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Analysis of PFASs in Biological Tissues and Fluids

  • Chapter
Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Part of the book series: Molecular and Integrative Toxicology ((MOLECUL))

Abstract

In order to determine the toxicology and health effects on humans and wildlife of per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFASs), it is critical to develop rapid, accurate and sensitive methods for their analysis in biological tissues and fluids. In the past few years, extraction and analytical methods have been developed to allow their detection in very complex matrices and at very low levels. Biological tissues and fluids include: whole blood, serum, urine, feces, sweat, nails as well as organs: liver, kidneys and more. Although liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry has been the most prevalent method over the past decade, other techniques can be applied, particularly for the detection and discovery of newly developed fluorinated materials. This chapter will review current methods for the extraction and analysis of PFASs in biological matrixes as well as their analytical challenges and new developments.

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Abbreviations

ESI:

Electrospray ionization

FTCA:

Fluorotelomer carboxylate

FTOH:

Fluorotelomer alcohols

FTUCA:

Fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylate

GC-NCI-MS:

Gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry

HPLC:

High pressure liquid chromatography

IPE:

Ion-pair extraction

IS:

Internal standard

LOD:

Limit of detection

LOQ:

Limit of quantification

MS:

Mass spectrometry

MTBE:

Methyltert-butyl ether

N-ethyl FOSA:

N-Ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamide

N-ethyl FOSE:

N-Ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoethanol

N-ethyl PFOSA:

N-Ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamide

N-methyl FOSA:

N-Methylperfluorooctanesulfonamide

N-methyl FOSE:

N-Methylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoethanol

N,N-diethyl PFOSA:

N,N-Diethylperfluorooctanesulfonamide

PAP:

Polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esthers

PFAS:

Per and Polyfluoroalkyl substances

PAP:

Polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esthers

PFBA:

Perfluorobutanoic acid

PFBS:

Perfluorobutanesulfonate

PFCA:

Perfluorocarboxylic acids

PFDA:

Perfluorodecanoic acid

PFDoDA:

Perfluorododecanoic acid

PFDS:

Perfluorodecanesulfonate

PFHpA:

Perfluoroheptanoic acid

PFHxA:

Perfluorohexanoic acid

PFHxDA:

Perfluorohexadecanoic acid

PFHxS:

Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid

PFNA:

Perfluorononanoic acid

PFOA:

Perfluorooctanoic acid

PFOS:

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid

PFOSA:

Perfluorooctanesulfonamide

PFPA:

Perfluorinated phosphonic acids

PFPeA:

Perfluoropentanoic acid

PFSA:

Perfluorosulfonic acids

PFTeDA:

Perfluorotetradecanoic acid

PFUnDA:

Perfluoroundecanoic acid

QqQ:

Triple quadrupole

QTOF:

Quadrupole time-of-flight

SAX:

Strong ion exchange

SPE:

Solid phase extraction

TBA:

Tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate

TFC:

Turbolent flow chromatography

THPFOS:

tetrahydroperfluorooctanesulfonate

TOF:

Time-of-flight

UPLC:

Ultra performance liquid chromatography

WAX:

Weak anion exchange

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  1. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

    Sonia Dagnino

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  1. Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

    Jamie C. DeWitt

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Dagnino, S. (2015). Analysis of PFASs in Biological Tissues and Fluids. In: DeWitt, J. (eds) Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. Molecular and Integrative Toxicology. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15518-0_2

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