Abstract
Odour treatment is a significant portion of the marketplace. Biofiltration is capable of biodegrading a wide variety of air contaminants. Current research and application of biofiltration has been focused on the removal of volatile organic compounds and air toxics from the industrial exhausts of chemical and other processes. Biofiltration of hydrogen sulphide has been studied extensively, because it is one of the most frequently produced odourous compounds in industrial processes such as petroleum refining, rendering, wastewater treatment, food processing and paper and pulp manufacturing. Removal of reduced sulphur (RS) compounds (either singly or as part of a mixture), and odourous volatile organic compounds, ammonia and hazardous air pollutants are presented in this chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anit S, Artuz R (2000) Biofiltration of air. Rensselaer Institute. www.rensselaer.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/MIS/biofilt/biofiltration.htm
Apel WA, Barnes JM, Barrett KB (1995) Biofiltration of nitrogen oxides from fuel combustion gas streams. In: Proceedings of 88th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association, San Antonio, TX, 18–23 June 1995
Bibeau L, Kiared K, Leroux A, Brzezinski R, Viel G, Heitz M (1997) Biological purification of exhaust air containing toluene vapor in a filter-bed reactor. Can J Chem Eng 75:921–929
De Bo I, Langenhove HV, Heyman J (2002) Removal of dimethyl sulfide from waste air in a membrane bioreactor. Desalination 148:281–287
Bohn HL (1975) Soil and compost filters for malodorant gases. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 25:953–955
Brauer H (1986) Biological purification of waste gases. Int Chem Eng 26(3):387–395
Brenna V (2000) Biofor: biofiltration of paper mill effluents. Ind Carta 38(5):59–63
Carlson DA, Leiser CP (1966) Soil bed for control of sewage odors. J Water Pollut Control Fed 38:829–833
Campbell HJ, Connor MA (1997) Practical experience with an industrial biofilter treating solvent vapor loads of varying magnitude and composition. Pure Appl Chem 69(11):2411–2424
Chan AA (2006) Attempted biofiltration of reduced sulfur compounds from a pulp and paper mill in Northern Sweden. Environ Prog 25:152–160
Cherry RS, Thompson DN (1997) Shift from growth to nutrient-limited maintenance kinetics during biofilter acclimation. Biotechnol Bioeng 56(3):330–339
Cho KS, Hirai MI, Shoda M (1991) Degradation characteristics of hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide by Hyphomicrobium DW44 isolated from peat biofilter. J Fermen Bioeng 171:384–389
Cho KS, Hirai M, Shoda M (1992) Enhanced removability of odorous sulphur-containing gases by mixed cultures of purified bacteria from peat biofilters. J Ferment Bioeng 73:219
Choi DS, Webster TS, Chankg AN, Devinny JS (1996) Quantitative structure–activity relationships for biofiltration of volatile organic compounds. In: Reynolds Jr FE (ed) Proceedings of 1996 conference on biofiltration. The Reynolds Group, Tustin, pp 231–238
Christen P, Domenech F, Michelena G, Auria R, Revah S (2002) Biofiltration of volatile ethanol using sugar cane bagasse inoculated with Candida utilis. J Hazard Mater 89:253–265
Chung YC (2007) Evaluation of gas removal and bacterial community diversity in a biofilter developed to treat composting exhaust gases. J Hazard Mater 144:377–385
Chung YC, Cheng CY, Chen TY, Hsu JS, Kui CC (2010) Structure of the bacterial community in a biofilter during dimethyl sulfide (DMS) removal processes. Bioresour Technol 101:7176–7179
Cloirec PL, Humeau P, Ramirez-Lopez EM (2001) Biotreatments of odours and performances of a biofilter and a bioscrubber. Water Sci Tech 44(9):219–226
Cook LL, Gostomski PA, Apel WA (1999) Biofiltration of asphalt emissions: full-scale operation treating off-gases from polymer-modified asphalt production. Environ Prog 18:178
