Abstract
In the past, mm-wave integrated circuits were always designed in high-performance RF technologies due to the limited performance of the standard CMOS transistors [Hun88]. However, the continuous scaling of the CMOS process toward gate lengths of several tens of nanometers has resulted in a considerable increase of the MOSFET performance at mm-wave frequencies. Despite this evolution of the devices, the performance of a single MOSFET is still limited, so advanced analog and RF design techniques are required. Low available gain of the nMOS is one of the most restrictive properties which has a severe impact on all other design parameters. Another big problem is the parasitic Miller capacitance in the MOSFET which results in potentially unstable behavior. These problems, together with the techniques to analyze them and design techniques to solve them, are discussed in this chapter.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
N. Deferm, P. Reynaert, Differential and common mode stability analysis of differential mm-wave CMOS amplifiers with capacitive neutralization. Analog Integr. Circuit Signal Process. 80(1), 1–12 (2014)
Z. Deng, A.M. Niknejad, A layout-based optimal neutralization technique for mm-wave differential amplifiers, in Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC), IEEE, pp. 355–358, 2010
D. Deschrijver, M. Mrozowski, T. Dhaene, D. De Zutter, Macromodeling of multiport systems using a fast implementation of the vector fitting method. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. 18(6), 383–385 (2008)
G. Gonzalez, Microwave Transistor Amplifiers: Analysis and Design, 2nd edn., (Prentice-Hall, 1996)
B. Gustavsen, Improving the pole relocating properties of vector fitting, IEEE. Tr. Power Deliv. 21(3), 1587–1592 (2006)
B. Gustavsen, Relaxed Vector Fitting Algorithm for Rational Approximation of Frequency Domain Responses, in IEEE Workshop on Signal Propagation on Interconnects, pp. 97–100, 2006.
B. Gustavsen, A. Semlyen, Rational approximation of frequency domain responses by vector fitting, IEEE. Tr. Power Deliv. 14(3), 1052–1061, Jul (1999)
H.-L.A. Hung, T.T. Lee, F.R. Phelleps, J.F. Singer, J.F. Bass, T.F. Noble, H.-C. Huang, P. Rainville, 60-GHz GaAs MMIC low-noise amplifiers, in Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Monolithic Circuits Symposium, 1988. Digest of Papers., IEEE, pp. 87–90, 1988.
J. Jugo, J. Portilla, A. Anakabe, A. Suarez, and J.M. Collantes, Closed-loop stability analysis of microwave amplifiers, Electron. Lett. 37(4), 226–228, Feb (2001)
A.M. Niknejad, S. Emami, B. Heydari, M. Bohsali, E. Adabi, Nanoscale CMOS for mm-Wave Applications, in Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium, 2007. CSIC 2007, IEEE, pp. 1–4, 2007.
A. Platzker, W. Struble, K.T. Hetzler, Instabilities diagnosis and the role of k in microwave circuits, in Microwave Symposium Digest, 1993., IEEE MTT-S International, pp. 1185–1188, 1993
M. Varonen, M. Karkkainen, M. Kantanen, K. Halonen, Millimeter-wave integrated circuits in 65-nm CMOS. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits. 43(9), 1991–2002, Sept (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Deferm, N., Reynaert, P. (2015). CMOS at Millimeter Wave Frequencies. In: CMOS Front Ends for Millimeter Wave Wireless Communication Systems. Analog Circuits and Signal Processing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13951-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13951-7_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-13950-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-13951-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)