Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Dorsoventral Hippocampus: Subregional Importance in Anxiety and Olfactory Learning and Memory

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Neurobiological Basis of Memory

  • 1410 Accesses

Abstract

Evidence from several study techniques has provided substantial support to suggest that the hippocampus (HPP) plays an important role in learning and memory, which has been generally accepted by the scientific community. Dorsoventral lesion studies of the HPP, along with electrophysiological and other methods, have indicated that the dorsal axis of the HPP plays an important role in spatial processing and the ventral axis is important for anxiety as well as olfactory learning and memory. For example, evidence indicates that the hippocampal CA1 subregion is important in temporal learning and memory processes for spatial (dorsal) as well as olfactory (ventral) information. Studies have shown that the same dorsoventral relationship may hold for the CA3 subregion in pattern completion processes for odor information. Recent evidence has indicated parallel processing fidelity across the dorsoventral axis of the dentate gyrus (DG) for spatial and olfactory pattern separation. While there have been extensive investigations of spatial pattern completion, pattern separation, and temporal learning and an ever-increasing consensus on those processes, there have been far fewer reports and thus a lack of consensus for definitions of these parallel processes in regard to olfaction, with subregional anxiety processes being least understood. Further studies are necessary to understand how ventral subregions of the HPP contribute to learning and memory. Such research may yield increasing understanding of processes such as “odor pattern completion” and “anxiety-based pattern separation.”

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Amaral, D. G., & Witter, M. P. (1995). Hippocampal formation. In G. Paxinos (Ed.), The rat nervous system (pp. 443–493). San Diego: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakker, A., Kirwan, C. B., Miller, M., & Stark, C. E. L. (2008). Pattern separation in the human hippocampal CA3 and dentate gyrus. Science (New York, N.Y.), 319(5870), 1640–1642. doi:10.1126/science.1152882.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bannerman, D. M., Yee, B. K., Good, M. A., Heupel, M. J., Iversen, S. D., & Rawlins, J. N. (1999). Double dissociation of function within the hippocampus: A comparison of dorsal, ventral, and complete hippocampal cytotoxic lesions. Behavioral Neuroscience, 113(6), 1170–1188.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bannerman, D. M., Grubb, M., Deacon, R. M. J., Yee, B. K., Feldon, J., & Rawlins, J. N. P. (2003). ScienceDirect.com—behavioural brain research—ventral hippocampal lesions affect anxiety but not spatial learning. Behavioural Brain Research, 139(1–2), 197–213.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bannerman, D. M., Rawlins, J. N. P., McHugh, S. B., Deacon, R. M. J., Yee, B. K., Bast, T., et al. (2004). Regional dissociations within the hippocampus—memory and anxiety. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 28(3), 273–283. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.03.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baron-Cohen, S., Ring, H. A., Bullmore, E. T., Wheelwright, S., Ashwin, C., & Williams, S. C. (2000). The amygdala theory of autism. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 24(3), 355–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowers, D., Verfaellie, M., Valenstein, E., & Heilman, K. M. (1988). Impaired acquisition of temporal information in retrosplenial amnesia. Brain and Cognition, 8(1), 47–66. doi:10.1016/0278-2626(88)90038-3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bramham, C. R., Southard, T., Ahlers, S. T., & Sarvey, J. M. (1998). Acute cold stress leading to elevated corticosterone neither enhances synaptic efficacy nor impairs LTP in the dentate gyrus of freely moving rats. Brain Research, 789(2), 245–255.