Abstract
The preparation of clean single crystals of the metals is fundamentally important in surface science research, since surface properties are often highly dependent on poisons and promoters that are present. It is commonly known that bulk impurities present in zone-refined single crystals at the ppm level can often segregate to the surface upon heating.
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Notes
- 1.
Earlier important studies of this problem include [4].
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Yates, J.T. (2015). Cleaning Metal and Semiconductor Crystals—Examples. In: Experimental Innovations in Surface Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17668-0_46
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