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Studies on Okra Bast Fibre-Reinforced Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Composites

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Biomass and Bioenergy

Abstract

Bast fibres are mainly composed of lignocellulosic materials. It is extracted from the outer cell layers of the stems of different plants species. In ancient times, bast fibres were used for making various products like rope, bags, mats and coarse textile materials to mitigate daily demands. However, such trendy usages of bast fibres were decreased behind the invention of cheap synthetic fibre. Although synthetic fibres have good strength and longibility, they are causing serious environmental pollution for their nonbiodegradable nature. To achieve the ‘sustainable development’, the usages of bast fibres are explored again. Diversified use of bast fibres as reinforcements of polymer matrix composites becomes popular due to its satisfactory engineering properties. The plant kingdom has a vast source of bast fibres. Few of them are utilized for reinforcing polymer composites and many species remain unexplored. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) bast fibre has no commercial value currently. It is considered as agricultural waste product after collecting vegetable. In fact, its chemical composition is almost similar to other commercial bast fibres, such as α-cellulose (60–70 %), hemicelluloses (15–20 %), lignin (5–10 %) and pectins (3–5 %) along with trace amount of water-soluble materials. The fibre exhibited high breaking tenacity (40–60 MPa) and high breaking elongation (3–5 %). In this chapter, okra bast fibre is introduced as a reinforcement material for fabrication of phenol formaldehyde resin composites. Manufacturing techniques and effect of fibre modification on their mechanical, thermal and biodegradation properties are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh

    G. M. Arifuzzaman Khan, Md. Ahsanul Haque & Md. Shamsul Alam

Authors
  1. G. M. Arifuzzaman Khan
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  2. Md. Ahsanul Haque
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  3. Md. Shamsul Alam
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Correspondence to G. M. Arifuzzaman Khan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem

  2. Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohammad Jawaid

  3. Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    Umer Rashid

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© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Khan, G.M.A., Haque, M.A., Alam, M.S. (2014). Studies on Okra Bast Fibre-Reinforced Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Composites. In: Hakeem, K., Jawaid, M., Rashid, U. (eds) Biomass and Bioenergy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07641-6_10

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