Abstract
ChapterĀ 3 is dedicated to comprehensive presentation of mathematical procedures associated with dissociation of citric acid in water and in electrolyte solutions. Available in the literature dissociation constants are tabulated and their accuracy examined. Based on temperature and pressure dependence of dissociation constants, the thermodynamic functions linked with dissociation process are discussed in a detail. It also includes description of many aspects connected with compositions and applications of citrate buffers. Besides, it gives a very extensive number of references related to citric acid complexes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Loewenstein A, Roberts JD (1960) The ionization of citric acid studied by the nuclear magnetic resonance technique. J Am Chem Soc 82:2705ā2710
Martin RB (1961) A complete ionization scheme for citric acid. J Phys Chem 65:2053ā2055
Pearce KN, Creamer LK (1975) The complete ionization scheme for citric acid. Aust J Chem 28:2409ā2415
Tananaeva NN, Trunova EK, Kostromina NA, Shevchenko YB (1990) Study of the dissociation of tartaric and citric acids by the carbon-13 NMR. Theor Exp Chem 26:706ā710
Barradas RG, Donaldson GJ, Shoesmith DW (1973) Double layer studies of aqueous sodium citrate solution at the mercury electrode. J Electroanal Chem Interfacial Electrochem 41:243ā258
Bates RG, Pinching GD (1949) Resolution of the dissociation constants of citric acid at 0ā50Ā° and determination of certain related thermodynamic functions. J Am Chem Soc 71:1274ā1283
De Robertis A, De Stefano C, Rigano C, Sammartano S (1990) Thermodynamic parameters of the protonation of carboxylic acids in aqueous tetraethylammonium iodide solutions. J Solut Chem 19:569ā587
BĆ©nĆ©zeth P, Palmer DA, Wesolowski DJ (1997) Dissociation quotients for citric acid in aqueous sodium chloride media to 150āĀ°C. J Solut Chem 26:63ā84
Apelblat A, Barthel J (1991) Conductance studies on aqueous citric acid. Z Naturforsch 46a:131ā140
Yadav J, Ghosh AK, Ghosh JC (1989) First dissociation constant and the related thermodynamic quantities of citric acid from 283.15 to 323.15Ā K. Proc Natl Acad Sci India 59A:389ā394
Saeedudin, Khanzade AWK, Mufti AT (1996) Dissociation constant studies of citric acid at different temperatures and at different organic-water solvent systems. J Chem Soc Pak 18:81ā87
Jones HC (1912) The electrical conductivity, dissociation and temperature coefficients of conductivity (from 0 to 65Ā°) of aqueous solutions of a number of salt and organic acids. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington (Publ. NoĀ 170)
Apelblat A, Neueder R, Barthel J (2006) Electrolyte data collection. Electrolyte conductivities, ionic conductivities and dissociation constants of aqueous solutions of organic dibasic and tribasic acids. Chemistry Data Series vol.Ā XII, Part 4c. Dechema, Frankfurt a.Ā M.
Crea F, De Stefano C, Millero FJ, Sharma VK (2004) Dissociation constants for citric acid in NaCl and KCl solutions and their mixtures at 25āĀ°C. J Solut Chem 33:1349ā1366
Patterson BA, Wooley EM (2001) Thermodynamics of proton dissociations from aqueous citric acid: apparent molar volumes and apparent heat capacities of citric acid and its sodium salts at the pressure 0.35Ā MPa and at temperatures from 278.15 to 393.15Ā K. J Chem Thermodyn 33:1735ā1764
Daniele PG, De Robertis A, De Stefano C, Gianguzza A, Sammartano S (1990) Studies on polyfunctional o-ligands. Formation thermodynamics of simple and mixed alkali metal complexes with citrate at different ionic strengths in aqueous solution. J Chem Res S(300):(M) 2316
Liu L, Guo OX (2001) Isokinetic relationship isoequilibrium relationship, and enthalpy ā entropy compensation. Chem Rev 101:673ā695
Li NC, Tang P, Mathur R (1961) Deuterium isotope effects on dissociation constants and formation constants. J Phys Chem 65:1074ā1076
Robinson RA, Paabo M, Bates RG (1969) Deuterium isotope effect on the dissociation of weak acids in water and deuterium oxide. J Res Nat Bur Stand 73 A:299ā305
King EJ (1965) Acid-Base Equilibria. Pergamon, New York
Daniele PG, De Stefano C, Prenesti E, Sammartano S (1994) Weak complex formation in aqueous solution. Curr Top Solut Chem 1:95ā106
Daniele PG, Foti C, Gianguzzo A, Prenesti E, Sammartano S (2008) Weak alkali and alkali earth metal complexes of low molecular weight ligands in aqueous solution. Coord Chem Rev 252:1093ā1107
Schwarz JA, Contescu C, Popa VT, Contescu A, Lin Y (1996) Determination of dissociation constants of weak acid by deconvolution of proton binding isotherms derived from potentiometric data. J Solut Chem 25:877ā894
Papanastasiou G, Ziogas I (1989) Acid-base equilibria in binary water/organic solvent systems. Dissociation of citric acid in water/dioxin and water methanol solvent systems at 25āĀ°C. Talanta 36:977ā983
MarquĆ©s I, Fonrodona G, ButĆ S, Barbosa J (1999) Solvent effects on mobile phases used in liquid chromatography: factor analysis applied to protonation equilibria and solvatochromic parameters. Trends Anal Chem 18:472ā479
Canals I, Oumada FZ, RosĆ©s M, Bosch E (2001) Retention of ionizable compounds on HPLC. 6. pH measurements with the glass electrode in methanol-water mixtures. J Chromatogr A 911:191ā202
Garrido G, RĆ fols C, Bosch E (2006) Acidity constants in methanol/water mixtures of polycarboxylic acids used in drug salt preparations. Potentiometric determination of aqueous pKa values of quetiapine formulated as hemifumarate. Eur J Pharm Sci 28:118ā127
Papanastasiou G, Ziogas I (1989) Acid-base equilibria in ternary water/ methanol/ dioxane solvent systems. Determination of pK values of citric acid at 25āĀ°C. Anal Chim Acta 222:198ā200
Kosmulski M, PrĆ³chniak P, MÄ czka E (2010) Surface-induced electrolytic dissociation of weak acid in ethanol. J Phys Chem C 114:17734ā17740
Hamann SD (1982) The influence of pressure on ionization equilibria in aqueous solutions. J Solut Chem 11:63ā68
Kitamura Y, Itoh T (1987) Reaction volume of protonic ionization for buffering agents. Prediction of pressure dependence of pH and pOH. J Solut Chem 16:715ā725
Neuman Jr, Kauzmann W, Zipp A (1973) Pressure dependence of weak acid ionization in aqueous buffers. J Phys Chem 77:2687ā2691
Kauzmann W, Bodanszky A, Rasper J (1962) Volume changes in protein reactions. II Comparison of ionization in proteins and small molecules. J Am Chem Soc 84:1977ā1788
Samaranayake CP, Sastry SK (2010) In situ measurement of pH under high pressure. J Phys Chem B 114:13326ā13332
Min SK, Samaranayake CP, Sastry SK (2011) In situ measurements of reaction volume and calculation of pH of weak acid buffer solutions under high pressure. J Phys Chem B 115:6564ā6571
Hendriks G, Uges DRA, Franke JP (2008) pH adjustment of human blood plasma prior to bioanalytical sample preparation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 47:126ā133
Dawson TL (1981) pH and its importance in textile coloration. J Soc Dyers Color 97:115ā125
Erga O (1980) SO2 recovery by a sodium citrate scrubbing. Chem Eng Sci 35:162ā169
Dutta BK, Basu RK, Pandit A, Ray P (1987) Absorption of SO2 in citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution. Ind Eng Chem Res 26:1291ā1296
McIlvaine TC (1921) A buffer solution for colorimetric comparison. J Biol Chem 49:183ā186
Elving PJ, Markowitz JM, Rosenthal I (1956) Preparation of buffer systems of constant ionic strength. Anal Chem 7:1179ā1180
Britton HTS, Robinson RA, (1931) Universal buffer solutions and the dissociation constant of veronal. J Chem Soc 1456ā1462
Britton HTS, Welford G (1937) The standardization of some buffer solutions at elevated temperatures. J Chem Soc 1848ā1852
Guiomar MJ, Lito HM, Filomena M, CamƵes GFC, Ferra MIA, Covington AK (1990) Calculation of reference pH values for standard solutions from the corresponding dissociation constants. Anal Chim Acta 239:129ā137
Guiomar MJ, Lito HM, Filomena M, CamƵes GFC, Covington AK (2003) Effect of citrate impurities on the reference pH value of potassium dihydrogen citrate buffer solution. Anal Chim Acta 482:157ā146
Gibbs CP, Spohr L, Schmidt D (1982) The effectiveness of sodium citrate as antacid. Anesthesiology 54:44ā46
Reisner LS (1982) Bicitra is 0.3 molar sodium citrate. Anesth Analg 61:801
James CF, Gibbs CP (1983) An evaluation of sodium citrate solutions. Anesth Analg 62:241ā242
Hastings AB, McLean FC, Eichelberger L, Hall JL, Da Costa E (1934) The ionization of calcium, magnesium, and strontium citrates. J Biol Chem 107:351ā370
Whittier EO (1938) Buffer intensities of milk and milk constituents. III. Buffer action of calcium citrate. J Biol Chem 123:283ā294
Davies CW, Hoyle BE (1953) The interaction of calcium ions with some phosphate and citrate buffers. J Chem Soc 4134ā4136
Davies CW, Hoyle BE (1955) The interaction of calcium ions with some citrate buffers: a correction. J Chem Soc 1038
Bauduin P, Nohmie F, Tourand D, Neueder R, Kunz W, Ninham BW (2006) Hofmeister specific-ion effects on enzyme activity and buffer pH: Horseradish peroxidase in citrate buffer. J Mol Liq 123:14ā19
Orii Y, Morita M (1977) Measurements of the pH of frozen buffer solutions by using pH indicator. J Biochem 81:163ā168
Shalaev EY, Johnson-Elton TD, Chang L, Pikal MJ (2002) Thermophysical properties of pharmaceutically compatible buffers at sub-zero temperatures: implications for freeze-drying. Pharm Res 19:195ā201
Sundaramurthi P, Suryanayanan R (2011) Predicting the crystallization propensity of carboxylic acid buffers in frozen systems ā relevance to freeze-drying. J Pharm Sci 100:1288ā1293
Sundaramurthi P, Suryanayanan R (2011) Thermophysical properties of carboxylic and amino acid buffers at subzero temperatures: relevance to frozen state stabilization. J Phys Chem B 115:7154ā7164
Bosch E, Bou P, Allemann H, RosĆ©s M (1996) Retention of ionizable compounds on HPLC. pH scale in methanol-water and the pK and pH values of buffers. Anal Chem 68:3651ā3657
Bosch E, Espinosa S, RosĆ©s M (1998) Retention of ionizable compounds in high-performance liquid chromatography. III. Variation of pK values of buffers in acetonitrile-water mobile phases. J Chromatogr A 824:137ā146
Barbosa J, BarrĆ³n D, ButĆ S (1999) Chromatographic behaviour of ionizable compounds in liquid chromatography. Part 1. pH scale, pKa and pHs values for standard buffers in tetrahydrofuran-water. Anal Chim Acta 389:31ā42
Canals I, Portal JA, Bosch E, RosĆ©s M (2000) Retention of ionizable compounds on HPLC. 4. Mobile phase pH measurement in methanol/water. Anal Chem 72:1802ā1809
Espinosa S, Bosch E, RosĆ©s M (2000) Retention of ionizable compounds on HPLC. 5. pH scales and the retention of acids and bases with acetonitrile-water mobile phases. Anal Chem 72:5193ā5200
Espinosa S, Bosch E, RosĆ©s M (2002) Retention of ionizable compounds in high-performance liquid chromatography. IX. Modeling retention in reverse-phase liquid chromatography as a function of pH and solvent composition with acetonitrile-water mobile phases. J Chromatogr A 947:47ā58
Espinosa S, Bosch E, RosĆ©s M (2002) Retention of ionizable compounds on HPLC. 12. The properties of liquid chromatography buffers in acetonitrile-water mobile phases that influence HPLC retention. Anal Chem 74:3809ā3818
Subarats X, Bosch E, RosĆ©s M (2004) Retention of ionizable compounds on high-performance liquid chromatography. XV. Estimation of the pH variation of aqueous buffers with the change of the acetonitrile fraction of the mobile phase. J Chromatogr A 1059:33ā42
Subarats X, Bosch E, RosĆ©s M (2007) Retention of ionizable compounds on high-performance liquid chromatography. XVII. Estimation of the pH variation of aqueous buffers with the change of the methanol fraction of the mobile phase. J Chromatogr A 1138:203ā215
Å Ć¼cha L, KotrlĆ½ S (1972) Solution Equilibria in Analytical Chemistry. Reinhold, London
Butler JN, Cogley DR (1998) Ionic Equilibrium. Solubility and pH Calculations. Wiley, New York
Okamoto H, Mori K, Ohtsuka K, Ohuchi H, Ishii H (1997) Theory and computer programs for calculating solution pH, buffer formula, and buffer capacity for multiple component system at a given ionic strength and temperature. Pharm Res 14:299ā302
Dougherty DP, Neta ERDC, McFeeters RF, Lubkin SR, Breidt F Jr (2006) Semi-mechanistic partial buffer approach to modeling pH, the buffer properties, and the distribution of ionic species in complex solutions. J Agric Food Chem 54:6021ā2029
Hasting AB, Van Slyke DD (1922) The determination of the three dissociation constants of citric acid. J Biol Chem 53:269ā276
Van Slyke D (1952) On the measurement of buffer values and on the relationship of buffer value to the dissociation constant of the buffer and the concentration and reaction of the buffer solution. J Biol Chem 52:525ā570
Berto S, Crea F, Daniele PG, Gianguzza A, Pettignano A, Sammartano S (2012) Advances in the investigation of dioxauranium(VI) complexes of interest for natural fluids. Coord Chem Rev 256:63ā81
Cleveland JM (1970) Aqueous coordination complexes of plutonium. Coord Chem Rev 5:101ā137
Bodor A, BanyĆ”i I, ZĆ©kĆ”ny L, TĆ³th I (2002) Slow dynamics of aluminium-citrate complexes studied by 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Coord Chem Rev 228:163ā173
Gautier-Luneau I, Merle C, Phanon D, Lebrun C, Biaso F, Serratrice G, Pierre JL (2005) New trends in chemistry of iron(III) citrate complexes: correlation between X-ray structures and solution species probed by electrospray mass spectrometry and kinetics of iron uptake from citrate by iron chelates. Chem Eur J 11:2207ā2219
Bermejo E, Carballo R, CastiƱeiras A, Lago AB (2013) Coordination of Ī±-hydroxycarboxylic acids with first-row transition ions. Coord Chem Rev 257:2639ā2651
Voskresenskaya OO (2013) Kinetic and Thermodynamic Stability of Cerium(IV) Complexes with a Series of Aliphatic Organic Compounds. Nova Publishers, New York
SillĆ©n LG, Martell AE (1964) Stability Constants of Metal-Ion Complexes. Special publ., No.Ā 17. The Chemical Society, London
SillĆ©n LG, Martell AE (1971) Stability constants of Metal-Ion complexes. Special publ., NoĀ 25. Suppl.Ā 1. The Chemical Society, London
Martell AE, Smith RM (1977) Critical Stability Constants, volĀ 3. Other organic ligands. Plenum, New York
Perrin DD (1989) Stability Constants of Metal-Ion Complexes. Part B. Organic ligands, volĀ 6. (1979 Suppl.Ā 2). Pergamon, Oxford
Martell AE, Smith RM (1982) Critical Stability Constants, volĀ 5. Suppl.Ā 1. Plenum, New York
Smith RM, Martell AE (1989) Critical Stability Constants, volĀ 6. Suppl.Ā 2. Plenum, New York
Silva AMN, Kong XL, Hider RC (2009) Determination of the pKa value of hydroxyl group in the Ī±-hydroxycarboxylates citrate, malate and lactate by 13C NMR: implications for metal coordination in biological systems. BioMetals 22:771ā778
Kolthoff IM, Bosch W (1928) Influence of neutral salts on acid-salt equilibria. II. Dissociation constants of citric acid. Rec Trav Chim Pays-Bas 47:558ā575
Bjerrum N, Unmack A (1929) Electrometric measurements with the hydrogen electrode on mixtures of acids and bases with salt. The dissociation constants of water, phosphoric acid, citric acid and glycine. Kgl Danske Videnskab Selskab Math Fys Medd 9:5ā206
Timberlake CF (1964) Iron-malate and iron-citrate complexes. J Chem Soc 5078ā5085
Litchinsky D, Purdie N, Thomson MB, White WD (1969) A rigorous solution to the problem of interfering dissociation steps in the titration of polybasic acids. Anal Chem 41:1726ā1730
Arena G, Cali R, Grasso M, Musumeci S, Sammartano S (1980) The formation of proton and alkali-metal complexes with ligands of biological interest in aqueous solution. Part I. Potentiometric and calorimetric investigation of H+ and Na+ complexes with citrate, tartrate and malate. Thermochim Acta 36:329ā342
Foti C, Gianguzza A, Sammartano S (1997) A comparison of equations for fitting protonation constants of carboxylic acids in aqueous tetramethylammonium chloride at various ionic strengths. J Solut Chem 26:631ā648
BarrĆ³n D, ButĆ S, Ruiz M, Barbosa J (1999) Preferential solvation of the THF-water mixtures. Dissociation constants of acid components of pH reference materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 1:295ā298
Zelenina TE, Zelenin OY (2005) Complexes of citric and tartaric acids with Na and K ions in aqueous solutions. Russ J Coord Chem 31:235ā242
Kochergina LA, Vasilāev VP, Krutov DV, Krutova ON (2007) A thermochimical study of acid-base interactions in aqueous solutions of citric acid. Russ J Phys Chem A 81:182ā186
Morton C (1928) The ionization of polyhydrion acids. Trans Faraday Soc 24:14ā25
Warner RC, Weber I (1953) The cupric and ferric citrate complexes. J Am Chem Soc 75:5086ā5094
Cucinotta V, Daniele PG, Rigano C, Sammartano S (1981) The formation of proton and alkali-metal complexes with ligands of biological interest in aqueous solution. Potentiometric and PMR investigations of Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+ and NH4 + complexes with citrate. Inorg Chim Acta 56:45ā47
Simms HS (1928) The effect of salts on weak electrolytes. I. Dissociation of weak electrolytes in presence of salts. J Phys Chem 33:1121ā1141
Adell B (1940) The electrolytic dissociation of citric acid in sodium chloride solutions. Z Phys Chem A187:66ā78
De Robertis A, De Stefano C, Foti C (1999) Medium effects on the protonation of carboxylic acids at different temperatures. J Chem Eng Data 44:262ā270
GorzsĆ”s A, Getty K, Andersson I Pettersson L (2004) Speciation in the aqueous H+/H2VO4 -/H2O2/citrate system of biomedical interest. Dalton Trans 34:2873ā2882
Ćhman LO, Sjƶberg S (1983) Equilibrium and structural studies of silicon(IV) and aluminium(III). Part 9. A potentiometric study of mono- and poly-nuclear aluminium(III) citrates. J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 8:2513ā2517
De Stefano C, Foti C, GiuffrĆØ O, Sammartano S (2001) Dependence on ionic strength of protonation enthalpies of polycarboxylate ions in NaCl aqueous solution. J Chem Eng Data 46:1417ā1424
Cruywagen JJ, Van de Water RF (1986) Complexation between molybdenum(VI) and citrate. A potentiometric and calorimetric investigation. Polyhedron 5:521ā526
Okac A, Kolaric Z (1959) Potentiometric determination of citrate-zinc complexes. Coll Czech Chem Comm 24:1ā8
Tripathy KK, Patnaik RK (1966) Citrate complexes of chromium. J Indian Chem Soc 43:772ā780
Kanakare JJ (1972) Determination of dissociation constants of acids and bases by potentiostatic titrarion. Anal Chem 44:2376ā2379
Matsushita H, Hironaka H (1975) Determination of dissociation constants by potentiostatic titration. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 1252ā1254
Berto S, Daniele PG, Prenesti E, Laurenti E (2010) Interaction of oxovanadium(IV) with tricarboxylic ligands in aqueous solution: a thermodynamic and spectroscopic study. Inorg Chim Acta 363:3469ā3476
Kotsakis N, Raptopoulou CP, Tangoulis V, Terzis A, Giapintzakis J, Jakusch T (2003) Correlations of synthetic, spectroscopic, structural, and speciation studies in the biologically relevant cobalt(II) ā citrate system: the tale of the first aqueous dinuclear cobalt(II) ā citrate complex. Inorg Chem 42:22ā31
Grzybowski AK, Tate SS, Datta SR (1970) Magnesium and manganese complexes of citric and isocitric acid. J Chem Soc (A) 241ā245
Ramamoorthy S, Manning PG (1973) Equilibrium studies of metal-ion complexes of interest to natural waters. VI. Simple and mixed complexes of Fe(III) involving NTA as primary ligand and a series of oxygen-bounding organic anions as secondary ligands. J Inorg Nucl Chem 35:1571ā1575
Bastug AS, GƶktĆ¼rk S, Sismanoglu T (2008) 1:1 Binary complexes of citric acid with metal ions: stability and thermodynamic parameters. Asian J Chem 20:1269ā1278
Piispanen J, Lajunen LHJ (1995) Complex formation equilibria of some aliphatic Ī±-hydroxycarboxylic acids. 1. The determination of protonation constants and the study of calcium(II) and magnesium(II) complexes. Acta Chem Scand 49:235ā240
Bottari E, Vicedomini M (1973) On the protonation of citrate ions in 2M NaClO4. J Inorg Nucl Chem 35:1657ā1663
Thakur P, Mathur JN, Moore RC, Choppin GP (2007) Thermodynamics of dissociation constants of carboxylic acids at high ionic strength and temperature. Inorg Chim Acta 360:3671ā3780
Campi E, Ostaconi G, Meirone M, Saini G (1964) Stability of the complexes of tricarbollylic and citric acids with bivalent metal ions in aqueous solution. J Inorg Nucl Chem 26:553ā564
Capone S, De Robertis A, De Stefano C, Sammartano S (1986) Formation and stability of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) citrate complexes in aqueous solution at various temperatures. Talanta 33:763ā767
Amico P, Daniele PG, Ostacoli G, Arena G, Rizzarelli E, Sammartano S (1980) Mixed metal complexes in solution. Part II. Potentiometric study of heterobinuclear metal(II) ā citrate complexes in aqueous solution. Inorg Chim Acta Lett 44:219ā221
Rajan KS, Martell AE (1965) Equilibrium studies of uranyl complexes. III. Interaction of uranyl ion with citric acid. Inorg Chem 4:462ā469
Field TB, McCourt JL, McBryde WAE (1974) Composition and stability of iron and copper citrate complexes in aqueous solution. Can J Chem 52:3119ā3124
Briggs TN, Stuehr JE (1975) Simultaneous potentiometric determination of precise equivalent points and pK values of two- and three-pK systems. Anal Chem 47:1916ā1920
Harris WR, Martell AE (1976) Aqueous complexes of gallium(III). Inorg Chem 15:713ā720
Amico P, Daniele PG, Cucinotta V, Rizzarelli E, Sammartano S (1979) Equilibrium study of iron(II) and manganese(II) complexes with citrate ion in aqueous solution: relevance to coordination of citrate to the active site of aconitase and to gastrointestinal absorption of some essential metal ions. Inorg Chim Acta 36:1ā7
Manzurola E (1978) Complexes of metal ions with hydroxycarboxylic acids. M.Sc. thesis, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva
Migal PK, Sychev AY (1958) Stability of the citrate complexes of some metals. Zhurn Neorg Khim 3:314ā324
Tate SS, Grzybowski AK, Datta SR (1965) The stability constants of magnesium citrate complexes. J Chem Soc 3905ā3912
Daniele PG, Rigano C, Sammartano S (1983) Ionic strength dependence of formation constants. I. Protonation constants of organic and inorganic acids. Talanta 30:81ā87
Garrido G, de Nogales V, RĆ fols C, Bosch E (2007) Acidity of several polyprotic acids, amiodarone and quetiapine hemifumarate in pure methanol. Talanta 73:115ā120
Tanganov BB (2007) Acid base equilibria in solutions of polyacid bases (model and experiment): II Thermodynamic dissociation constants of tribasic acids. Russ J Gen Chem 77:1319ā1323
Tanganov BB (1981) Determination of thermodynamic constants of citric acid dissociation in dimethylformaamide. Zhurn Obshchei Khim 51:2557ā2560
Dash UN (1979) Proton ionization from carboxylic acids. J Electroanal Chem 98:297ā304
Garcia MC, Ramis G, Mongay C (1982) A comparative study of the application of the method of least-squares in the potentiometric determination of protonation constants. Talanta 29:435ā437
Niebergall PJ, Schnaare RL, Sugita ET (1973) Potentiometric determination of overlapping dissociation constants. J Pharm Sci 62:655ā659
Rizkalla EN, Antonious MS, Amis SS (1985) X-ray photoelectron and potentiometric studies of some calcium complexes. Inorg Chim Acta 96:171ā178
Grenthe I, Wikberg P (1984) Solution studies of systems with polynuclear formation. 3. The cadmium(II) citrate system. Inorg Chim Acta 91:25ā31
Matsushima Y (1963) Determination of complex stability constants by ion exchange method. Extension of Schubertās method to lower pH region. Chem Pharm Bull 11:566ā570
Sari H (2001) Determination of stability constants of citrate complexes with divalent metal ions (M2+ā=āMg, Ca, Ni, Cu and Zn) aqueous solutions. Energ Educat Sci Technol 6:85ā103
Raymond DP, Duffield JR, Williams DR (1987) Complexation of plutonium and thorium in aqueous environments. Inorg Chim Acta 140:309ā313
Roos JTH, Williams DR (1977) Formation constants for citrate-, folic acid-, gluconate- and succinate-proton, -magnanese(II) and -zinc(II) systems: relevance to absorption of dietary manganese, zinc and iron. J Inorg Nucl Chem 39:367ā369
Avdeef A, Kearney DL, Brown JA, Chemotti Jr AR (1982) Bjerrum plots for the determination of systematic concentration error in titration data. Anal Chem 54:2322ā2326
Hedwig GR, Liddle JR, Reeves RD (1980) Complex formation of nickel(II) ions with citric acid in aqueous solution: a potentiometric and spectroscopic study. Aust J Chem 33:1685ā1693
Daniele PG, Ostacoli G, Rigano C, Sammartano S (1984) Ionic strength dependence of formation constants. Part 4. Potentiometric study of the system Cu2+ā-Ni2+ācitrate. Transit Met Chem 9:385ā390
Amico P, Daniele PG, Ostacoli G (1985) Mixed metal complexes in solution. Part 4. Formation and stability of heterobinuclear complexes of cadmium(II) citrate with some bivalent metal ions in aqueous solution. Transit Met Chem 10:11ā14
Daniele PG, Ostacoli G, Zerbinati O, Sammartano S, De Robertis A (1988) Mixed metal complexes in solution. Thermodynamic and spectrophotometric study of copper(II)-citrate heterobinuclear complexes with nickel(II), zinc(II) or cadmium(II) in aqueous solution. Transit Met Chem 13:87ā91
Berto S, Crea F, Daniele PG, De Stefano C, Prenesti E, Sammartano S (2012) Potentiometric and spectrophotometric characterization of UO2 2+ā-citrate complexes in aqueous solution, at different concentrations, ionic strengths and supporting electrolytes. Radiochim Acta 100:13ā28
De Robertis A, Gianguzza A, GiuffrĆØ O, Pettignano A, Sammartano S (2006) Interaction of methyltin(IV) compounds with carboxylate ligands. Part 1 :formation and stability of methyltin(IV)-carboxylate complexes and their relevance in speciation studies of natural waters. Appl Organomet Chem 20:89ā98
Cardiano P, GiuffrĆØ O, Pellerito L, Pettignano A, Sammartano S, Scopelliti M (2006) Thermodynamic and spectroscopic study of the binding of dimethyltin(IV) by citrate at 25āĀ°C. Appl Organomet Chem 20:425ā435
Rajan KS, Mainer S, Rajan NL, Davis JM (1981) Studies on the chelation of aluminum for neurobiological applications. J Inorg Biochem 14:339ā350
Schubert J, Russell ER, Myers Jr LS (1950) Dissociation constants of radium-organic acid complexes measured by ion exchange. J Biol Chem 185:387ā398
Kety SS (1942) The lead citrate complex ion and its role in the physiology and therapy of lead poisoning. J Biol Chem 142:181ā192
Nordbƶ R (1939) The concentration of ionized magnesium and calcium in milk. J Biol Chem 128:745ā757
Meites L (1951) Polarographic studies of metal complexes. V. The cadmium(II), zinc(II) and iron(III) citrates. J Am Chem Soc 73:3727ā3731
Meites L (1950) Polarographic studies of metal complexes. II. The copper(II) citrates. J Am Chem Soc 72:180ā184
Schufle JA, DāAgostino Jr C (1956) The stability of thallium(I) citrate complex. J Phys Chem 60:1623ā1624
Schubert J (1952) Ion exchange studies of complex ions as a function of temperature, ionic strength, and presence of formaldehyde. J Phys Chem 56:113ā118
Schubert J (1954) Complexes of alkaline earth cations including amino acids and related compounds. J Am Chem Soc 76:3442ā3444
Baggio R, Calvo R, Garland MT, PeÅa O, Perec M, Rizzi A (2005) Gadolinium and neodymium citrates: evidence for weak ferromagnetic exchange between gadolinium(III) cations. Inorg Chem 44:8979ā8987
Li NC, Westfall WM, Lindenbaum A, White JM, Schubert J (1957) Manganese-54, uranium-233 and cobalt-60 complexes of some organic acids. J Am Chem Soc 79:5864ā5870
Schubert J, Lind EL, Westfall WM, Pfleger R (1958) Ion-exchange and solvent extraction studies on Co(II) and Zn(II) complexes of some organic acids. J Am Chem Soc 80:4799ā4802
Parry RW, DuBois FW (1952) Citrate complexes of copper in acid solutions. J Am Chem Soc 74:3749ā3753
Li NC, Lindenbaum A, White JM (1959) Some metal complexes of citric and tricarballylic acids. J Inorg Nucl Chem 12:122ā128
Schubert J, Richter JW (1948) Cation exchange studies on the barium citrate complex and related equilibria. J Am Chem Soc 70:4259ā4260
Tompkins ER, Mayer SW (1947) Ion exchange as a separation method. III. Equilibrium studies of the reactions of rare earth complexes with synthetic ion exchange resins. J Am Chem Soc 69:2859ā2865
Bobtelsky M, Graus B (1953) Lead citrate complexes and salts, their composition, structure and behavior. J Am Chem Soc 75:4172ā4175
Treumann WB, Ferris LM (1958) The determination of a thermodynamic stability constant for cadmium citrate (CdCitā) complex ion at 25āĀ°C by a E.M.F. method. J Am Chem Soc 80:5050ā5052
Bottari E, Vicedomini M (1973) On the complex formation between lead(II) and citrate ions in acid solution. J Inorg Nucl Chem 35:1269ā1278
Bottari E, Vicedomini M (1973) On the complex formation between lead(II) and citrate ions in alkaline solution. J Inorg Nucl Chem 35:2497ā2453
Feldman I, Toribara TY, Havill JR, Neuman WF (1955) The beryllium-citrate system. II. Ion-exchange studies. J Am Chem Soc 77:878ā881
Hamm RE, Shull CM Jr, Grant DM (1954) Citrate complexes with iron(II) and iron(III). J Am Chem Soc 76:2111ā2114
Hastings AB, McLean FC, Eichelberger JL, Da Costa E (1934) The ionization of calcium, magnesium and strontium citrates. J Biol Chem 107:351ā370
Happe JA (1973) A probe of chelated zinc(II) environments using chlorine-35 nuclear magnetic resonance. J Am Chem Soc 95:6232ā6237
Greenwald I (1938) The dissociation of some calcium salts. J Biol Chem 134:437ā452
Feldman I, North CA, Hunter HB (1960) Equilibrium constants for the formation of polynuclear tridentate 1:1 chelates in uranyl-malate, -citrate and tartrate systems. J Phys Chem 64:1224ā1230
Rechnitz GA, Zamochnick SB (1964) Application of cation-sensitive glass electrodes to the study of alkali metal complexes. II. Use of a potential comparison method. Talanta 11:1061ā1065
Smith TD (1965) Chelates formed by tin(II) with citric and tartaric acids, and their interaction with certain transition-metal ions. J Chem Soc 2145ā2150
Bobtelsky M, Jordan J (1945) The metallic complexes of tartrates and citrates, their structure and behavior in dilute solutions. I. The cupric and nickelous complexes. J Am Chem Soc 67:1824ā1831
Strouse J (1977) 13C NMR studies of ferrous citrates in acidic and alkaline solutions. Implications concerning the active site of aconitase. J Am Chem Soc 99:572ā580
Walser M (1961) Ion association. V Dissociation constants for complexes of citrate with sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions. J Phys Chem 65:159ā161
Motekaitis RJ, Martell AE (1984) Complexes of aluminum(III) with hydroxycarboxylic acids. Inorg Chem 23:18ā23
Williams DR (1977) Analytical and computer simulation studies of a colloidal bismuth citrate system used as an ulcer treatment. J Inorg Nucl Chem 39:711ā714
Li NC, White JM (1960) Some metal complexes of citrate-. II Anion exchange studies. J Inorg Nucl Chem 16:131ā137
Adams A, Smith TD (1960) The formation and photochemical oxidation of uranium(IV) citrate complexes. J Chem Soc 4846ā4850
Tobia SK, Milad NE (1963) Ion-exchange study of the stability and composition of magnesium citrate complex. J Chem Soc 734ā736
Tobia SK, Milad NE (1964) Ion-exchange study of the magnesium citrate complex. Effect of ionic strength, temperature, and pH. J Chem Soc 1915ā1918
Gilbert TW, Newman L, Klotz P (1968) Mixed-metal hydroxycarboxylic complexes. The chromium(III) inhibition of the solvent extraction of indium(III). Anal Chem 40:2123ā2130
Hubert S, Hussonnois M, Brillard L, Goby G, Guillaumont R (1974) Determination simultanee de constants de formation de complexes citrique de lāamericium, du curium, du californium, de lāeinsteinium et du fermium. J Inorg Nucl Chem 36:2361ā2366
Roos JTH, Williams DR (1977) Formation constants for citrate-, folic acid-, gluconate- and succinate-proton-manganese(II), and zinc(II) systems: relevance in absorption of dietary manganese, zinc and iron. J Inorg Nucl Chem 39:367ā368
Markovits G, Klotz P, Newman L (1972) Formation constants for the mixed-metal complexes between indium(III) and uranium(VI) with malic, citric and tartaric acids. Inorg Chem 11:2405ā2408
Covington AK, Danish EY (2009) Measurement of magnesium stability constants of biologically relevant ligands by simultaneously use of pH and ion-selective electrodes. J Solut Chem 38:1449ā1462
Galateanu I (1966) Ćtude de la formulation de complexes du protactinium avec les acides di- et poly-carboxyliques par la mĆ©thode dāechange dāions. Can J Chem 44:647ā655
Pearce KN (1980) Formation constants for magnesium and calcium citrate complexes. Aust J Chem 33:1511ā1517
Eberle SH, Moattar F (1972) Die komplexe de Am(III) mit zitronesƤure. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 8:265ā270
Barnes JC, Bristow PA (1970) Lanthanum citrate complexes in acidic solutions. J Less-Common Metals 22:463ā465
Rajan KS, Mainer S, Davis JM (1978) Formation and stabilities of the ternary metal chelates of L-3,4 dihydroxyphenyl aniline (L-DOPA) with a number of secondary ligands. J Inorg Nucl Chem 40:2089ā2099
Field TB, Coburn J, McCourt JL, McBryde WAE (1975) Composition and stability of some metal citrate and diglycolate complexes in aqueous solution. Anal Chim Acta 74:101ā106
Wyrzykowski D, Czupryniak J, Ossowski T, Chmurzynski L (2010) Thermodynamic interactions of the alkaline earth metal ions with citric acid. J Therm Anal Calorim 102:149ā154
Zelenin OYu. (2007) Interaction of the Ni2+ ion with citric acid in an aqueous solution. Russ J Coord Chem 33:346ā350
Rechnitz GA, Hseu TM (1961) Analytical and biochemical measurements with a new solid-membrane calcium-selective electrode. Anal Chem 41:111ā115
Dodge CJ, Francis AJ (2002) Photodegradation of a ternary iron(III)-uranium(VI)-citric acid complex. Environ Sci Technol 36:2094ā2100
Matzapetakis M, Karligiano N, Bino A, Dakanali M, Raptopoulou CP, Tangoulis V, Terzis A, Giapiutzakis J Salifoglou (2000) Manganese citrate chemistry: synthesis, spectroscopic studies and structural characterizations of novel mononuclear water soluble manganese citrate complexes. Inorg Chem 39:4044ā4051
Lopez-Quintela MA, Knoche W, Veith J (1984) Kinetics and thermodynamics of complex formation between aluminium(III) and citric acid in aqueous solution. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans I 80:2313ā2321
Willey GR, Somasunderam U, Aris DR, Errington W (2001) Ge(IV)-citrate complex formation: synthesis and structural characterization of GeCl4 (bipy) and GeCl(bipy)(Hcit) (bipyā=ā2,2ā-bipyridine, H4citā=ācitric acid). Inorg Chim Acta 315:191ā195
Alcock NW, Dudek M, GryboÅ R, Hodorowicz E, Kanas A, Samotus A (1990) Complexation between molybdenum(VI) and citrate: structural characterization of a tetrameric complex, K4[(MoO2)4O3(cit)2] .6H2O. J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 1:707ā711
Ohyoshi E, Ohyoshi A (1971) A study of complexes with polybasic acid. Am(III) citrate complexes. J Inorg Nucl Chem 33:4265ā4273
Tsaramyrsi M, Kavousanaki D, Raptopoulou CP, Terzis A, Salifoglou A (2001) Systematic synthesis structural characterization, and reactivity studies of vanadium(V)-citric anions [VO2(C6H6O7)]2 2ā, isolated from aqueous solutions in presence of different cations. Inorg Chim Acta 320:47ā59
Martin RB (1986) Citrate binding of Al3+ and Fe3+. J Inorg Biochem 28:181ā187
Ohyoshi A, Ueno K (1974) Studies on actinide elements-VI. Photo chemical reduction of uranyl ion in citric acid solution. J Inorg Nucl Chem 36:379ā384
Cruywagen JJ, KrĆ¼ger L, Rohwer EA (1991) Complexation of tungsten(VI) with citrate. J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 16:1727ā1731
Leal RS (1959) Composition and stability constant of cerium and ammonium citrate at alkaline pH. J Inorg Nucl Chem 10:159ā161
Panagiotidis P, Kefalas ET, Raptopoulou CP, Terzis A, Mavromoustakos T, Salifoglou A (2008) Delving into the complex picture of Ti(IV)-citrate speciation in aqueous media: synthetic, structural and electrochemical considerations in mononuclear Ti(IV) complexes containing variable deprotonated citrate ligands. Inorg Chim Acta 361:2210ā2224
Piispan J, Lafunen LHJ (1995) Complex formation equilibria of some aliphatic Ī±-hydroxycarboxylic acids. 2. The study of copper(II) complexes. Acta Chem Scand 49:241ā247
Ćhman LO, Nordin A, Sedeh IF, Sjƶberg S (1991) Equilibrium and structural studies of silicon(IV) and aluminium(III) in aqueous solution. 28. Formation of soluble silicic acid-ligand complexes as studied by potentiometric and solubility measurements. Acta Chem Scand 45:335ā341
Duffield JR, Raymond DP, Williams DR (1987) Speciation of plutonium in biological fluids. Inorg Chim Acta 140:369ā372
Svoronos DR, Bouhlassa S, Guillaumont R (1980) Citric complexes and crystalline neodymium citrates. Comp Rend Sci Chim C290:13ā15
Svoronos DR, Bouhlassa S, Guillaumont R, Quarton M (1981) Citric complexes and neodymium citrate NdCitĀ·3H2O. J Inorg Nucl Chem 46:1541ā1545
Guillaumont R, Bourderie L (1971) Citric complexes of 4f and 5f elements. Bull Soc Chim Fr 8:2806ā2809
Asato E, Hol CM, Hulsbergen FB, Klooster NTM, Reedijk J (1991) Synthesis, structure and spectroscopic properties of bismuth citrate compounds. Part II. Comparison between crystal structures of solid bismuth citrates and commercial CBS, using thermal and spectroscopic methods. Inorg Chem 30:4210ā4214
Schulz WW, Mendel JE, Phillips JF Jr (1966) Evidence for a chromium(III)-cerium(III)-citrate complex. J Inorg Nucl Chem 28:2399ā2403
Mak MKS, Langford CH (1983) Kinetic analysis applied to aluminum citrate complex. Inorg Chim Acta 70:237ā246
Rees TF, Daniel SR (1984) Complexation of neptunium(V) by salicylate, phthalate and citrate ligands in a pH 7.5 phosphate buffered system. Polyhedron 3:667ā673
Mathur JN, Cernochova K, Choppin GR (2007) Thermodynamics and laser luminescence spectroscopy of binary and ternary complexation of Am3+, Cm3+ and Eu3+ with citric acid, and citric acid + EDTA at high ionic strength. Inorg Chim Acta 360:1785ā1791
Ohyoshi E, Ono H, Yamakawa S (1972) A study of citrate complexes of several lanthanides. J Inorg Nucl Chem 34:1955ā1960
McDowell WJ, Keller OL Jr , Dittner PE, Tarrant JR, Case GN (1976) Nobelium chemistry: aqueous complexing with carboxylate ions. J Inorg Nucl Chem 38:1207ā1210
Amico P, Daniele PG, Ostacoli G, Arena G, Rizzarelli E, Sammartano S (1980) Mixed metal complexes. Part II. Potentiometric study of heterobinuclear metal(II)-citrate complexes in aqueous solution. Inorg Chim Acta 44:L219āL221
Bouhlassa S, Guillaumont R (1984) Complexes citriques et citrates dāamĆ©ricium. J Less-Common Met 99:157ā171
Keizer TS, Scott BL, Sauer NN, McCleskey TM (2005) Stable soluble beryllium aluminum citrate complexes inspired by the emerald mineral structures. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:2403ā2406
Silva AMN, Kong XL, Parkin MC, Cammack R, Hider RC (2009) Iron(III) citrate speciation in aqueous solution. J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 39:8616ā8625
Bailey EH, Mosselmans JFW, Schofield PF (2005) Uranyl-citrate speciation in acidic aqueous solutions ā an XAS study between 25 and 200āĀ°C. Chem Geol 216:1ā16
Zhang H, Zhao H, Jiang YQ, Hou SY, Zhou ZH, Wan HL (2003) pH- and mole-ratio dependent tungsten(VI)-citrate speciation from aqueous solutions: syntheses, spectroscopic properties and crystal structures. Inorg Chim Acta 351:311ā318
Nunes TM (1987) New NMR evidence of the uranyl-citrate complexes. Inorg Chim Acta 129:283ā287
Tanaka Y, Fukuda J, Okamoto M, Maeda M (1981) Infrared spectroscopic and chromatographic studies on uranium isotope effect in formation of uranyl acetate, citrate and fluoride complexes in aqueous solution. J Inorg Nucl Chem 43:3291ā3294
Blomqvist K, Still ER (1984) Solution studies of systems with polynuclear complex formation. 4. Heteronuclear copper(ii0 citrate complexes with nickel(II) and magnesium(II). Inorg Chim Acta 82:141ā144
Azab HA, El-Nady AM, Hassan A, Azkal RSA (1994) Potentiometric studies of binary and ternary complexes of cobalt(II) with adenosine-5ā-mono-, -di- and -triphosphate and some biologically important polybasic oxygen acids. Monatsh Chem 125:1059ā1066
Blaquiere C, Berthon G (1987) Speciation studies in relation to magnesium bioavailability. Formation of Mg(II) complexes with glutamate, aspartate, glycinate, lactate, pyroglutamate, pyridoxine and citrate, and appraisal of their potential significance toward magnesium gastrointestinal absorption. Inorg Chim Acta 135:179ā189
Pedrosa PG, de Deus Farropas M, OāBrien P, Gillard RD, Williams PA (1983) Photochemical studies of the Mo(VI) citric acid complex Mo2O5OH(H2O)(C6H5O7)2ā. Transit Met Chem 8:193ā195
De Stefano C, Gianguzza A, Piazzese D, Sammartaus S (1999) Speciation of low molecular weight carboxylic ligands in natural fluids: protonation constants and association with major components of seawater of oxydiacetic and citric acids. Anal Chim Acta 398:103ā110
Kalalova E (1972) Scandium citrate tartrate, and malate complexes. Zhurn Neorg Khim 17:1584ā1589
Kumok VN, Skorik NA, Serebrennikov VU (1965) Stability of scandium citrate and oxalate complexes. Tr Tomsk Univ Ser Khim 185:129ā131
Zviedre I, Belakovs S, Zarina I (2010) Crystal structure of new double complex of copper(II) with boric and citric acid. Litvijas Khimijas Zhurn 49:39ā44
Kiss T, BuglyĆ³ P, Sanna D, Micera G, Decock P, Dewaele D (1995) Oxavanadium(IV) complexes of citric and tartaric acids in aqueous solution. Inorg Chim Acta 239:145ā153
Samotus A, Kanas A, Dudek M, GryboÅ R, Hodorowicz E (1991) 1:1 Molybdenum(VI) citric acid complexes. Transit Met Chem 16:495ā499
