Abstract
Water is an essential and vital component for the life support system. Since most of the human sufferings are directly related to water, man is always fascinated to explore and understand the chemical content of water. Water never exists in its purest form; as soon as it enters the atmosphere through precipitation it gathers gases, few elements and organic material before touching the earth’s surface. During its course of flow on surface and in subsurface, the water gets dissolved with ample number of ions, most of which are essential for the living organisms and some are harmful if present in high concentrations. The subsurface water, most of which originates from rainfall or surface water bodies, gains minerals during its transport and residency period of earth’s crust (Kruawal et al. 2005; Raju 2007; Wang 2013; Alam et al. 2013). During last decades, it is observed that the intensive use of natural resource and increased human activities are posing great threat to groundwater quality (Foster 1995; Mor et al. 2006).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adomako D, Osae S, Akiti TT (2011) Geochemical and isotopic studies of groundwater conditions in the Densu River basin of Ghana. Environ Earth Sci 62:1071–1084
Alam M, Rais S, Aslam M (2013) Hydrochemical investigation and quality assessment of groundwater in rural areas of Delhi, India. Environ Earth Sci. doi:10.1007/s12665-011-1210-x
Anupam S, Abhay KS, Kamlesh K (2012) Environmental geochemistry and quality assessment of surface and subsurface water of Mahi River basin, western India. Environ Earth Sci 65:1231–1250
APHA (2005) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC
Appelo CAJ, Postma D (1993) Geochemistry, groundwater and pollution. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam
Back, W. (1966). Hydrochemical facies and groundwater flow patterns in the northern part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, USGS professional paper 498-A
Ball JW, Nordstrom DK (1992) User’s manual for WATEQ4F with revised thermodynamic database and test cases for calculating speciation of minor, trace and redox elements in natural waters. U.S. Geol Surv Open File Rep 91:183–189
Clark I, Fritz P (1997) Environmental isotopes in hydrology. Lewis Boca Raton, New York
Collins R, Jenkins A (1996) The impact of agricultural land use on stream chemistry in the middle hills of the Himalayas. Nepal J Hydrol 185:71–86
Condesso de Melo MT, Marques da Silva MA, Edmunds WM (1999) Hydrochemistry and flow modeling of the Aveiro multilayer cretaceous aquifer. Phys Chem Earth Part B: Hydrol Oceans Atmos 4:331–336
Davis SN, De Wiest RJM (1966) Hydrogeology. Wiley, New York
Deutsch WJ (1997) Groundwater geochemistry: Fundamentals and application to contamination. CRC, Boca Raton
Drever JJ (1982) The geochemistry of natural waters. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Faure G (1998) Principles and applications of geochemistry, 2nd edn. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Foster SSD (1995) Groundwater for development – an overview of quality constraints. In: Nash H, McCall GJH (eds) Groundwater quality, 17th special report. Chapman and Hall, London
Freeze RA, Cherry JA (1979) Groundwater. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Guler C, Thyne GD, McCray JE, Turner AK (2002) Evaluation of graphical and multivariate statistical methods for classification of water chemistry data. Hydrogeol J 10:455–474
Haritash AK, Kaushik CP, Kaushik A, Kansal A, Yadav AK (2008) Suitability assessment of groundwater for drinking, irrigation and industrial use in some north Indian villages. Environ Monit Assess 145:397–406
Hem JD (1992) Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water. U.S. Government Print Office, Washington
Hook Z (2005) An assessment of the water quality of drinking water in rural districts in Zimbabwe. The case of Gokwe South, Nkayi Lupane, and Mwenezi districts. Phys Chem Earth 30:859–866
Jal Nigam Report (2006) Strata chart and test report of constructed tube wells in the Jawaharlal Nehru University. Lucknow
Jeevanandam M, Kannan R, Srinivasalu S, Rammohan V (2007) Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality assessment of lower part of the Ponnaiyar River basin, Cuddalore district, south India. Environ Monit Assess 132:263–274
Karanth KR (1989) Groundwater assessment, development and management. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi
Katz BG, Coplen TB, Bullen TD, Davis JH (1998) Use of chemical and isotopic tracers to characterize the interaction between groundwater and surface water in mantled karst. Groundwater 35(6):1014–1028
Kelley WP (1951) Alkali soils – their formation properties and reclamation. Reinold Publication Corporation, New York
Koetsiers M, Walraevens K (2006) Chemical characterization of the Neogen aquifer, Belgium. Hydrogeol J 14:1556–1568
Kruawal K, Sacher F, Werner K, Mqller J, Knepper TP (2005) Chemical water quality in Thailand and its impacts on the drinking water production in Thailand. Sci Total Environ 340:57–70
Lloyd JW, Heathcote JA (1985) Natural inorganic hydrochemistry in relation to groundwater. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Lorenzen G, Sprenger C, Taute T, Pekdeger A, Massmann G (2010) Assessment of the potential for bank filtration in a water stressed megacity (Delhi, India). Environ Earth Sci 61:1419–1434