Darracq G, Couvert A, Couriol C, Amrane A, Cloriec PL (2010) Kinetics of toluene and sulfur compounds removal by means of an integrated process involving the coupling of absorption and biodegradation. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 85:1156–1161
Degorce-Dumas JR, Kowal S, Le Cloirec P (1997) Microbiological oxidation of hydrogen sulphide in a biofilter. Can J Microbiol 43:264
Deshusses MA (1997) Biological waste air treatment in biofilters. Curr Opin Biotechnol 8:335–339
Delhomenie MC, Heitz M (2005) Biofiltration of air: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 25:53–72
Deshusses MA, Hamer G, Dunn IJ (1995) Behavior of biofilters for waste air biotreatment. I: dynamic model development. Envir Sci Technol 29(4):1048–1058
Deshusses MA, Johnson CT, Hohenstein GA, Leson G (1997) Treating high loads of ethyl acetate and toluene in a biofilter. In: Proceedings of the Air & Waste Management Association 90th annual meeting and exhibition, 8–13 June 1997, Toronto, Canada, p 13
Furusawa N, Togashi I, Hirai M, Shoda M, Kubota H (1984) Removal of hydrogen sulfide by a biofilter with fibrous peat. J Ferment Technol 62(6):589–594
Gabriel D, Deshusses MA (2003) Retrofitting existing chemical scrubbers to biotrickling filters for H2S emission control. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:6308
Giri BS, Pandey RA (2013) Biological treatment of gaseous emissions containing dimethyl sulphide generated from pulp and paper industry. Bioresour Technol 142:420–427
Giri BS, Mudliar SN, Deshmukh SC, Banerjee S, Pandey RA (2010) Treatment of waste gas containing low concentration of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) in a bench-scale biofilter. Biores Tech 101:2185–2190
Goncalves JJ, Govind R (2010) Enhanced biofiltration using cell attachment promotors. Environ Sci Technol 43(4):1049–1054
Goodwin JP, Amenta SA, Delo RC, Del Vecchio M, Pinnette JR, Pytlar TS (2000) Odor control advances at cocomposting facility. Biocycle 41:68
Govind R, Melarkode R (1998) Pilot-scale test of the biotreatment of odors from ZimproTM sludge conditioning process, Report submitted to sanitation District No. 1, Fort Wright, KY, by PRD TECH, Inc., Florence, KY
Govind R, Fang J, Melarkode R (1998) Biotrickling filter pilot study for ethanol emissions control, a report prepared for the food manufacturing coalition for innovation and technology transfer, by PRD TECH, Inc., Florence, KY
Hirai M, Ohtake M, Soda M (1990) Removal of kinetics of hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide by peat biofilters. J Ferment Bioeng 70:334–339
Hirai M, Terasawa M, Inamura I, Fujie K, Shoda M, Kubota H (1988) Biological removal of organosulfur compounds using peat biofilter. J Odor Res Eng 19:305–312
Hodge DS, Devinny JS (1994) Biofilter treatment of ethanol vapors. Environ Progr 13(3):167–173
Hort C, Gracy S, Platel V, Moynault L (2009) Evaluation of sewage sludge and yard waste compost as a biofilter media for the removal of ammonia and volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs). Chem Eng J 152:44–53
Hwang Y, Matsuo T, Hanaki K, Suzuki N (1995) Identification and quantification of sulfur and nitrogen containing odorous compounds in waste water. Water Res 29(2):711–718
Kasakura T, Tatsukawa K (1995) On the scent of a good idea for odour removal. Water Qual Int 2:24
Kirchner K, Hauk G, Rehm HJ (1987) Exhaust gas purification using immobilized monocultures (biocatalyst). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 26:579–587
Kosteltz AM, Finkelstein A, Sears G (1996) What are the ‘real opportunities’ in biological gas cleaning for North America? In: Proceedings of the 89th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of Air and Waste Management Association, A and WMA, Pittsburgh, PA; 96-RA87B.02
Lau S, Groody K, Chan A (2006) Control of reduced sulphur and VOC emissions via biofiltration. Pulp Pap Can 107(12):57–63
Leson G, Winer AM (1991) Biofiltration: an innovative air pollution control technology for VOC emissions. J Air Manag Assoc 41:1045–1054
Lee S-K, Shoda M (1989) Biological deodorization using activated carbon fabric as a carrier of microorganisms. J Ferment Bioeng 68(6):437–442
Luo J, van Oostrom A (1997) Biofilters for controlling animal rendering odor—a pilot-scale study. Pure Appl Chem 69(11):2403–2410
Luvsanjamba M, Sercu B, Peteghem JV, Langenhove HV (2008) Long-term operation of a thermophilic biotrickling filter for removal of dimethyl sulfide. Chem Eng J 142:248–255
Maestre JP, Gamisans X, Gabriel D, Lafuente J (2007) Fungal biofilters for toluene biofiltration: evaluation of the performance with four packing materials under different operating conditions. Chemosphere 67:684–692
Mohseni M, Grant AD (1997) Biofiltration of α-pinene and its application to the treatment of pulp and paper air emissions. Tappi Environ Conf Exhib 2:587–592
Ottengraf SPP (1986) Exhaust gas purification. In: Schonborn W (vol ed), Rehm H-J, Reed G (series eds) Biotechnology (microbial degradations), vol 8, VCH, Weinheim, Chap. 12, 425–452
Ottengraf SPP (1987) Biological system for waste gas elimination. Trends Biotechnol 5:132–136
Ottengraf SPP, Van Denoever AHC (1983) Kinetics of organic compound removal from waste gases with a biological filter. Biotechnol Bioeng 25:3089–3102
Ottengraf SPP, Meesters JPP, van den Oever AHC, Rozema HR (1986) Biological elimination of volatile xenobiotic compounds in biofilters. Bioprocess Eng 1:61–69
Park SJ, Hirai M, Shoda M (1993) Treatment of exhaust gases from a night soil treatment plant by a combined deodorization system of activated carbon fabric reactor and peat biofilter inoculated with Thiobacillus thioparus DW44. J Ferment Bioeng 76:423
Pomeroy D (1982) Biological treatment of odorous air. J Water Pollut Control Fed 54:1541–1545
Prokop WH, Bohn HL (1985) Soil bed systems for control of rendering plant odors. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 35:1332–1338
Qiao S, Fu L, Chi Y, Yan N (2008) Removal characteristics of hydrogen sulfide in biofilters with fibrous peat and resin. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on bioinformatics and biomedical engineering, 2008. ICBBE 2008, pp 39963–39999
Ruokojärvi A, Ruuskanen J, Martikainen PJ, Olkkonen M (2001) Oxidation of gas mixtures containing dimethyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, and methanethiol using a two-stage biotrickling filter. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 51:11
Sercu B, Núñez D, Aroca G, Boon N, Verstraete W (2005a) Inoculation and start-up of a biotricking filter removing dimethyl sulfide. Chem Eng J 113:127–134
Sercu B, Núñez D, Van Langenhove H, Aroca G, Verstraete W (2005b) Operational and microbiological aspects of a two-stage biotrickling filter removing hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl sulfide. Biotechnol Bioeng 90:259
Sercu B, Peixoto J, Demeestere K, van Helst T, van Langenhove H (2006) Odors treatment: biological technologies. In: Nicolay X (ed) Odors in the food industry. Springer, Berlin, pp 125–158
Shareefdeen Z, Baltzis BC (1994) Biofiltration of toluene vapor under steady-state and transient conditions-theory and experimental results. Chem Eng Sci 49:4347–4360
Shareefdeen Z, Herner B, Singh A (2005) Biotechnology for air pollution control—an overview. In: Shareefdeen Z, Singh A (eds) Biotechnology for odor and air pollution control. Springer, Berlin
Shareefdeen Z, Baltzis BC, Oh YS, Bartha R (1993) Biofiltration of methanol vapor. Biotechnol Bioeng 41:512–524
Shimko IG, Spasov VA, Chinennaya SK, Zakirova RI, Tananina IN, Perchugor GY, Pavlova OI (1988) Biochemical methods of freeing gas–air mixture from sulfur containing compounds. Fiber Chem 19:373–378
Smet E, Van Langenhove H, Verstraete W (1996) Long-term stability of a biofilter treating dimethyl sulphide. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 46:191
Stewart WC, Thom RC (1997) High VOC loading in biofilters industrial applications. In: Emerging solutions VOC air toxics control: proceedings of a specialty conference sponsored by the Air & Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, PA, pp 38–65
Tang HM, Hwang SJ, Hwang SC (1995) Dynamics of toluene degradation in biofilters. Hazard Waste Hazard Mater 12:207–219
Thorsvold BR (2011) Biological odor control systems: a review of current and emerging technologies and their applicability. nfo.ncsafewater.org/shareddocuments/websitedocuments/annualconference/AC2011Papers/WW_T.pm_03.45_Thorsvold.pdf. Accessed 20 March 2014
Tonga AP, Skladany GJ (1994) Field pilot-scale vapor-phase treatment of styrene using biofiltration. In: Flathman PE, Jerger DE, Exner JH (eds) Bioremediation: field experience. Lewis, Ann Arbor, pp 507–521
Van Langenhove H, Wuyts E, Schamp N (1986) Elimination of hydrogen sulfide from odorous air by a wood bark biofilter. Water Res 20:1471–1476
Van Langenhove H, Bendinger B, Oberthür R, Schamp W (1992) Organic sulfur compounds: persistant odourants in the biological treatment of complex waste gases. In: Dragt AJ, van Dam J (eds) Biotechniques for air pollution abatement and odour control policies. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 309–313
Wada A, Shoda M, Kubota H, Kobayashi T, Katayama FY, Kuraishi H (1986) Characteristics of H2S oxidizing bacteria inhabiting a peat biofilter. J Ferment Technol 64:161–167
Wani AH, Lau AK, Branion RMR (1999) Biofiltration control of pulping odors—hydrogen sulfide: performance, macrokinetics and coexistence effects of organo-sulfur species. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 74:9
Wani AH, Branion RMR, Lau AK (2001) Biofiltration using compost and hog fuel as a means of removing reduced sulphur gases from air emissions. Pulp Paper Can 102(5):27–32
Wei Z, Liu X, Ma C, He J, Huang Q (2013) Gas dimethyl sulfide removal in biotrickling filtration. Open Access Sci Rep 2:702 doi:10.4172/scientificreports.702
Wu L, Loo YY, Koe LCC (2001) A pilot study of a biotricking filter for the treatment of odorous sewage air. Water Sci Technol 44:295
Yang Y, Allen ER (1994a) Biofiltration control of hydrogen sulfide 1. Design and operational parameters. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 44:863–868
Yang Y, Allen ER (1994b) Biofiltration control of hydrogen sulfide 2. Kinetics, biofilter performance, and maintenance. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 44:1315
Yudelson JM (1996) The future of the U.S. biofiltration industry. In Reynolds FE (ed) Proceedings of the 1996 conference on biofiltration (an air pollution control technology). The Reynolds Group, Tustin, p 1
Zhang L, Hirai M, Shoda M (1991) Removal characteristics of dimethyl sulfide, methanethiol and hydrogen sulfide by Hyphomicrobium sp. I55 isolated from peat biofilter. J Ferment Bioeng 72:392
Zhang Y, Liss SN, Allen DG (2007a) Enhancing and modeling the biofiltration of dimethyl sulfide under dynamic methanol addition. Chem Eng Sci 62:2474–2481
Zhang Y, Liss SN, Allen DG (2007b) Effects of methanol on pH and stability of inorganic biofilters treating dimethyl sulfide. Environ Sci Technol 41:3752–3757
Zhang YF, Liss SN, Allen DG (2006) The effects of methanol on the biofiltration of dimethyl sulfide in inorganic biofilters. Biotechnol Bioeng 95:734–743
Zhang YF, Allen DG, Liss SN (2008) Modeling the biofiltration of dimethyl sulfide in the presence of methanol in inorganic biofilters at steady state. Biotechnol Prog 24:845–851
Zwart JMM, Kuenen JG (1997) Aerobic conversion of dimethyl sulfide and hydrogen sulfide by Methylophaga sulfidovorans: implications for modeling DMS conversion in a microbial mat. FEMS Microbiol Eco 22:155–165
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bajpai, P. (2014). Removal of Odours. In: Biological Odour Treatment. SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07539-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07539-6_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-07538-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-07539-6
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)