Abstract
Corporate criminal liability is on the rise worldwide: More and more criminal justice systems now include criminal sanctions against legal entities; other jurisdictions contemplate to introduce new legal provisions on this matter. The regulatory approaches taken are manifold—even in otherwise similar criminal justice systems. Therefore, many lessons can be learned by providing an international and comparative, topical outlook on the different paths and their implications to criminal justice, to the regulation of the corporate world, and to the economy in general. In this volume, specific emphasis is put on procedural questions relating to corporate criminal liability, on alternative sanctions such as blacklisting of corporations, on common corporate crimes and on questions of transnational and international criminal justice.
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Notes
- 1.
- 2.
See also the criminal policy analysis by Vogel, in this volume, pp. 337ff.
- 3.
See also Ishii, in this volume, pp. 237ff.
- 4.
See also Laufer, in this volume, pp. 19ff.
- 5.
For example, the United Nations have addressed this matter of liability of legal entities in the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (Art. 5), in the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Art. 10) and, more interestingly, in the Convention against Corruption (Art. 26); for measures in the framework of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), just see their Anti-Bribery Convention and the Recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).
- 6.
For the Council of Europe, just see recommendations R. (77) 28, R. (81) 12, R. (82) 15 e R. (88) 18; for the European Union, the Second Protocol of the Convention on the protection of the European Communities’ financial interests from 1997 may be seen as the starting point for its efforts to introduce and shape corporate liability. On European regulations on corporate criminal liability in general cf. Engelhart (2012); and also the overview by Engelhart, in this volume, pp. 53ff.
- 7.
See Campbell and Göritz (2013).
- 8.
On the procedural implications of compliance programs as a mitigating factor see Gimeno Beviá, in this volume, pp. 227ff.
- 9.
See Tyler and Mentovich (2011); Mentovich and Cerf, in this volume, pp. 33ff.
- 10.
See Bernau, in this volume, pp. 47ff.
- 11.
See also Richter, in this volume, pp. 321ff., on the relation between individual and corporate criminal liability in the new German Ringfencing Act.
- 12.
Just see the overview by Engelhart, in this volume, pp. 53ff.
- 13.
See Tiedemann, in this volume, pp. 11ff.
- 14.
De Bock, in this volume, pp. 87ff.; Cravetto and Zanalda, in this volume, pp. 109ff.; Lehner, in this volume, pp. 79ff.; Salvina Valenzano, in this volume, pp. 95ff.
- 15.
See Aiolfi, in this volume, pp. 125ff.
- 16.
See Saad-Diniz, in this volume, pp. 135ff.
- 17.
See Blachnio-Parzych, in this volume, pp. 145ff.; Blumenberg, in this volume, pp. 159ff.
- 18.
See Van Damme and Vermeulen, in this volume, pp. 171ff.
- 19.
See De Bondt, in this volume, pp. 297ff.; Aydin, in this volume, pp. 311ff.
- 20.
See Gimeno Beviá, in this volume, pp. 227ff.
- 21.
See Neira Pena, in this volume, pp. 197ff.
- 22.
See Brodowski, in this volume, pp. 211ff.; see also Neira Pena, in this volume, pp. 197ff.
- 23.
See Schneider, in this volume, pp. 249ff.
- 24.
On ne bis in idem in the context of the European Union see Tzouma, in this volume, pp. 261ff.
- 25.
See Ishii, in this volume, pp. 237ff.
- 26.
See Hellmann, in this volume, pp. 273ff.; Verrydt, in this volume, pp. 281ff.
- 27.
Just see Tiedemann, in this volume, pp. 11ff.; Vogel, in this volume, pp. 337ff.
- 28.
See also Vogel, in this volume, pp. 337ff.
- 29.
The diverseness of the issues addressed by our international and interdisciplinary group of authors has led to certain differences in style in their contributions. This we did not seek to inhibit, but to strengthen, as we consider diverseness in legal reasoning to be rather a tool than an obstacle.
- 30.
http://www.penal.org/ (12.2.2014).
- 31.
http://www.aidp-germany.de/ (12.2.2014).
- 32.
http://www.uni-muenchen.de/ (12.2.2014).
- 33.
Lamberigts, in this volume, pp. 345ff.
- 34.
See Lamberigts, in this volume, p. 359f.
References
Campbell JL, Göritz AS (2013) I bribe therefore I am! Corruption as a matter of organizational culture. Oral presentation for the Third AIDP symposium for Young Penalists on corporate criminal liability, Munich
Engelhart M (2012) Unternehmensstrafbarkeit im europäischen und internationalen Recht. eucrim 3:110–123
Tiedemann K (2013) Wirtschaftsstrafrecht: Einführung und Allgemeiner Teil. Vahlen, Munich, pp 161–170
Tyler TR, Mentovich A (2011) Punishing collective entities. J Law Policy 19:203–230
Vogel J (2012) Unrecht und Schuld in einem Unternehmensstrafrecht. Strafverteidiger 32:427–432
Acknowledgments
We thank Roxin Alliance for their generous donation which made the symposium and this volume possible, and the moderators—Prof. Dr. William S. Laufer, Prof. Dr. Holger Matt, Prof. Dr. Helmut Satzger, Alexander Schemmel and Prof. Dr. Petra Wittig—for shaping the symposium, and Dr. Klaus Moosmayer for his valuable contributions from a practitioner’s perspective. We are grateful to Franziska Kahlbau, Hannah-Sophie Aures, Christiane Junken, Benedikt Linder and, last but not least, Anke Seyfried and Dhivya Geno Savariraj for their support in furtherance of the symposium and the volume.
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Brodowski, D., de los Monteros de la Parra, M.E., Tiedemann, K. (2014). Regulating Corporate Criminal Liability: An Introduction. In: Brodowski, D., Espinoza de los Monteros de la Parra, M., Tiedemann, K., Vogel, J. (eds) Regulating Corporate Criminal Liability. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05993-8_1
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