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Genetics of Primary Tremor Disorders

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Movement Disorder Genetics

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Abstract

Tremor, defined as rhythmical, involuntary oscillatory movement of a body part, is a symptom of numerous disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system. This chapter will deal with primary tremor disorders with a recognizable genetic component not discussed elsewhere in this book. These are essential tremor (ET), orthostatic tremor (OT), and cortical myoclonic “tremor.” ET has a high genetic component and has been the subject of intense genetic investigation. Despite these efforts genes causing monogenic ET or genetic risk factors for genetically complex ET have not been reliably and reproducibly identified to date. OT is mostly a sporadic disease but has been described in sib pairs and identical twins. Cortical myoclonic “tremor” is characterized by irregular, rapid myoclonic jerks mimicking a tremor. Geniospasm (chin tremor) is also briefly discussed. Three loci and two putative candidate genes have been identified. In summary, the genetic investigation of tremor has been difficult and not overly successful up to now.

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  1. Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany

    Gregor Kuhlenbäumer MD, PhD

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  1. Department of Neurology, University Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany

    Susanne A. Schneider

  2. Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom

    José M. Tomás Brás

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Kuhlenbäumer, G. (2015). Genetics of Primary Tremor Disorders. In: Schneider, S., Brás, J. (eds) Movement Disorder Genetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17223-1_6

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