Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) has remained for a long time the most neglected part in the domain of cardiovascular diseases. The fact that the disease can remain completely asymptomatic for many years in a large number of patients plays an important role in this respect. However, even when intermittent claudication of the lower limbs which is the most common clinical manifestation of peripheral artery disease is present, it is often considered by physicians as a minor problem. This is surprising as in many patients, intermittent claudication profoundly affects the quality of their life. As a result of all of this, no efforts are made to clarify the diagnosis, to look for confounding clinical states, and to elucidate the causes of the problem. Therefore, quite often, PAD is only detected when complications arise or when, sometimes by chance, a good clinical examination is performed implemented by noninvasive tests such as measurement of the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
McDermott MM, Greenland P, Liu K, Guralnik JM, Criqui MH, Dolan NC, Chan C, Celic L, Pearce WH, Schneider JR, Sharma L, Clark E, Gibson D, Martin GJ. Leg symptoms in peripheral arterial disease: associated clinical characteristics and functional impairment. JAMA. 2001;286:1599–606.
Tendera M, Aboyans V. 2011 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with peripheral artery diseases. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:2851–906.
Diehm C, Allenberg JR, Pittrow D, et al. German epidemiological trial on ankle brachial index Study Group. Circulation. 2009;24:2053–61.
Hirsch AT, Criqui MH, Treat-Jacobson D, Regensteiner JG, Creager MA, Olin JW, Krook SH, Hunninghake DB, Comerota AJ, Walsh ME, McDermott MM, Hiatt WR. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care. JAMA. 2001;286(11):1317–24.
Duprez D. Natural history and evolution of peripheral obstructive arterial disease. Int Angiol. 1992;11:165–8.
Murabito JM, Evans JC, D’Agustino Sr RB, Wilson PW, Kannel WB. Temporal trends in the incidence of intermittent claudication from 1950 to 1999. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162:430–7.
De Buyzere M, Clement DL. Management of hypertension in peripheral arterial disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2008;50:238–63.
Clement DL. Control of hypertension in patients with peripheral artery disease. European Society of Hypertension Newsletter. Update Hypertens Manag. 2011;12:26.
Norgren L, Hiatt WR, et al. Intersociety consensus for the management of peripheral artery disease (TASCII). J Vasc Surg. 2007;45(suppl A):S1–68.
Steg PG, Bhatt DL, Wilson PWF, et al. One-year cardiovascular event rates in outpatients with atherothrombosis. JAMA. 2007;297:1197–206.
Fowkes FG, Murray GD, Butcher J, et al. Ankle brachial index combined with Framingham Risk Score to predict cardiovascular events and mortality: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300:197–208.
Wohlfahrt P, Palous D, Ingrischová M, Krajcoviechová A, Seidlerová J, Galovcová M, Bruthans J, JozÃfová M, Adámková V, Filipovsky J, CÃfková R. A high ankle-brachial index is associated with increased pulse wave velocity: the Czech post-Monica study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2011;32:2851–906.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Clement, D.L. (2015). Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). In: Agabiti Rosei, E., Mancia, G. (eds) Assessment of Preclinical Organ Damage in Hypertension. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15603-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15603-3_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-15602-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-15603-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)