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chiba, A. A., Kesner, R. P., & Reynolds, A. M. (1994). Memory for spatial location as a function of temporal lag in rats: Role of hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Behavioral and Neural Biology, 61(2), 123–131.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Christie, B. R., & Cameron, H. A. (2006). Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Hippocampus, 16(3), 199–207. doi:10.1002/hipo.20151.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cleland, T. A., Morse, A., Yue, E. L., & Linster, C. (2002). Behavioral models of odor similarity. Behavioral Neuroscience, 116(2), 222–231. doi:10.1037//0735-7044.116.2.222.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Colombo, M., Fernandez, T., Nakamura, K., & Gross, C. G. (1998). Functional differentiation along the anterior-posterior axis of the hippocampus in monkeys. Journal of Neurophysiology, 80(2), 1002–1005.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Decker, M. W., Curzon, P., & Brioni, J. D. (1995). Influence of separate and combined septal and amygdala lesions on memory, acoustic startle, anxiety, and locomotor activity in rats. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 64(2), 156–168. doi:10.1006/nlme.1995.1055.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dedovic, K., Duchesne, A., Andrews, J., Engert, V., & Pruessner, J. C. (2009). The brain and the stress axis: The neural correlates of cortisol regulation in response to stress. NeuroImage, 47(3), 864–871. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.074.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dong, H.-W., Swanson, L. W., Chen, L., Fanselow, M. S., & Toga, A. W. (2009). Genomic-anatomic evidence for distinct functional domains in hippocampal field CA1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(28), 11794–11799. doi:10.1073/pnas.0812608106.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eadie, B. D., Zhang, W. N., Boehme, F., Gil-Mohapel, J., Kainer, L., Simpson, J. M., et al. (2009). Fmr1 knockout mice show reduced anxiety and alterations in neurogenesis that are specific to the ventral dentate gyrus. Neurobiology of Disease, 36(2), 361–373. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2009.08.001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eichenbaum, H., Mathews, P., & Cohen, N. J. (1989). Further studies of hippocampal representation during odor discrimination learning. Behavioral Neuroscience, 103(6), 1207–1216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Everitt, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2005). Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: From actions to habits to compulsion. Nature Neuroscience, 8(11), 1481–1489. doi:10.1038/nn1579.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fanselow, M. S. (1984). What is conditioned fear? Trends in Neurosciences, 7(12), 460–462.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fanselow, M. S., & Dong, H.-W. (2010). Are the dorsal and ventral hippocampus functionally distinct structures? Neuron, 65(1), 7–19. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.11.031.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gage, F. H., & Thompson, R. G. (1980). Differential distribution of norepinephrine and serotonin along the dorsal-ventral axis of the hippocampal formation. Brain Research Bulletin, 5(6), 771–773. http://pdn.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MiamiImageURL&_cid=271056&_user=10843&_pii=0361923080902208&_check=y&_origin=article&_zone=toolbar&_coverDate=31-Dec-1980&view=c&originContentFamily=serial&wchp=dGLbVlk-zSkzk&md5=2857224f44d72adfdf9ea3facaa8bbee&pid=1-s2.0-0361923080902208-main.pdf&sqtrkid=0.21771737933158875. Accessed 12 June 2013.