Meybeck M (1987) Global chemical weathering of surficial rocks estimated from river dissolved loads. Am J Sci 287:401–428
Mor S, Ravindra K, Dahiya RP, Chandra A (2006) Leachate characterization and assessment of groundwater pollution near municipal solid waste landfill site. Environ Monit Assess 118:435–456
Pierre D, Glynn L, Plummer N (2005) Geochemistry and the understanding of groundwater systems. Hydrogeol J 13:263–287
Piper AM (1953) A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analysis, USGS groundwater note, no. 12
Raju NJ (2007) Hydrogeochemical parameters for assessment of groundwater quality in the upper Gunjanaeru River basin, Cuddapah District, Andhra Pradesh, South India. Environ Geol 52:1067–1074
Raju NJ (2012a) Evaluation of hydrogeochemical processes in the Pleistocene aquifers of middle Ganga Plain, Uttar Pradesh, India. Environ Earth Sci 65:1291–1308
Raju NJ (2012b) Arsenic exposure through groundwater in the middle Ganga plain in the Varanasi environs, India: a future threat. J Geol Soc India 79:302–314
Raju NJ, Ram P, Dey S (2009) Groundwater quality in the lower Varuna River basin, Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh, India. J Geol Soc India 73:178–192
Raju NJ, Shukla UK, Ram P (2011) Hydrogeochemistry for the assessment of groundwater quality in Varanasi: a fast urbanizing centre in Uttar Pradesh, India. Environ Monit Assess 173:279–300
Raju NJ, Dey S, Gossel W, Wycisk P (2012) Fluoride hazard and assessment of groundwater quality in the semi-arid upper Panda River basin, Sonbhadra District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Hydrol Sci J 57(7):1433–1452
Ramakrishna (1998) Groundwater. Handbook, India, 556 p
Ravikumar P, Venkatesharaju K, Somashekar RK (2010) Major ion chemistry and hydrochemical studies of groundwater of Bangalore South Taluk, India. Environ Monit Assess 163:643–653
Richard LA (1954) Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils, Handbook, no. 60. US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC
Ronit N, Eilon A, Ofer D, Llan N (1997) Water salinization in arid regions: observations from the Negev Desert, Israel. J Hydrol 196(1–4):271–296
Saleh A, Al-Ruwaih F, Shehata M (1999) Hydrogeochemical processes operating within the main aquifers of Kuwait. J Arid Environ 42:195–209
Sandow MY, Banoeng-Yakubo B, Akabzaa T (2011) Characterization of the groundwater flow regime and hydrochemistry of groundwater from the Buem formation, Eastern Ghana. Hydrol Process 25:2288–2301
Sarin MM, Krishnaswamy S, Dilli K (1989) Major ion chemistry of the Ganga-Brahmaputra river system: weathering processes and fluxes to the Bay of Bengal. Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta 53:997–1009
Sawyer CN, McCarty PL (1967) Chemistry for sanitary engineers, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York
Shanyengana MK, Seely MK, Sanderson RD (2004) Major ion chemistry and groundwater salinization in ephemeral floodplains in some arid regions of Namibia. J Arid Environ 57:71–83
Singh PK, Amrita M, Dinesh M, Vinod KS, Singh S (2006) Evaluation of groundwater quality in northern Indo-Gangetic alluvium region. Environ Monit Assess 112:211–230
Soltan ME (1998) Characterization, classification and evaluation of some groundwater samples in upper Egypt. Chemosphere 37:735–747
Soltan ME (1999) Evaluation of groundwater quality in Dakhla Oasis (Egyptian Western Desert). Environ Monit Assess 57:157–168
Stallard RF, Edmond JM (1983) Geochemistry of Amazon 2. The influence of geology and weathering environment on the dissolved load. J Geophys Res 88:9671–9688
Stumm W, Morgan JJ (1981) Aquatic chemistry. Wiley Interscience, New York
Stuyfzand PJ (1989) Nonpoint source of trace element in potable groundwater in Netherland. In: Proceedings of the 18th TWSA Water Working, Testing and Research Institute, KIWA, Nieuwegein
Wang S (2013) Groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural use in the Yandi Basin of Xinjiang Province, Northwest China. Environ Monit Assess 185:7469–7484
WHO (1993) Guidelines for drinking water quality, vol 1, recommendations, 2nd edn. WHO, Geneva
Wilcox LV (1955) Classification and use of irrigation waters. US Dept of Agricul Cir 969. US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the SES, Jawaharlal Nehru University for providing research facilities and University Engineering Department, JNU for providing groundwater samples and bore well information.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Capital Publishing Company
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Raju, N.J., Chaudhary, A., Nazneen, S., Singh, S., Goyal, A. (2015). Hydro-geochemical Investigation and Quality Assessment of Groundwater for Drinking and Agricultural Use in Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, India. In: Raju, N., Gossel, W., Sudhakar, M. (eds) Management of Natural Resources in a Changing Environment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12559-6_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12559-6_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-12558-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-12559-6
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)