep biosphere: dominance of isotope exchange reactions with ambient water during microbial sulfate reduction (ODP Site 1130). Geochim Cosmochim Acta 71:4221–4232
Wright I, Grady MM, Pillinger CT (1990) The evolution of atmospheric CO2 on Mars: the perspective from carbon isotope measurements. J Geophys Res 95:14789–14794
Wu L, Beard BL, Roden EE, Johnson CM (2011) Stable iron isotope fractionation between aqueous Fe (II) and hydrous ferric oxide. Environ Sci Technol 45:1845–1852
Xia J, Ito E, Engstrom DE (1997a) Geochemistry of ostracode calcite: part I. An experimental determination of oxygen isotope fractionation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:377–382
Xia J, Engstrom DE, Ito E (1997b) Geochemistry of ostracode calcite: part 2. The effects of water chemistry and seasonal temperature variation on Candona rawsoni. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:383–391
Xia X, Chen J, Braun R, Tang Y (2013) Isotopic reversals with respect to maturity trends due to mixing of primary and secondary products in source rocks. Chem Geol (in press)
Xiao Y, Hoefs J, van den Kerkhof AM, Simon K, Fiebig J, Zheng YF (2002) Fluid evolution during HP and UHP metamorphism in Dabie Shan, China: constraints from mineral chemistry, fluid inclusions and stable isotopes. J Petrol 43:1505–1527
Xiao Y, Zhang Z, Hoefs J, van den Kerkhof A (2006) Ultrahigh pressure rocks from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project: II Oxygen isotope and fluid inclusion distributions through vertical sections. Contr Mineral Petrol 152:443–458
Yang J, Epstein S (1984) Relic interstellar grains in Murchison meteorite. Nature 311:544–547
Yang C, Telmer K, Veizer J (1996) Chemical dynamics of the “St Lawrence” riverine system: δDH2O, δ18OH2O, δ13CDIC, δ34SSO4 and dissolved 87Sr/86Sr. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:851–866
Yapp CJ (1983) Stable hydrogen isotopes in iron oxides—isotope effects associated with the dehydration of a natural goethite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 47:1277–1287
Yapp CJ (1987) Oxygen and hydrogen isotope variations among goethites (α-FeOOH) and the determination of paleotemperatures. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51:355–364
Yapp CJ (2007) Oxygen isotopes in synthetic goethite and a model for the apparent pH dependence of goethite-water 18O/16O fractionation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 71:1115–1129
Yapp CJ, Epstein S (1982) Reexamination of cellulose carbon-bound hydrogen δD measurements and some factors affecting plant-water D/H relationships. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 46:955–965
Yokochi R, Marty B, Chazot G, Burnard P (2009) Nitrogen in perigotite xenoliths: lithophile behaviour and magmatic isotope fractionation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 73:4843–4861
Yoshida N, Toyoda S (2000) Constraining the atmospheric N2O budget from intramolecular site preference in N2O isotopomers. Nature 405:330–334
Yoshida N, Hattori A, Saino T, Matsuo S, Wada E (1984) 15N/14N ratio of dissolved N2O in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Nature 307:442–444
Young ED (1993) On the 18O/16O record of reaction progress in open and closed metamorphic systems. Earth Planet Sci Lett 117:147–167
Young ED, Rumble D (1993) The origin of correlated variations in in-situ 18O/16O and elemental concentrations in metamorphic garnet from southeastern Vermont, USA. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:2585–2597
Young ED, Ash RD, England P, Rumble D (1999) Fluid flow in chondritic parent bodies: deciphering the compositions of planetesimals. Science 286:1331–1335
Young ED, Tonui E, Manning CE, Schauble E, Macris CA (2009a) Spinel-olivine magnesium isotope thermometry in the mantle and implications for the Mg isotopic composition of Earth. Earth Planet Sci Lett 288:524–533
Young MB, McLaughlin K, Kendall C, Stringfellow W, Rollow M, Elsbury K, Donald E, Payton A (2009b) Characterizing the oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate sources to aquatic ecosystems. Environ Sci Techn 43:5190–5196
