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Silicon Carbide Materials for Biomedical Applications

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Carbon for Sensing Devices

Abstract

There is a growing interest in using technology to provide diagnostics, therapeutics, and measured drug delivery to individuals suffering from a myriad of issues. Many of these biotechnological devices need to interact with the human body indefinitely, and it has therefore become a priority that these devices interact with the body with an increased level of biocompatibility. Biocompatibility is a complex concept which has been redefined many times due to our ever increasing knowledge of human physiology. In essence, it is defined as the ability of a device to function as it was designed while not interacting physiologically in a deleterious manner. Numerous materials have been used to fabricate biotechnological devices but, unfortunately, many have not shown the level of biocompatibility necessary to perform their intended function within an appropriate period of time. In this chapter, we detail two materials that are ideal for long-term biotechnological devices. Silicon carbide has shown superior biocompatibility through international standard based testing, both in vitro and in vivo. This material possesses excellent physical robustness, chemical resistivity, and multiple options for smart devices through its electrical, chemical and optical properties. It is also an ideal surface for which to develop graphene, another important material with superior physical, chemical and electrical properties. We briefly detail some of the biotechnology already developed and used successfully in clinical trials. At the end of the discussion, we report on research being performed on two types of implantable devices: one that will allow continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels for diabetics, and an implantable neural interface system for use in brain machine interfaces (BMI) and therapeutics for diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases.

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    C. L. Frewin, J. J. Register, M. Nezafati, S. Thomas & S. E. Saddow

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Frewin, C., Coletti, C., Register, J., Nezafati, M., Thomas, S., Saddow, S. (2015). Silicon Carbide Materials for Biomedical Applications. In: Demarchi, D., Tagliaferro, A. (eds) Carbon for Sensing Devices. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08648-4_7

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