Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaporation Sources

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Experimental Innovations in Surface Science

  • 2336 Accesses

Abstract

The deposition of thin films by evaporation constitutes one of the main experimental procedures in surface and materials science. Indeed, the study of chemisorption on clean surfaces has as one of its origins the use of thin metal films as substrates in early studies done in the 1940s.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. The use of degassing loops originates from the thin film community but the historical origin of this useful method is not known

    Google Scholar 

  2. Professor R.J. Behm (personal communication)

    Google Scholar 

  3. W.F. Leonard, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 40, 187 (1969)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. D.A. Steigerwald, W.F. Egelhoff Jr, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A7, 3123 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. K.J. Ross, B. Sonntag, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 4409 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. K.K. Chin, P. McKernan, I. Lindau, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A4, 1949 (1986). This paper contains references to tests of this device as well as to related devices

    Google Scholar 

  7. K.J. Ross, B. Sonntag, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 4409 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. F. Jansen, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 21, 106 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. P.R. Davis, H.R. Poppa, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 15, 1771 (1978)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. P.J. Chen, M.L. Colaianni, J.T. Yates Jr, Phys. Rev. B 41, 8025 (1990)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. K.J. Ross, B. Sonntag, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 4409 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. H.P. Bonzel, A.M. Bradshaw, G. Ertl (ed.), Physics and Chemistry of Alkali Adsorption (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1989)

    Google Scholar 

  13. F.J. Esposto, K. Griffiths, P.R. Norton, R.S. Timsit, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A12, 3245 (1994); for details of the surface behavior of Li/Al alloys

    Google Scholar 

  14. F.J. Esposto, C.-S. Zhang, P.R. Norton, R.S. Timsit, Surf. Sci. 290, 93 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Supplied by Alcan, International, Ltd. It is rumored that Canadian beer cans are made of this alloy (personal communication, P.R. Norton)

    Google Scholar 

  16. R.P. Schorn, E. Hintz, S. Musso, B. Schweer, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60, 3275 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. G. Polanski, J.P. Toennies, Surf. Sci. 260, 250 (1992)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. W.J. Wytenburg, R.M. Lambert, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A10, 3597 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Degussa Limited, Wilmslow, Cheshire, England

    Google Scholar 

  20. H.-G. Keck, E. Kopatzki, and R.J. Behm (private communication)

    Google Scholar 

  21. J.J. McClelland, J. Unguris, R.E. Scholten, D.T. Pierce, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A11, 2863 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. H.F. Mar et al. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (Wiley, New York, 1979), vol. 6, p. 104

    Google Scholar 

  23. J. Unguris, R.J. Celotta, D.T. Pierce, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 140 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. M. Heilblum, J. Bloch, J.J. O’Sullivan, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A3, 1885 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. L. Ramberg, E. Flemming, T.G. Andersson, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A4, 141 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Y.W. Beag, K. Egawa, R. Shimizu, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 3647 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. T. Jones, J. Sawler, D. Venus, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 2008 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. K.J. Ross, B. Sonntag, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 4409 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. J.R. Waldrop, R.W. Grant, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A1, 1553 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. J. Araya-Pochet, G.A. Mulhollan, J.L. Erskine, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62, 2288 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. K.J. Ross, B. Sonntag, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 4409 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. B.T. Jonker, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A8, 3883 (1990)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. J. Araya-Pochet, G.A. Mulhollan, J.L. Erskine, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62, 2288 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. L.I. Maissel, R. Glang, Handbook of Thin Film Technology (McGraw Hill, NY, 1970), pp. 1–51

    Google Scholar 

  35. K.J. Ross, B. Sonntag, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 4409 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. Dr. M.S. Jackson, J.G. Ekerdt, Department of Chemical Engineering (The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1062) (private communication)

    Google Scholar 

  37. R.T. Galla, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 36, 403 (1965)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. D. Beecham, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 41, 1654 (1970)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. Professor Stephen R. Leone, University of Colorado at Boulder, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Boulder, CO 80309-0440 (private communication). U.S. Patent No. 5,541,407 Arsenic Atom Source, S.R. Leone, A.L. Alstrin, P.G. Strupp, A.K. Kunz, S.M. Casey, and R.V. Smilgys

    Google Scholar 

  40. H.-P. Rust, T. Konig, G.H. Simon, M. Nowicki, V. Simic-Milosevic, G. Thielsch, M. Heyde, H.J. Freund, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 113705 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. K. Lammle, A. Schwarz, R. Wiesendanger, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 053902 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. M. Feng, J. Lee, J. Zhao, J.T. Yates Jr, H. Petek, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 12394 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. L. Thompson, J.-G. Lee, P. Maksymovych, J. Ahner, J.T. Yates Jr, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A21, 491 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. J. Lee, O. Kuzmych, J.T. Yates Jr, Surf. Sci. 582, 117 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. K. Vijalakshmi, R.A. Rosenberg, private communication

    Google Scholar 

  46. N. Sato, K. Seki, H. Inokuchi, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 58, 1112 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. P. Feulner, private communication

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    John T. Yates Jr.

Authors
  1. John T. Yates Jr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to John T. Yates Jr. .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Yates, J.T. (2015). Evaporation Sources. In: Experimental Innovations in Surface Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17668-0_38

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation