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Growth and Defense Metabolism of Plants Exposed to Ultraviolet-B Radiation

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Sustainable Agriculture Reviews

Part of the book series: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews ((SARV,volume 17))

Abstract

Increases in ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth’s surface due to the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer are major concern for researchers, posing interest in the mechanisms of various effects on organisms. Although UV radiation comprises only a small fraction of the total solar radiation that is incident at the earth’s surface, it has the greatest energy per unit wavelength and, thus, the greatest potential to damage the biosphere. Intensified current and projected UV-B radiation is responsible for multiple detrimental effects on plant growth and metabolism via interfering with biological processes. In plants, these effects include lipid oxidation, DNA damage, protein destruction which often causes heritable mutations. High UV-B levels introduce DNA damage, number of different lesions, predominantly cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer and pyrimidine (6–4) pyrimidinone products in the genome. It affects physiological processes, including the photosynthetic apparatus; causes loss of crop yield and productivity. Plants developed a number of repair or tolerance mechanisms to counteract the damage caused by UV or any other stressors.

Here we reviewed the structural and biochemical defense strategy of plants in response to Ultraviolet-B radiation. The major points are as follows (i) in brief focus on global scenario of ozone depletion and consequent trend of increase in UV-B irradiation level; (ii) Effect of UV-B on shoot morphology, canopy structure (anatomical changes) could alter the stand photosynthesis, attributed to loss of Biomass and yield (iii) UV-B might play role as a signal molecule to up-regulate the expression of gene involve in multiple developmental response i.e. photomorphogenic response and antioxidants defense (iv) Some kinds of UV-B screening pigments such as carotenoids, flavonoids protect plant cells against intensive penetration of UV-B radiation. (v) Activation of non enzymatic antioxidants as well as enzymes by the Ultraviolet-B factors is discussed.

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Abbreviations

UV-B:

Ultraviolet-B

O3 :

Ozone

ROS:

Reactive Oxygen Species

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

PSII:

Photosystem II

O2 ∙− :

Superoxide ion

1O2 :

Singlet Oxygen

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

·OH:

Hydroxyl radicals

CPDs:

Cyclobutane-type pyrimidine dimers

Rubisco:

Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

CAT:

Catalase

POD:

Peroxidases

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

MDHAR:

Monodehydro-ascorbate reductase

DHAR:

Dehydro-ascorbate reductase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GSH:

Glutathione

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Acknowledgement

The author Rima Kumari acknowledges Dr. D.S. Kothari Post Doctoral fellowship from University Grant Commission for financial support. Thanks are also due to UGC, New Delhi for providing research grant "Precision stressing by UV-B radiation to improve the quality of Coriander and Trigonella, Ref. F. No. 41-389/2012.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500047, India

    Rima Kumari & M. N. V. Prasad

  2. Laboratory of Air Pollution & Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    S. B. Agrawal

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  1. Rima Kumari
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  2. M. N. V. Prasad
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  3. S. B. Agrawal
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Correspondence to Rima Kumari .

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  1. INRA, UMR1347 Agroécologie, Dijon, France

    Eric Lichtfouse

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Kumari, R., Prasad, M.N.V., Agrawal, S.B. (2015). Growth and Defense Metabolism of Plants Exposed to Ultraviolet-B Radiation. In: Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 17. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16742-8_8

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