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MicroRNAs with Impact on Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity

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MicroRNAs and Other Non-Coding RNAs in Inflammation

Part of the book series: Progress in Inflammation Research ((PIR))

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Abstract

The past decades have been hallmarked by an unprecedented steady rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity around the globe. Characterized by excessive expansion of white adipose tissue (WAT), obesity constitutes a major health problem as the primary disease predisposes to a series of follow-up complications including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer. Interestingly, the majority of obese individuals show signs of low-grade inflammation, and many of the obesity-associated downstream pathologies seem to be amplified—if not even caused—by inflammatory signals emanating from obese WAT. Not only immune cells within WAT but also adipocytes and their precursors actively secrete a wide panel of cytokines—coined “adipokines”—the levels of which frequently change upon weight gain. Their systemic effects and the molecular networks tuning their expression are not completely understood. In this respect, microRNAs, noncoding transcripts that act as negative regulators of protein output, have recently entered the field of adipose tissue physiology. This chapter will provide an overview of inflammatory processes in WAT, as well as their causes and consequences in the obese state. In particular, current knowledge regarding the regulation of adipose tissue microRNAs by inflammatory stimuli will be summarized, as well as the role of microRNAs as mediators of detrimental inflammatory processes in obesity.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The nomenclature for miRNAs has been subject to repeated changes during the last years. As a consequence, names of miRNAs in older publications might not be retrieved in current versions of miRBase, the central database for miRNA sequences (www.mirbase.org). To guarantee for unambiguity, whenever occurring for the first time in the following sections, the name of a particular miRNA as stated in the original publication is followed by the current name (according to miRBase release 20 (June 2013)) in parentheses. If studies have investigated particular miRNAs in mouse and human species, the reader can assume sequence conservation to be existent, unless indicated otherwise.

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  1. RNA Biology Group, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria

    Michael Karbiener & Marcel Scheideler

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  1. Respiratory Research, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeon in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

    Catherine M. Greene

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Karbiener, M., Scheideler, M. (2015). MicroRNAs with Impact on Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity. In: Greene, C. (eds) MicroRNAs and Other Non-Coding RNAs in Inflammation. Progress in Inflammation Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13689-9_9

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