  • Gilbert, M., Racine, R. J., & Smith, G. K. (1985). Epileptiform burst responses in ventral vs dorsal hippocampal slices. Brain Research, 361(1–2), 389–391.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, P. E., Kesner, R. P., & Lee, I. (2001). Dissociating hippocampal subregions: A double dissociation between dentate gyrus and CA1. Hippocampus, 11(6), 626–636. doi:10.1002/hipo.1077.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gold, A. E., & Kesner, R. P. (2005). The role of the CA3 subregion of the dorsal hippocampus in spatial pattern completion in the rat. Hippocampus, 15(6), 808–814. doi:10.1002/hipo.20103.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodrich-Hunsaker, N. J., Hunsaker, M. R., & Kesner, R. P. (2008). The interactions and dissociations of the dorsal hippocampus subregions: How the dentate gyrus, CA3, and CA1 process spatial information. Behavioral Neuroscience, 122(1), 16–26. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.122.1.16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gourevitch, B., Kay, L. M., & Martin, C. (2010). Directional coupling from the olfactory bulb to the hippocampus during a go/no-go odor discrimination task. Journal of Neurophysiology, 103(5), 2633–2641. doi:10.1152/jn.01075.2009.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, J. A., & McNaughton, N. (2000). The Neuropsychology of Anxiety (2nd ed.). USA: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gulyás, A. I., Tóth, K., McBain, C. J., & Freund, T. F. (1998). Stratum radiatum giant cells: A type of principal cell in the rat hippocampus. The European journal of neuroscience, 10(12), 3813–3822.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hafting, T., Fyhn, M., Molden, S., Moser, M.-B., & Moser, E. I. (2005). Microstructure of a spatial map in the entorhinal cortex. Nature, 436(7052), 801–806. doi:10.1038/nature03721.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heale, V. R., & Vanderwolf, C. H. (1999). Odor-induced fast waves in the dentate gyrus depend on a pathway through posterior cerebral cortex: Effects of limbic lesions and trimethyltin. Brain Research Bulletin, 50(4), 291–299.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, K. C., & Shin, L. M. (2011). Functional neuroimaging studies of post-traumatic stress disorder. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 11(2), 275–285. doi:10.1586/ern.10.198.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hunsaker, M. R., & Kesner, R. P. (2012). The operation of pattern separation and pattern completion processes associated with different attributes or domains of memory. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.09.014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunsaker, M. R., Fieldsted, P. M., Rosenberg, J. S., & Kesner, R. P. (2008). Dissociating the roles of dorsal and ventral CA1 for the temporal processing of spatial locations, visual objects, and odors. Behavioral Neuroscience, 122(3), 643–650. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.122.3.643.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jayatissa, M. N., Bisgaard, C., Tingström, A., Papp, M., & Wiborg, O. (2006). Hippocampal cytogenesis correlates to escitalopram-mediated recovery in a chronic mild stress rat model of depression. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 31(11), 2395–2404. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301041.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jung, M. W., Wiener, S. I., & McNaughton, B. L. (1994). Comparison of spatial firing characteristics of units in dorsal and ventral hippocampus of the rat. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 14(12), 7347–7356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kavushansky, A., Vouimba, R.-M., Cohen, H., & Richter-Levin, G. (2006). Activity and plasticity in the CA1, the dentate gyrus, and the amygdala following controllable vs. uncontrollable water stress. Hippocampus, 16(1), 35–42. doi:10.1002/hipo.20130.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kent, K., Hess, K., Tonegawa, S., & Small, S. A. (2007). CA3 NMDA receptors are required for experience-dependent shifts in hippocampal activity. Hippocampus, 17(10), 1003–1011. doi:10.1002/hipo.20332.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kesner, R. P. (2009). Tapestry of memory. Behavioral Neuroscience, 123(1), 1–13. doi:10.1037/a0014004.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kesner, R. P., & Hunsaker, M. R. (2010). The temporal attributes of episodic memory. Behavioural Brain Research, 215(2), 299–309. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.12.029.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kesner, R. P., Gilbert, P. E., & Barua, L. A. (2002). The role of the hippocampus in memory for the temporal order of a sequence of odors. Behavioral Neuroscience, 116(2), 286–290.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kesner, R. P., Hunsaker, M. R., & Ziegler, W. (2010). The role of the dorsal CA1 and ventral CA1 in memory for the temporal order of a sequence of odors. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 93(1), 111–116. doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2009.08.010.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kesner, R. P., Hunsaker, M. R., & Ziegler, W. (2011). The role of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus in olfactory working memory. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 96(2), 361–366. doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2011.06.011.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kjelstrup, K. G., Tuvnes, F. A., Steffenach, H.-A., Murison, R., Moser, E. I., & Moser, M.-B. (2002). Reduced fear expression after lesions of the ventral hippocampus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(16), 10825–10830. doi:10.1073/pnas.152112399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazar, R. M., & Mohr, J. P. (2011). Revisiting the contributions of Paul Broca to the study of aphasia. Neuropsychology Review, 21, 236–239. doi:10.1007/s11065-011-9176-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, I., & Kesner, R. P. (2004). Differential contributions of dorsal hippocampal subregions to memory acquisition and retrieval in contextual fear-conditioning. Hippocampus, 14(3), 301–310. doi:10.1002/hipo.10177.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levita, L., & Muzzio, I. A. (2010). Role of the hippocampus in goal-oriented tasks requiring retrieval of spatial versus non-spatial information. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 93(4), 581–588. doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2010.02.006.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Magariños, A. M., McEwen, B. S., Flügge, G., & Fuchs, E. (1996). Chronic psychosocial stress causes apical dendritic atrophy of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons in subordinate tree shrews. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 16(10), 3534–3540.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire, E. A., Gadian, D. G., Johnsrude, I. S., Good, C. D., Ashburner, J., Frackowiak, R. S., et al. (2000). Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97(8), 4398–4403. doi:10.1073/pnas.070039597.

