Introduction

Abstract

Georgia (Sakartvelo), located in the central and western part of the southern Caucasus, has an area of about 69,700 km² formed by mountain ranges. More than 81.3 % of its territory is located above 400 m, and 55 % above 1000 m. Since its birth, Georgia has gone through a succession of invasions and empires, but the political history of Georgian statehood started in the sixth to fourth centuries BC. The traditional form of government was monarchy. At the end of the twelfth century, during the reign of Queen Tamar, an attempt was made to create a representative body, but it failed and was not repeated. During her reign, Georgia reached its greatest success. The country became a leading political force in the region and its influence extended far beyond the Caucasus. This period of Georgian history is considered the “golden age.” Having experienced a series of changes, the Georgian statehood was restored in 1991. Now the country is a functioning democracy and is on the move to find a place of its own in the community of nations. It is endowed with large rivers, lakes, natural resources, and gorgeous landscapes. Due to its geographical position, Georgia is a historic crossroads where civilizations and cultures intersect, as reflected in the Georgian culture. It is developing its political institutions, economy, infrastructure, and educational institutions. A major problem facing Georgia is its declining population. This chapter provides a snapshot of Georgia’s history and the changes that have occurred over the centuries.