Abstract
The organism’s reactions to changes in the environment require mobilizing numerous physiological systems, and therefore a certain amount of time. The more difficult the reaction, the more time its realization requires. However, too slow reactions may become meaningless. In the course of evolution, a mechanism has evolved to ameliorate this situation. Information on the probabilistic structure of previous individual experience is stored in memory. On the basis of this information, a probabilistic prognosis is constructed regarding the most likely future events. If in earlier experience an event A followed event B with high probability, then in response to the actual occurrence of A, the organism is able to execute a presetting: it is able to activate the structures necessary for reacting to the not yet present, but highly probable prognosed event B. The more highly developed the organism is, the better its capacity for probabilistic prognosis, and the more accurate, quick, and economic its reactions to changes in the surrounding environment.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The translation refers to the English version of Bernstein, New Lines of Development in Contemporary Physiology. Journal of Russian and East European Psychology 4: 2, pp. 60–67 (2006).
- 2.
We use a verb “to prognose” derived from the Greek prognosis, “prerecognition”.
References
Ukhtomsky, A.A.: For the Fifteenth Anniversary of Soviet Physiology. Gosmedizdat, Leningrad, Moscow (1933)
Bernstein, N.A.: Current problems in the theoretical physiology of activity. Probl. Cybern. 6, 101–160 (1961). [In Russian]
Bernstein, N.A.: New lines of development in contemporary physiology. In: Letaveta, A.A., Farfel, V.S. (eds.) Conference Materials on Methods of Physiological Research, pp. 15–21, Moscow (1962). [In Russian]
Feigenberg, I.M.: Probabilistic prognosis and presetting for action. In: Cybernetic Aspects of Integrative Brain Activities. XVIII International Congress of Psychology. Symposium 2, pp. 132–138, Moscow (1966). [In Russian]
Bernstein, N.A.: Physiology of Movements and Activity. Nauka, Moscow (1990). [In Russian]
Feigenberg, J.M.: Probabilistic Prognosis in Human Action and the Behavior of Animals. Newdiamed, Moscow (2008). [In Russian]
Feigenberg, J.M., Lavrik, V.: School teacher and society. http://elektron2000.com/feigen_lavrik_0252.html
Feigenberg, J.M.: Seeing, Foreseeing, Acting. Znanye, Moscow (1986)
Bernstein, N.A.: On dexterity and its development. In: Latash, M.L., Turvey, M. (eds.) Dexterity and its Development, pp. 1–244. Mahwah, New Jersey (1996)
Feigenberg, I.M.: Some features of the similarity and dissimilarity of conditioned and orienting reactions. In: Integrative Forms of Conditioned Reflexes. XVIII International Congress of Psychology. Symposium 3, pp. 90–94, Moscow (1966). [In Russian]
Feigenberg, I.M.: Probabilistic prognosis and its significance in normal and pathological subjects. In: Cole, M., Maltzman, I. (eds.) A Handbook of Contemporary Soviet Psychology, pp. 354–369. Basic Books, New York (1969)
Feigenberg, I.M.: Probability prognosis and schizophrenia. Soviet Sci. Rev. 2(2), 119–123 (1971). [In Russian]
Feigenberg, I.M., Ivannikov V.A.: Relationships between conditioned and orienting responses. Soviet Psychol. IX(3), 271–285 (1971). [In Russian]
Feigenberg, I.M.: Disorders of probability prediction in schizophrenia. Soviet Psychol. XII(4), 3–22 (1974). [In Russian]
Feigenberg, J.M.: Ein Gedächtnismodell auf der Basis der Wahrscheinlichkeitsprognostizierung. Behindertenpädagogik 33(4), 374–389 (1994)
Feigenberg, J.M., Latash, L.P.: Bernstein: the reformer of neuroscience. In: Latash, M.L., Turvey, M. (eds.) Dexterity and its Development, pp. 247–275. Mahwah, New Jersey (1996)
Feigenberg, J.M.: Die Evolution des Lebens in einer wahrscheinlichkeits- strukturierten Welt. Behindertenpädagogik 35(1), 9–17 (1996)
Feigenberg, J.M.: The model of the future in motor control. In: Latash, M. (ed.) Progress in Motor Control, vol. 1. Bernsteins Traditions in Movement Studies, pp. 89–103. Human Kinetics (1998)
Feigenberg, J.M.: Wahrscheinlichkeitsprognostizierung im System der zielgerichteten Aktivität. AFRA-Verlag (2000)
Feigenberg, J.M.: Nicolai Bernstein: vom Reflex zum Zukunftsmodell. Behindertenpädagogik 41(3), 226–232 (2002)
Feigenberg, J.M.: Motor reaction time and probabilistic prognosis. Human Physiol 34(5), 581–591 (2008)
Feigenberg, J.M.: Die Entwicklung der Bewegung. Sinne, Koerper und Bewegung. Enzyklopädisches Handbuch der Behindertenpädagogik, vol. 9, pp. 196–209. Verlag Kohlhammer, Stuttgart (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Feigenberg, I.M. (2015). Memory, Probabilistic Prognosis, and Presetting for Action. In: Nadin, M. (eds) Anticipation: Learning from the Past. Cognitive Systems Monographs, vol 25. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19446-2_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19446-2_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-19445-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-19446-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)