Kaliva M, Kyriakakis E, Gabriel C, Raptopoulou CP, Tarzis A, Tuchangues JP, Salifoglou A (2006) Synthesis isolation, spectroscopic and structural characterization of a new pH complex structural variant from the aqueous vanadium(V)-peroxy-citrate ternary system. Inorg Chim Acta 359:4535ā4548
Dodge CJ, Francis AJ (1997) Biotransformation of binary and ternary citric acid complexes of iron and uranium. Environ Sci Technol 31:3062ā3067
Gauthier-Luneau I, Bertet P, Jeunet A, Serratrice G, Pierre JL (2007) Iron-citrate complexes and free radicals generation: is citric acid an innocent additive in food and drinks. BioMetals 20:793ā796
Borkowski M, Choppin GR, Moore RC, Free SJ (2000) Thermodynamic modeling of metal-ligand interactions in high ionic strength NaCl solutions: the Co2+ -citrate and Ni2+ -citrate systems. Inorg Chim Acta 298:141ā145
De Robertis A, Di Giacomo P, Foti C (1995) Ion-selective electrode measurements for the determination of formation constants of alkali and alkaline earth metal with low-molecular-weight ligands. Anal Chim Acta 300:45ā51
Nebel D, Anders G (1975) Complexing and salvation on some actinides. I Complexing with acetate and citrate. Isotopenpraxis 11:152ā155
Nebel D (1966) Complex formation of plutonium in aqueous solution. Zeits Anal Chem 262:284ā285
Das R, Pani S (1955) Citrate complex of trivalent antimony. J Indian Chem Soc 32:537ā543
Glickson JD, Pitner TP, Webb J, Gams RA (1975) Hydrogen-1 and Gallium-71 nuclear resonance study of gallium-citrate in aqueous solution. J Am Chem Soc 97:1679ā1683
Still ER, Wikberg P (1980) Solution studies of systems with polynuclear complex formation. I. The copper(II) citrate system. Inorg Chim Acta 46:147ā152
Hansen HR, Pergantis SA (2006) Investigating the formation of an Sb(V)-citrate complex by HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC-ES-MS(/MS). J Anal At Spectrom 21:1240ā1248
Matzapetakis M, Kougiantakis M, Dakanali M, Raptopoulou CP, Terzis A, Lakatos A, Kiss T, BanyaĆ I, Iordanidis L, Mavromoustakos T, Salifoglou A (2001) Synthesis pH-dependent structural characterization, and solution behavior of aluminum and gallium citrate complexes. Inorg Chem 40:1734ā1744
Tsimber SM, Novikova LS (1977) Complexes of silver(I) with some hydroxy acids. Zhurn Neorg Khim 22:1842ā1846
Zheng J, Iijima A, Furuta N (2001) Complexation effect of antimony compounds with citric acid and its application to the speciation of antimony(III) and antimony(V) using HPLC-IPC-MS. J Anal At Spectrom 16:812ā818
DjokiÄ S (2008) Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of silver citrate complexes. Bioinorg Chem Appl 1ā7
Onstott EI (1955) The separation of europium from samarium by electrolysis. J Am Chem Soc 77:2129ā2132
Spedding FH, Fulmer EI, Butler TA, Powell JE (1950) The separation of rare earths by ion exchange. IV. Further investigations concerning variables involved in the separation of samarium, neodymium and praseodymium. J Am Chem Soc 92:2349ā2354
Lefebvre J (1956) Potentiometric study of complex equilibriums. III. Potentiometric indicators. Compt Rend 242:1729ā1732
Lefebvre J (1957) Potentiometric surface method. III Application to the study of compounds of malic and citric acids with copper. J Chim Phys PCB 54:581ā600
Ekstrƶm LG, Olin Ć (1979) On the complex formation between lead(II) and citrate ions in acid, neutral and weakly alkaline solution. Chemica Scripta 13:10ā15
Heinz E (1951) Investigations on complex compounds of calcium. Biochem Z 321:314ā342
Kozlicka M (1964) Stability of some complex compounds of zirconium by the metal indicator method. Chemia Anal (Wars) 13:809ā815
Pyatnitskii IV, Glushchenko LM, Melānichuk OM (1979) Mixed-metal complexes of copper and bismuth (or zirconium) with citrate and their analytical use. Zhurn Anal Khim 34:459ā464
Antonov PG, Agapov IA, Kotelānikov VP (1997) Complexation of ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) with tin(II) compounds in aqueous solutions of citric, tartaric and lactic acids. Zhurn Prikl Khim 70:1409ā1412
Bobtelsky M, Graus B (1954) Thorium citrate complexes, their composition, structure and behavior. J Am Chem Soc 76:1536ā1539
Strizhakova NG, Karlysheva KF, Sheka IA (1978) Citrate complexes of zirconium. Ukrain Khim Zhurn 44:227ā231
Choppin GR, Ekten HA, Xia YX (1996) Variation of stability constants of thorium citrate complexes with ionic strength. Radiochim Acta 74:123ā127
Raymond DP, Duffield JR, Williams DR (1987) Complexation of plutonium and thorium in aqueous environments. Inorg Chim Acta 140:309ā313
Hoshi M, Ueno K (1977) The precipitations of thorium, uranium(VI) and plutonium (IV) citrate complex ion with hexamminecobalt(III) ion. Radiochem Radioanal Lett 30:145ā153
Grinberg AA, Petrzhak GI, Lozhkina GS (1971) Complexes of thorium with organic ligands. Radiokhimiya 13:836ā840
Tokmadzhyan MA, Dobrynina NA, Martinenko LI, Spitsyn VI (1975) Mixed complexes formed by rare-earth elements with iminodiacetic and citric acids. Izv Akad Nauk Ser Khim 460ā462
Alekseeva II, Gromova AD, Dermeleva IV, Khyorostukhina NA (1978) Complexing osmium with carboxylic and hydroxycarboxylic acids. Zhurn Neorg Khim 23:98ā101
Bivi Mitre MG, Wierna NR, Wagner CC, Baran EJ (2000) Spectroscopic and magnetic properties of a Ni(II) complex with citric acid. Biol Trace Elem Res 76:183ā190
Beyer GJ, Bergmann R, Schomaecker K, Roesch F, Schaefer G, Kulikov EV, Novgorodov AF (1990) Comparison of the biodistribution of actinium-225 and radiolanthanides as citrate complexes. Isotopenpraxis 26:111ā114
Moutte A, Gaillaumont R (1969) Citrate complexes of actinium and curium. Rev Chim Miner 6:603ā610
Kornev VI, Kardapolātsev AA (2008) Heteroligand mercury(II) complexes with aspartic, tartaric, and citric acids. Russ J Coord Chem 34 896ā900
Tselinskii YK, Kvyatkovskaya LY (1976) Study of the state of zirconium in solutions of mesotartaric and citric acids. Ukrain Khim Zhurn 42:576ā581
Van der Linden WE, Beers C (1975) Formation constants of mercury(II) with some buffer/masking agents and the formation of mixed-ligand complexes. Talanta 22:89ā92
Zaitsev BN, Nikolaev VM, Shalimov VV (1975) Reaction of tetravalent plutonium and zirconium with citric acid in nitric acid solutions. Radiokhimiya 17:284ā287
Bouhlassa S, Hubert S, Brillard L, Guillaumont R (1977) Trivalent berkelium citrate complexes. Rev Chim Miner 14:239ā248
Ziegler M (1959) Extraction of citrate and tartrate complexes of the transition metals. Naturwissenschaften 46:492
Hubert S, Hussonnis M, Guillaumont R (1973) Mise en evidence de lāeffet nephelanxetique dans un complex citrique de elements de la serie 4f. J Inorg Nucl Chem 35:2923ā2944
Moenze R (1977) Formation of citrate complexes of technetium. Radiochem Radioanal Lett 30:61ā64
Moenze R (1977) Formation of technetium(III) citrate complexes. Radiochem Radioanal Lett 30:117ā122
Moenze R (1981) Polynuclear technetium99(IV) citrate complex. Radiochem Radioanal Lett 48:281ā287
Pantani F (1964) Rhodium oxalate, citrate and tartrate complexes: a polaro-graphic and spectrophotometric investigation. Ric Sci 4:41ā48
Levin VI, Kodina GE, Novoselov VS (1977) Composition and stability of complexes of gallium and indium with citric acid. Koord Khim 3:1503ā1505
Zolotukhin VK, Galanets ZG, Monchak TI (1965) Trivalent indium citrate complexes. Ukr Khim Zhurn 31:342ā347
Lavrova GV, Tsimmergakl VA (1967) Infrared absorption spectra of gallium and indium citrate complexes. Zhurn Neorg Khim 12:922ā926
Manzurola E, Apelblat A, Markovits G, Levy O (1989) Metal-mixed hydroxycarboxylic acid complexes. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans I 85:373ā379
Manzurola E, Apelblat A, Markovits G, Levy O (1988) Mixed metal hydroxycarboxylic acid complexes. Spectroscopic study of complexes of U(VI) with In(III), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II). J Solut Chem 17:47ā57
Bouhlassa S, Petit-Ramel M, Guillaumont R (1984) Neodymium citrate complexes. Bull Soc Chim (Fr) 5ā11
Bouhlassa S, Guillaumont R (1984) Formation conditions and crystallographic and spectroscopic characteristics of neodymium citrates. Bull Soc Chim (Fr) 12ā18
Guillaumont R (1968) Citrate complexes of pentavalent protactinium. Bull Soc Chim (Fr) 1956ā1961
Metivier H, Guillaumont R (1971) Plutonium(IV) citrates. Radiochem Radioanal Lett 10:239ā250
Feldman I, Neuman WF, Dankey KA, Havill JR (1951) The beryllium-citrate system. I. Dialysis studies in alkaline solution. J Am Chem Soc 73:4775ā4777
Topolski A (2011) Insight into the degradation of a manganese(III)-citrate complex in aqueous solutions. Chem Papers 65:380ā392
Bigelis VM, Parmanov TI (1987) Equilibrium and steady-state potentials of tellurium in citrate-sulfuric acid solution. Elektrokhim 23 987ā988
Konecny C (1963) Spectrophotometric investigation of the ternary system ruthenium(III)-citrate-nitrosonaphtol. Anal Chim Acta 29:423ā433
Antonov PG, Agapov IA, Kotelānikov VP (1997) Complexation of ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) with tin(II) compounds in aqueous solutions of citric, tartaric and lactic acids. Zhurn Prikl Khim 70:1409ā1412
Dodge CJ, Francis AJ (1997) Biotransformation of binary and ternary citric acid complexes of iron and uranium. Environ Sci Technol 31:3062ā3067
Dodge CJ, Francis AJ (2002) Photodegradation of a ternary iron(III)-uranium(VI)-citric acid complex. Environ Sci Technol 36:2094ā2100
Beloedova TV, Kazakova LV, Skorik NA (1972) Stability of rare earth and yttrium citrate complexes in water and water-alcohol mixtures. Zhurn Neorg Khim 17:1580ā1583
Tripathy KK, Patnaik RK (1973) Citrate complex of yttrium(III). Acta Chim Acad Sci Hung 79:279ā288
Collins JM, Uppal R, Incarvito CD, Valentine AM (2005) Titanium(IV) citrate speciation and structure under environmentally and biologically relevant conditions. Inorg Chem 44:3431ā3440
Clausen M, Ohman LO, Persson P (2004) Spectroscopic studies of aqueous gallium(III) and aluminum(III) citrate complexes. J Inorg Biochem 99:716ā726
Deng YF, Zhou ZH, Wan HL (2004) pH dependent isolation and spectroscopic, structural, and thermal studies of titanium citrate complexes. Inorg Chem 43:6266ā6273
Grigorāeva VV, Golubeva IV (1975) Niobium(V) citrate complexes. Zhurn Neorg Khim 20:941ā946
Grigorāeva VV, Golubeva IV (1979) Determination of the composition and dissociation constants of niobium(V) complexes by a photometric method. Ukr Khim Zhurn 45:327ā332
Grigorāeva VV, Golubeva IV (1980) Hydroxy acid complexes of niobium. Ukr Khim Zhurn 46:468ā472
Petit-Ramel MM, Khalil I (1974) Mixed bimetallic complexes II. Determination of the stability constants of yttrium citrates of the bimetallic copper yttrium citrate. Bull Soc Chim (Fr) 1259ā1263
Salānikov, Yu I, Devyatov FV (1983) Mixed-center citrate complexes of yttrium group lanthanide and gadolinium(III) ions. Zhurn Neorg Khim 28:606ā610
Shuttleworth SG (1951) A conductometric study of chromium citrate complex ions. J Am Leather Assoc 46:409ā417
Bartusik M, Havel J, Matula D (1991) Boron chelates with citrate. Scripta Chem 21:63ā67
Belousova EM, Pozharitskii AF, Seifullina II, Borovskaya MM (1978) Spectroscopic study of the Complexing germanium(IV) with tartaric and citric acids. Zhurn Neorg Khim 18:2766ā2771
Seifullina II, Martsinko EE, Minacheva LKh, Pesaroglo AG, Sergienko VS (2009) Synthesis, structure, and properties for the use of new coordination compounds of germanium(IV) with hydroxy acids. Ukr Khim Zhurn 75:3ā9
Karazhanov NA, Kalacheva VG (1968) Conditions for the existence of boron complexes in solution. Izv Akad Nauk Kazakh SSR Ser Khim 18:1ā6
Deng YF, Jiang YQ, Hong QM, Zhou ZH (2007) Speciation of water-soluble titanium citrate: synthesis, structural, spectroscopic properties and biological relevance. Polyhedron 26:1561ā1569
Getsova M, Todorovsky D, Enchev V, Wawer I (2007) cerium(III/IV) and Cerium(IV)-titanium(IV) citric complexes prepared in ethylene glycol medium. Monat Chem 138:389ā401
Skorik NA, Serebrennikov VV (1964) Hydroxycitrates of yttrium, potassium and some rare earth elements. Zhurn Neorg Khim 9:1483ā1485
Skorik NA, Kumok VN, Perov EI, Avgustan KP, Serebrennikov VV (1965) Complexes of rare earth citrates in acid solutions. Zhurn Neorg Khim 10:653ā656
Skorik NA, Serebrennikov VV (1966) Rare-earth element citrates in aqueous solutions. Zhurn Neorg Khim 11:764ā765
Skorik NA, Kumok VN, Serebrennikov VV (1967) Compounds of mercury(II) with nitrotriacetic and citric acid. Zhurn Neorg Khim 12:2711ā2714
Skorik NA, Kumok VN, Serebrennikov VV (1967) Thorium citrate. Radiokhim 9:515ā517
Skorik NA, Artish AS (1985) Stability of gallium, indium and thorium complexes with several organic acids. Zhurn Neorg Khim 30:1994ā1997
Haissinsky M, Yang JT (1949) Stability of some organic complexes of the elements of the forth and fifth groups of the periodic table. II Oxalates, citrate, and tartrates of columbium, tantalum and protoactinium. Anal Chim Acta 4:328ā332
Bonin L, Den Auwer C, Ansoborio E, Cote G, Moisy P (2007) Study of Np speciation in citrate media. Radiochim Acta 95:371ā379
Bonin L, Cote G, Moisy P (2008) Speciation of An(IV) (Pu, Np, U and Th) in citrate media. Radiochim Acta 96:145ā152
Sevostāyanova EP (1983) Stability of neptunium(IV, V and VI) in citric acid solutions. Radiokhim 25:340ā345
Moskvin AI (1959) Investigation of the plutonium and americium(III) complex formation in aqueous solutions by the solubility and the ion-exchange methods. Radiokhim 1:430ā434
Moskvin AI, Khalturin GV, Gelāman AD (1962) Determination of the composition and instability constants of citrate and tartrate complexes of americium(III) by the ion-exchange method. Radiokhim 4:162ā166
Stepanov AV (1971) Comparative stability of complexes of yttrium, and some rare-earth and actinide elements with anions of oxalic, citric, ethylenediaminetetraacetic and 1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acids. Zhurn Neorg Khim 16:2981ā2985
Ohyoshi E, Ohyoshi A (1971) Complexes with polybasic acid. americium(III) citrate complexes. J Inorg Nucl Chem 33:4265ā4273
Eberle SH, Moattar F (1972) Complexes of americium(III) with citric acid. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 8:265ā270
Samhoun K, David F, Hanh RL, OāKelley GD, Tarrant JR, Hobart DE (1979) Electrochemical study of mendelevium in aqueous solution: no evidence of monovalent ions. J Inorg Nucl Chem 41:1749ā1754
Vajo JJ, Aikens DA, Ashley L, Poelti DE, Bailey RA, Clark HM, Bunce SC (1981) Facile electroreduction of perrhenate in weakly acidic citrate and oxalate media. Inorg Chem 20:3328ā3333
Peshkova VM, Gromova MI (1957) The study of compounds of neodymium, praseodymium and erbium with citric acid by the spectrophotometric method. J Neorg Khim 2:1356ā1364
Mishchenko VT, Poluektov NS (1964) Polynuclear citrate-complexes of the rare-earth elements. Russ J Inorg Chem 9:986ā990
Wyrzykowski D, Chmurzynski L (2010) Thermodynamics of citrate complexation with Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Mn2+ ions. J Therm Anal Calorim 102:61ā64
Aquino AJA, Tunega D, Haberhauer G, Gerzabek MH, Lischka H (2001) A density-functional investigation of aluminium(III)-citrate complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 3:1979ā1985
Chen Q, Zhang X, Wu CH, Hepler LG (1993) Calorimetric investigation of complex formation in the aqueous Fe(III)-citrate system. Can J Chem 71:937ā941
Wu CH, Dobrogowska C, Zhang X Hepler LG (1997) Calorimetric investigation of Al3+ (aq), Al(OH)4 ā(aq), and aluminum-citrate complexes at 298.15Ā K. Can J Chem 75:110ā1113
Bickley RI, Edwards HGM, Gustar R, Rose SJA (1991) Vibrational spectroscopic study of nickel (II) citrate Ni3(C6H5O7)2 and its aqueous solutions. J Mol Struct 246:217ā228
Bichara LC, Bimbi MVF, Gervasi CA, Alvarez PE, Brandan SA (2012) Evidences of the formation of a tin(IV) complex in citric-citrate buffer solution: a study based on voltammetric, FTIR and ab initio calculations. J Mol Struct 1008:95ā101
Kaliva M, Kyriakakis E, Salifoglou A (2002) Reactivity investigation of dinuclear vanadium(IV, V)-citrate complexes in aqueous solutions. A closer look into aqueous vanadium-citrate interconversions. Inorg Chem 41:7015ā7023
Biaso F, Duboc C, Barbara B, Serratrice G, Thomas F, Charapoff D, BĆ©guin C (2005) High-field EPR study of frozen aqueous solutions of iron(III) citrate complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 467ā478
Lakatos A, BĆ”nyai I, Decock P, Kiss T (2001) Time-dependent solution speciation of the AlIII-citrate system: potentiometric and NMR study. Eur J Inorg Chem 461ā469
Pedrosa de Jesus JD, de Deus Farrapas M, OāBrien P, Gillard RD, Williams PA (1983) Photochemical studies of the MoVI citrate complex Mo2O5OH(H2O)(C6H5O7)2ā. Transition Met Chem 8:193ā195
