Abstract
When answering the question of what properties a material has, a theoretical physicist may ask. “What is its Hamiltonian?” or “What is its Lagrangian?” Most physicists seem to believe that every physical property of a material can be predicted once the Hamiltonian or Lagrangian of some physical phenomena are known.
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Notes
- 1.
“IMS” stands for “Institute for Molecular Science,” which is the author’s working institute.
- 2.
Shannon originally showed that there exists some lower bound of the (reversible) compression process such that \(N H (p) \le \tilde{N} < N H (p) + 1\) for any \(N\)-bit string.
- 3.
The same authors recently showed that nonequilibrium thermodynamics cannot, in general, be defined in the same way [10].
- 4.
We consider the optimal erasure cost because equilibrium thermodynamics can be equated to equilibrium statistical mechanics.
- 5.
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Shikano, Y. (2015). These from Bits. In: Aguirre, A., Foster, B., Merali, Z. (eds) It From Bit or Bit From It?. The Frontiers Collection. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12946-4_10
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