Young ED, Manning CE, Schauble EA, Shahar A, Macris CA, Lazar C, Jordan M (2015) High-temperature equilibrium isotope fractionation of non-traditional isotopes: experiments, theory and applications. Chem Geol 395:176–195
Yurimoto A, Krot A, Choi BG, Aléon J, Kunihiro T, Brearly AJ (2008) Oxygen isotopes in chondritic components. Rev Mineral Geochem 68:141–186
Yurtsever Y (1975) Worldwide survey of stable isotopes in precipitation. Rep Sect Isotope Hydrol IAEA, November 1975, 40 pp
Zaback DA, Pratt LM (1992) Isotopic composition and speciation of sulfur in the Miocene Monterey Formation: reevaluation of sulfur reactions during early diagenesis in marine environments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:763–774
Zachos J, Pagani M, Sloan L, Thomas E, Billups K (2001) Trends, rhythms and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science 292:686–693
Zeebe RE (1999) An explanation of the effect of seawater carbonate concentration on foraminiferal oxygen isotopes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:2001–2007
Zeebe RE (2010) A new value for the stable oxygen isotope fractionation between dissolved sulfate ion and water. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74:818–828
Zhang T, Krooss BM (2001) Experimental investigation on the carbon isotope fractionation of methane during gas migration by diffusion through sedimentary rocks at elevated temperature and pressure. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65:2723–2742
Zhang HF et al (2000) Recent fluid processes in the Kapvaal craton, South Africa: coupled oxygen isotope and trace element disequilibrium in polymict peridotites. Earth Planet Sci Lett 176:57–72
Zhang R, Schwarcz HP, Ford DC, Schroeder FS, Beddows PA (2008) An absolute paleotemperature record from 10 to 6 ka inferred from fluid inclusion D/H ratios of a stalagmite from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 72:1014–1026
Zheng YF, Böttcher ME (2015) Oxygen isotope fractionation in double carbonates. Isotopes Environmental Health Studies (in press)
Zheng YF, Hoefs J (1993) Carbon and oxygen isotopic vovariations in hydrothermal calcites. Theoretical modeling on mixing processes and application to Pb-Zn deposits in the Harz Mountains, Germany. Mineral Deposita 28:79–89
Zheng YF, Fu B, Li Y, Xiao Y, Li S (1998) Oxygen and hydrogen isotope geochemistry of ultra-high pressure eclogites from the Dabie mountains and the Sulu terrane. Earth Planet Sci Lett 155:113–129
Zhu XK, O’Nions RK, Guo Y, Belshaw NS, Rickard D (2000a) Determination of natural Cu-isotope variations by plasma-source mass spectrometry: implications for use as geochemical tracers. Chem Geol 163:139–149
Zhu XK, O’Nions K, Guo Y, Reynolds BC (2000b) Secular variations of iron isotopes in North Atlantic Deep Water. Science 287:2000–2002
Ziegler K, Young ED, Schauble E, Wasson JT (2010) Metal-silicate silicon isotope fractionationin enstatite meteorites and constraints on Earth’s core formation. Earth Planet Sci Lett 295:487–496
Zierenberg RA, Shanks WC, Bischoff JL (1984) Massive sulfide deposit at 21°N, East Pacific Rise: chemical composition, stable isotopes, and phase equilibria. Bull Geol Soc Am 95:922–929
Zimmer MM, Fischer TP, Hilton DR, Alvaredo GE, Sharp ZD, Walker JA (2004) Nitrogen systematics and gas fluxes of subduction zones: insights from Costa Rica arc volatiles. Geochem Geophys Geosys 5:Q05J11. doi:10.1029/2003GC000651
Zinner E (1998) Stellar nucleosynthesis and the isotopic composition of presolar grains from primitive meteorites. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 26:147–188
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hoefs, J. (2015). Variations of Stable Isotope Ratios in Nature. In: Stable Isotope Geochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19716-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19716-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-19715-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-19716-6
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)