    Google Scholar 

  • McHugh, S. B., Deacon, R. M. J., Rawlins, J. N. P., & Bannerman, D. M. (2004). Amygdala and ventral hippocampus contribute differentially to mechanisms of fear and anxiety. Behavioral Neuroscience, 118(1), 63–78. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.118.1.63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moser, M. B., & Moser, E. I. (1998a). Distributed encoding and retrieval of spatial memory in the hippocampus. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 18(18), 7535–7542.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moser, M. B., & Moser, E. I. (1998b). Functional differentiation in the hippocampus. Hippocampus, 8(6), 608–619. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1063(1998)8:6<608::AID-HIPO3>3.0.CO;2-7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moser, E., Moser, M. B., & Andersen, P. (1993). Spatial learning impairment parallels the magnitude of dorsal hippocampal lesions, but is hardly present following ventral lesions. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 13(9), 3916–3925.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Keefe, J., & Nadel, L. (1978). The hippocampus as a cognitive map. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandis, C., Sotiriou, E., Kouvaras, E., Asprodini, E., Papatheodoropoulos, C., & Angelatou, F. (2006). Differential expression of NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits in rat dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Neuroscience, 140(1), 163–175. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.02.003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Papatheodoropoulos, C., & Kostopoulos, G. (2000). Decreased ability of rat temporal hippocampal CA1 region to produce long-term potentiation. Neuroscience Letters, 279(3), 177–180.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pentkowski, N. S., Blanchard, D. C., Lever, C., Litvin, Y., & Blanchard, R. J. (2006). Effects of lesions to the dorsal and ventral hippocampus on defensive behaviors in rats. European Journal of Neuroscience, 23(8), 2185–2196. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04754.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, J. L., Hunsaker, M. R., & Kesner, R. P. (2006). Effects of ventral and dorsal CA1 subregional lesions on trace fear conditioning. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 86(1), 72–81. doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2006.01.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rolls, E. T., & Kesner, R. P. (2006). A computational theory of hippocampal function, and empirical tests of the theory. Progress in Neurobiology, 79(1), 1–48. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.04.005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rolls, E. T., Treves, A., Foster, D., & Perez-Vicente, C. (1997). Simulation studies of the CA3 hippocampal subfield modelled as an attractor neural network. Neural Networks, 10(9), 1559–1569. doi:10.1016/S0893-6080(97)00092-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Royer, S., Sirota, A., Patel, J., & Buzsaki, G. (2010). Distinct representations and theta dynamics in dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience, 30(5), 1777–1787. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4681-09.2010.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sano, K. (1997). Hippocampus and epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia, 38(s6), 4–10. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1997.tb00098.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scoville, W. B., & Milner, B. (1957). Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 20(1), 11–21.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Squire, L. R., & Zola-Morgan, S. (1991). The medial temporal lobe memory system. Science (New York, N.Y.), 253(5026), 1380–1386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taube, J. S. (2007). The head direction signal: Origins and sensory-motor integration. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 30, 181–207. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112854.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Treit, D., Pesold, C., & Rotzinger, S. (1993). Noninteractive effects of diazepam and amygdaloid lesions in two animal models of anxiety. Behavioral Neuroscience, 107(6), 1099–1105.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Groen, T., & Wyss, J. M. (1990). Extrinsic projections from area CA1 of the rat hippocampus: Olfactory, cortical, subcortical, and bilateral hippocampal formation projections. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 302(3), 515–528. doi:10.1002/cne.903020308.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vanderwolf, C. H. (1992). Hippocampal activity, olfaction, and sniffing: An olfactory input to the dentate gyrus. Brain Research, 593(2), 197–208.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vouimba, R.-M., Yaniv, D., Diamond, D., & Richter-Levin, G. (2004). Effects of inescapable stress on LTP in the amygdala versus the dentate gyrus of freely behaving rats. The European Journal of Neuroscience, 19(7), 1887–1894. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03294.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, R. N., & Cummins, R. A. (1976). The open-field test: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 83(3), 482–504.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weeden, C. S. S., Hu, N. J., Ho, L. Y. N., & Kesner, R. P. (2012). The role of the ventral dentate gyrus in olfactory learning and memory. Presented at the Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, New Orleans.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witter, M. P. (1993). Organization of the entorhinal-hippocampal system: A review of current anatomical data. Hippocampus, 3 (Spec No), 33–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Witter, M. P., Van Hoesen, G. W., & Amaral, D. G. (1989). Topographical organization of the entorhinal projection to the dentate gyrus of the monkey. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 9(1), 216–228..

    Google Scholar 

  • Yassa, M. A., Stark, S. M., Bakker, A., Albert, M. S., Gallagher, M., & Stark, C. E. L. (2010). High-resolution structural and functional MRI of hippocampal CA3 and dentate gyrus in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. NeuroImage, 51(3), 1242–1252. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.040.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon, T., & Otto, T. (2007). Differential contributions of dorsal vs. ventral hippocampus to auditory trace fear conditioning. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 87(4), 464–475. doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2006.12.006.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 35, Rm 3C-911, 35 Lincoln Drive, MSC 3718, 20892-3718, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Christy S. S. Weeden PhD

Authors
  1. Christy S. S. Weeden PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christy S. S. Weeden PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Radford University, Radford, Virginia, USA

    Pamela A. Jackson

  2. Department of Cognitive Science, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

    Andrea A. Chiba

  3. Department of Neurological Surgery and Center for Neuroscience, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA

    Robert F. Berman

  4. Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Michael E. Ragozzino

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Weeden, C. (2016). Dorsoventral Hippocampus: Subregional Importance in Anxiety and Olfactory Learning and Memory. In: Jackson, P., Chiba, A., Berman, R., Ragozzino, M. (eds) The Neurobiological Basis of Memory. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15759-7_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation