Abstract
Agriculture faces the challenge of meeting increasing food demands whilst simultaneously satisfying ever stringent sustainability goals. Taken together with the ever increasing rate of integrated globalisation and other anthropogenic impacts, this challenge is further complicated by climate change. Climate change is indeed increasingly recognised as a considerable risk to agriculture in the European Union, particularly with respect to direct impacts on crop production and yield stability. A major impact threat is the further risk from new and emerging invasive alien species, and potential novel pathogenically aggressive adaptations in existing indigenous pests and pathogens, which, hitherto, have been managed with conventional practices and approaches.
The introduction of several exotic pests such as Tuta absoluta, Bemisia tabaci, and Bactrocera fruit flies in Europe points out the changing trend in pathogen adaptation to new regions due to climate change thereby threatening the viability of European crop production. Likewise, slight increases in temperature heighten disease severity caused by indigenous pathogens such as Leptosphaeria maculans, Fusarium graminearum and Dickeya spp. on oilseed rape, cereals and potato, respectively in Europe. Over the last century, there has been an increased global mean temperature by 0.74 °C which is projected to rise by 3.4 °C by the end of twenty-first century. This raise in temperature has resulted in increased pest pressure in European agriculture through a shift from lower latitudes pole-wards and from lower to higher altitudes. In view of this, the development of anticipatory adaptive strategies, resulting in more resilient cropping systems, is the only alternative to tackle evolving pests under changing climate in order to ensure food security for a global population estimated to reach 9.6 billion by 2050.
The views expressed by Stephen R. H. Langrell are purely his own and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the European Commission.
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Acknowledgements
This report is the fruit of a joint initiative of the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, one of the institutes in the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, and the ENDURE European Research Group, which brings together some of Europe’s leading agricultural research, teaching and extension institutes with a special interest in IPM. It is built on a technical report and a workshop of international experts, and the authors would like to thank all those who contributed to what we believe is a valuable and much-needed insight into the research and policy implications of meeting this twenty-first century challenge. The authors wish to thank Andrew Lewer for his initial collaboration in the construction of this manuscript.
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Barzman, M. et al. (2015). Research and Development Priorities in the Face of Climate Change and Rapidly Evolving Pests. In: Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 17. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16742-8_1
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