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Nanomedicine: Size-Related Drug Delivery Applications, Including Periodontics and Endodontics

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Nanotechnology in Endodontics

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Abstract

In this chapter, we discuss polymer- and liposome-based nanocarriers used in the delivery of bioactive molecules, from drugs to proteins. The focus is on the enhancements in efficacy of bioactive molecules when nanotechnology is used for delivering them. The perspective centres around commercial and clinical successes and a rationalization of these successes. Microparticulate systems are also discussed in relation to their nano-counterparts, and the advantages of nano size are emphasized in relevant applications. In general, the main application of nanocarriers is in cancer therapy; however, with the ability to programme sustained release of bioactive molecules from certain types of nanoparticles, other applications in ocular, cardiovascular and periodontic/endodontic therapy may be possible.

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Abbreviations

CMC:

Critical micellar concentration

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DOX:

Doxorubicin

DPPC:

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

DSPE:

Distearoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine

DXY:

Doxycycline

EPM:

Extracellular polymeric matrix

EPR:

Enhanced Permeation and Retention

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

GI:

Gingival index

HLE:

Harungana madagascariensis Lam. Ex Poir.

IOP:

Intraocular pressure

IV:

Intravenous

MIC:

Minocycline

NC:

NanoCarriers

PCL:

Poly (caprolactone)

PD:

Probing depth

PDT:

Photodynamic therapy

PEG:

Poly(ethylene glycol)

PI:

Phosphatidylinositol

PLA:

(Poly l-lactide)

PLGA:

(Poly (d,l-lactic acid and Glycolic acid copolymer)

PS:

Photosensitizers

PVA:

(Poly vinyl Alcohol)

PVP:

Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)

RES:

Reticulo-endothelial system

RPE:

Retinal pigmented epithelium

S. oralis :

Streptococcus oralis

S. sanguis :

Streptococuss sanguis

SA:

Steraylamine

SESD:

Spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion

TCL:

Tetracycline

TCS:

Triclosan

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

T g :

Glass transition temperatures

T m :

Melting points

TPP:

Tripolyphosphate

TSA:

Tissue-specific antigen

ULV:

Uni lamellar vesicle

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge support from the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University for part of this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N4.1 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, 63978, Singapore

    Xu Wen Ng PhD, Raghavendra C. Mundargi MSc, PhD & Subbu S. Venkatraman PhD

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  1. Xu Wen Ng PhD
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  2. Raghavendra C. Mundargi MSc, PhD
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Correspondence to Subbu S. Venkatraman PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Sciences Discipline of Endodontics, University of Toronto Faculty of Dentistry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Anil Kishen

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Ng, X.W., Mundargi, R.C., Venkatraman, S.S. (2015). Nanomedicine: Size-Related Drug Delivery Applications, Including Periodontics and Endodontics. In: Kishen, A. (eds) Nanotechnology in Endodontics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13575-5_5

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