Abstract
A controlled vocabulary for the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) of the United States was developed as Linked Open Data (LOD). The vocabulary has two main parts: a glossary and a set of triples reflecting the NHD data model as it is organized in geographic information systems (GIS). The glossary consists of a feature type label and a comment consisting of a definition that is linked to a hydrographic feature type standard. The ontology of the data model consists of classes and properties that group and relate sets of individual features. The objective of the project is to draw on the glossary and the “triplified” data model to build formal semantics for a basic form of NHD as LOD. Modifications were made primarily to the specification of feature types for the data.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Berners-Lee T (2006) Linked data: W3C. http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html. Accessed 23 Sept 2014
Berry BJL (1964) Approaches to spatial analysis: a regional synthesis. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 54:2–11
Bizer C, Heath T, Berners-Lee T (2009) Linked data—the story so far. Int J Semant Web Inf Syst 5(3):1–22
Couclelis H (2010) Ontologies of geographic information. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 24(12):1785–1809
Cox SJD (2010) Observations and measurements—XML implementation v2.0: OGC Implementation Standard 10-025. http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/41510 Accessed 12 Nov 2014
Dbpedia (2012) Dbpedia. Universität Leipzig, University of Mannheim, and OpenLink Software. http://dbpedia.org/About. Accessed 14 Nov 2014
Gangemi A, Presutti V (2010) Towards a pattern science for the semantic web. Semant Web 1(1–2):61–68
Geonames.org. (2014) GeoNames. http://www.geonames.org/. Accessed 12 Nov 2014
Hart G, Dolbear C (2013) Linked data: a geogrpahic perspective. CRC Press, Boca Raton
ISO 19107-2003, Geographic information-spatial schema. International organization for standardization (ISO). http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=26012
Lebo T, Sahoo S, McGuinness D (2013) PROV-O: the PROV ontology. http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/. Accessed 21 July 2014
Mark D, Smith B, Egenhofer MJ, Hirtle SC (2005) Ontological foundations for geographic information science. In: Robert b, McMaster, Usery EL (eds) A research agenda for geographic information science. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Mattli D (2013) NationalMap2rdf-new.py. In: Computer program: U.S. geological survey. http://cegis.usgs.gov/ontology.html. Accessed 29 May 2014
NISO (2005) ANSI/NISO Z39.19—Guidelines for the construction, format, and management of monolingual controlled vocabularies. http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/Z39-19.html
Ordnance Survey (2014) Ordnance survey linked data platform. http://data.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/
Perry M, Herring J (2012) OGC GeoSPARQL—a geographic query language for RDF data. Open geospatial consortium project document OGC 11-052r4, v. 1.0
Smethurst M, Styles R, Scott T (2014) The places ontology. http://vocab.org/places/schema.html
Stadler C, Lehmann J, Höffner K, Auer S (2012) LinkedGeoData: a core for a web of spatial open data. Semant Web 3(4):333–354. http://iospress.metapress.com/content/141w054666871326/
US Geological Survey (1996) Standards for 1:24,000-scale digital line graph and quadrangle maps: national mapping program technical instructions. http://nationalmap.gov/standards/dlgstds.html. Accessed 27 Feb 2014
US Geological Survey (2013) Ontology for the national map. http://cegis.usgs.gov/ontology.html
US Geological Survey (2014a) Hydrography; national hydrography dataset, watershed boundary dataset: U.S. geological survey. http://nhd.usgs.gov/. Accessed 18 Dec 2013
US Geological Survey (2014b) The national map: U.S. geological survey. http://nationalmap.gov/. Accessed 18 Dec 2013
US Geological Survey (2014c) NHD user guide. http://nhd.usgs.gov/userguide.html. Accessed 27 Feb 2014
Usery EL (2014) Spatial feature classes: encyclopedia of geography. Wiley, New York (In press)
W3C OWL Working Group (2012) OWL 2 web ontology language document overview, 2nd edn. W3C, Massachusetts. http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-overview/, Accessed 14 Nov 2014
Worboys MF (1999) Relational databases and beyond. In: Longley PA, Goodchild MF, Maguire DJ, Rhind DW (eds) Geographical information systems, volume 1 principles and technical issues, 2nd edn. Wilry, New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Varanka, D.E., Lynn Usery, E., Mattli, D.M. (2015). Adapting the U.S. National Hydrography Dataset to Linked Open Data. In: Robbi Sluter, C., Madureira Cruz, C., Leal de Menezes, P. (eds) Cartography - Maps Connecting the World. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17738-0_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17738-0_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-17737-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-17738-0
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)