Samotus A, Kanas A, Dudek M, GryboÅ R, Hodorowicz E (1991) 1:1 Molybdenum(VI) citric acid complexes. Transit Met Chem 16:495ā499
Cervilla A, Ramirez JA, Llopis E (1986) Compouns of tungsten(VI) with citric acid: a spectrophotometric, polarimetric and hydrogen-1, carbon-13 N.M.R. Study of the formation and interconversion equilibria in aqueous solution. Transit Met Chem 11:87ā91
Cameiro MLB, Nunes ES, Peixoto RCA, Oliveira RGS, LourenƧo LHM, de Silva ICR, Simioni AR, Tedesco AC, de Souza AR, Lacava ZGM, BĆ”o SN (2011) Free rhodium(II) citrate and rhodium(II) citrate magnetic carriers as potential strategies for breast cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnol 9:1ā17
Martsinko EE, Minacheva LK, Pesaraglo AG, Seifullina II, Churakov AV, Sergienko VS (2011) Bis(citrate) germinates of bivalent 3d metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn): crystal and molecular structure of [Fe(H2O)6][Ge(HCit)2]Ā·4H2O. Russ J Inorg Chem 56:1243ā1249
Brar AS, Ranhawa BS (1983) Mƶssbauer effect studies of alkali bis(citrate) ferrates(III). J Phys 44:1345ā1349
Pasilis SP, Pemberton JL (2003) Speciation and coordination chemistry of uranyl(VI)-citrate complexes in aqueous solution. Inorg Chem 42:6793ā6800
Allen PG, Shuh DK, Bucher JJ, Edelstein NM, Reich T, Denecke MA Nitsche H (1996) EXAFS determination of uranium structures. The uranyl ion complexed with tartaric, citric and malic acids. Inorg Chem 35:784ā787
Bobtelsky M, Graus B (1955) Cerous citrate complexes, their composition, structure and behavior. J Am Chem Soc 77:1990ā1993
Kƶnigsberger LC, Kƶnigsberger E, May PT, Hefter GT (2000) Complexation of iron(III) and iron(II) by citrate. Implications for iron speciation in blood plasma. J Inorg Biochem 78:175ā184
Paradies J, Crudass J, MacKay F, Yellowlees LJ, Montgomery J, Parsons S, Ostwald I, Robertson N, Sandler PJ (2006) Photogeneration of titanium(III) from titanium(IV) citrate in aqueous solution. J Inorg Biochem 100:1260ā1264
Kaliva M, Raptopoulou CP, Terzis A, Salifoglou A (2003) Systematic studies on pH-dependent transformations of dinuclear vanadium(V)-citrate complexes in aqueous solutions. A perspective relevance to aqueous vanadium(V)-citrate speciation. J Inorg Biochem 93:161ā173
Shah JR, Patel RP (1973) Spectrophotometric studies of iron(III) complexes with carboxylic acids using an auxiliary complexing agent. J Prakt Chemie 315:983ā985
Cigala RM, Crea F, De Stefano C, Milia D, Sammartano S Scopelliti M (2013) Speciation of tin(II) in aqueous solution: thermodynamic and spectroscopic study of simple and mixed hydroxocarboxylate complexes. Monatsh Chem 144:761ā772
Sambrano JR, Zampieri M, Ferreira AG Longo E (1999) Ab initio study and NMR analysis of the complexation of citric acid with ion lithium. J Mol Structure 493:309ā318
Banta GA, Rettig SJ, Storr A, Trotter J (1985) Synthesis characterization, and structural studies of gallium citrate complexes. Can J Chem 63:2545ā2549
Zhang G, Yang G, Ma JS (2006) Versatile framework solids constructed from divalent transition metals and citric acid: synthesis, crystal structures and thermal behaviors. Cryst Growth Des 6:375ā381
Cruywagen JJ, Rohwer EA, Wessels GFS (1995) Molybdenum(VI) complex formation-8. Equilibria and thermodynamic quantities for reactions with citrate. Polyhedron 14:3481ā3493
Singh RP, Yeboah YD, Pambid ER Debayle P (1991) Stability constant of the calcium(3-) ion pair complex. J Chem Eng Data 36:52ā54
Kachhawaha MS, Bhattacharya AK (1962) Electrometric study of the system Mn(II)-citrate. Z Anorg Allg Chem 315:104ā109
Getsova MM, Todorovsky DS, Amandov MG (2000) Preparation and characterization of yttrium-titanium citrate complexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 626:1488ā1492
Nemeth A (1975) Determination of the equilibrium constants in the samarium(III)-citric acid complexes. Izotoptechnika 18:307ā313
Mujika JI, Ugalde JM, Lopez X (2012) Aluminum speciation in biological environments. The deprotonation of free and aluminum bound citrate in aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 14:12465ā12475
Salānikov, Yu I, Devyatov FV (1980) Complexing of yttrium group rare earth element ions with citric acid. Zhurn Neorg Khim 25:1216ā1222
Skorik AA, Mamynova AA, Serebrennikov VV (1969) Reaction of citric acid with rare-earth ions. Trudy Nauch Konf Tomsk Khim Obshchestva 1:59ā62
Hummel W, PuigdomĆØnech I, Rao L, Tochiyama O (2007) Thermodynamic data of compounds and complexes of U, Np, Pu and Am with selected organic ligands. R C Chemie 10:948ā958
Tokmadzhyan MA, Dobrynina NA, Martynenko LI, Alchadzhyan AA (1974) Mixed complexes of lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, and samarium with EDTA, nitrilotriacetic acid, and citric acid. Zhurn Neorg Khim 19:2888ā2889
Pyatnitskii IV, Gavrilova EF (1970) Complexing of samarium, europium, and gadolinium with citric acid in an alkali medium. Ukrain Khim Zurn 36:284ā292
Wang LY, Wu GQ, Evans DG (2007) Synthesis and characterization of layered double hydroxide containing an intercalated nickel(II) citrate complex. Materials Chem Phys 104:133ā140
Engelmann MD, Bobier RT, Hiatt T Cheng IF (2003) Variability of the Fenton reaction characteristics of the EDTA, DTPA, and citrate complexes of iron. BioMetals 16:519ā527
Abrahamson HB, Rezvani AB, Brushmiller JG (1994) Photochemical and spectroscopic studies of complexes of iron(III) with citric acid and other carboxylic acids. Inorg Chim Acta 226:117ā127
Niaki TT, Aghapoor K, Khosravi K (2004) Spectrophotometric study of citric acid with As(III) and As(V). Orient J Chem 20:43ā46
Morfin JF, TĆ³th E (2011) Kinetics of Ga(NOTA) formation weak Ga-citrate complexes. Inorg Chem 50:10371ā10378
Schubert J, Richter JW (1948) The use of ion exchangers for the determination of physical-chemical properties of substances, particularly radiotracers, in solution. II. The dissociation constants of strontium citrate and strontium tartrate. J Phys Chem 52:350ā357
Schubert J, Lindenbaum A (1950) Complexes of calcium with citric acid and tricarballylic acids measured by ion exchange. Nature 166:913ā914
Schubert J, Lindenbaum A (1952) Stability of alkaline earth ā organic acid complexes measured by ion-exchange. J Am Chem Soc 74:3529ā3532
Pyatnitskii IV, Kharchenko RS (1964) Extraction of metal citrate complexes in the presence of tributylamine. Ukrain Khim Zurn 30:311ā313
Koch H, Falkenberg WD (1967) The stability of chelate-complexes of polonium(IV). In: Dyrssen D, Liljenzen JO, Rydberg J (eds) Proceedings of International Conference, Gothenburg 1966, Solvent Extraction Chemistry, North-Holland, Amsterdam, ppĀ 26ā31
Ampelogova NI (1973) Ion exchange of the complexed polonium. Radiokhimiya 15:813ā820
Hamada YZ, Bayakly N, George D, Greer T (2008) Speciation of molybdenum(VI)-citric acid complexes in aqueous solutions. Synth React Inorg Metal-Org Nano-Metal Chem 38:664ā668
Hamada YZ, Bayakly N, Peipho A, Carlson B (2006) Accurate potentiometric studies of chromium-citrate and ferric citrate complexes in aqueous solutions at physiological and alkaline pH values. Synth React Inorg Metal-Org Nano-Metal Chem 36:469ā476
Ninh Pham A, Waite TD (2008) Oxygenation of Fe(II) in the presence of citrate in aqueous solution at pH 6.0ā8.0 at 25āĀ°C. Interpretation from an Fe(II)/citrate speciation perspective. J Phys Chem A 112:643ā651
Diez-Caballero RJB, Valentin JFA, Garcia AA, Almudi RP, Batanero PS (1985) Polarographic determination of the stability constants of binary and ternary lead(II) complexes and different organic ligands. J Electroanal Chem 196:43ā51
Tsimbler SM, Shevchenko LL, Grigorāeva VV (1969) The IR absorption spectra of the tartrate and citrate complexes of nickel, cobalt and iron. Zhurn Prikl Spektrosk 11:522ā528
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
Ā© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Apelblat, A. (2014). Dissociation Equilibria in Solutions with Citrate Ions. In: Citric Acid. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11233-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11233-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-11232-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-11233-6
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)