Abstract
The EU-Cariforum EPA has a chapter dedicated to Regulatory Framework issues. This signifies the importance both parties attach to this. The chapter has provisions of general application (such as those related to mutual recognition, transparency and process) and sector-specific regulatory disciplines (Computer, Courier, Telecommunications, Financial, International Maritime Transport, and Tourism).
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Notes
- 1.
Chapter 5, EPA.
- 2.
Article 64: (2) of the EU-Cariforum EPA, ibid, at p. 21.
- 3.
Article 85, EPA.
- 4.
Article 85: (2), EPA.
- 5.
Article 85: (3), EPA.
- 6.
Article 85: (4), EPA.
- 7.
Article 85: (5), EPA.
- 8.
Article 86, EPA.
- 9.
Article 87: (1), EPA.
- 10.
Article 87: (2), EPA.
- 11.
Paragraph 4, Annex IV: C, EPA, at p. 1687.
- 12.
Which in our view is problematic as it could be interpreted to mean that all EPA commitments are subject to a domicile (which can easily slip into a residency) requirement. This would not only be GATS minus in several cases, but would also kill the spirit of the intended international nature of such Agreements.
- 13.
Paragraph 4, Annex IV: C, EPA, at p. 1687.
- 14.
Paragraph 7, Annex IV: C, EPA. at p. 1687.
- 15.
Article 111, EPA.
- 16.
Article 112, EPA.
- 17.
Article 115, EPA.
- 18.
Article 116, EPA.
- 19.
Ibid.
- 20.
Ibid.
- 21.
Article 118, EPA.
- 22.
Article 20: (2), EAC Common Market Protocol.
- 23.
Article 19: (2), Ibid.
- 24.
Article 19: (4), Ibid.
- 25.
Article 19: (5), Ibid.
- 26.
Article 19: (6), Ibid.
- 27.
Article 10: (7), Ibid.
- 28.
Article 10: (9), Ibid.
- 29.
Article 10: (11), Ibid.
- 30.
Article 10: (12), Ibid.
- 31.
Regulation 4, EAC Common Market (Free Movement of Workers) Regulations, specified in Annex II to the Protocol.
- 32.
Regulation 5: (2) (a–c), Ibid.
- 33.
Regulation 5: (4), Ibid.
- 34.
Regulation 5: (6), Ibid.
- 35.
Regulation 6: (1), Ibid.
- 36.
Regulation 6: (3), Ibid.
- 37.
Regulation 6: (7), Ibid.
- 38.
Regulation 6: (8, 9), Ibid.
- 39.
Regulation 6: (11), Ibid.
- 40.
Regulation 6: (12), EAC Common Market (Free Movement of Workers) Regulations, specified in Annex II to the Protocol.
- 41.
Regulation 7, Ibid.
- 42.
Regulation 8, Ibid.
- 43.
Regulation 12: (1), Ibid.
- 44.
Regulation 12: (2–3), Ibid.
- 45.
Regulation 14, Ibid.
- 46.
Regulation 13, Ibid.
- 47.
Article 11: (1) (a), EAC Common Market Protocol.
- 48.
Article 11: (19 (b), Ibid.
- 49.
WTO Document S/WPDR/W/45 of 14 April 2011, at p. 12.
- 50.
Ibid, at p. 13.
- 51.
Ibid, at p. 10.
- 52.
Ibid, at p. 11.
- 53.
On line available; http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/serv_e/dom_reg_negs_e.htm. Accessed on 15 February 2012.
- 54.
See for example Paragraph 2 on multiple alternatives to the purpose of the disciplines. WTO Document S/WPDR/W/45 of 14 April 2011, at p. 7. Also see Paragraph 11 bis, WTO Document S/WPDR/W/45 of 14 April 2011, at p. 18.
- 55.
Paragraph 3, Chairman’s text agreed to ad-ref in WTO Document S/WPDR/W/45 of 14 April 2011, at p. 8.
- 56.
Paragraph 11, single alternative text, in WTO Document S/WPDR/W/45 of 14 April 2011, at p. 17.
- 57.
WTO Document S/WPDR/W/45 of 14 April 2011, at p. 27.
- 58.
Ibid, at p. 2.
- 59.
South Centre (2008), supra.
- 60.
Ibid.
- 61.
Letter from Representatives F. James Sensenbrenner (R-Wis.) and John Conyers, Jr. (D-Mich.) to U.S. Trade Representative Rob Portman, dated May 19, 2005. As quoted in as quoted in Wallach and Tucker (2006) “Debunking the Myth of Mode 4 and the U.S. H-1B Visa Program” Global Trade Watch. On line available; http://www.citizen.org/documents/Mode_Four_H1B_Visa_Memo.pdf.
- 62.
Ibid.
- 63.
Panizzon (2010), supra.
- 64.
Washington Trade Daily (2012), supra.
- 65.
World Economic Forum (2012).
References
Panizzon, M. (2010). Trade and labor mobility; GATS Mode 4 and migration agreements. Online available: http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/global/06955.pdf Accessed 16.2.2012.
South Centre. (2008, January). Liberalization of trade in health services: Balancing Mode 4 interests with obligations to provide universal access to basic services (p. 30). Online available: http://www.southcentre.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=599%3Aliberalization-of-trade-in-health-services-balancing-mode-4-interests-with-obligations-to-provide-universal-access-to-basic-services&lang=en.
Wallach, L., & Tucker, T. (2006). Debunking the myth of Mode 4 and the U.S. H-1B visa program. Global Trade Watch. Online available: http://www.citizen.org/documents/Mode_Four_H1B_Visa_Memo.pdf.
Washington Trade Daily. (2012). More on services. Online available: http://www.ecipe.org/media/media_hit_pdfs/ecipe-esf-seminar-in-brussels.pdf.
World Economic Forum. (2012). World economic forum at Davos: India to oppose pluriltateral agreement. Online available: http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-01-26/news/30666861_1_wto-global-trade-talks-plurilateral.
Legal Instruments
EU-CARIFORUM Economic Partnership Agreement.
EAC Common Market Protocol. Online available: http://www.eac.int/advisory-opinions/cat_view/68-eac-common-market.html Accessed 5.2.2012.
WTO Documents
S/WPDR/W/45.
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Kategekwa, J. (2014). Managing Mode 4 Commitments. In: Opening Markets for Foreign Skills: How Can the WTO Help?. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03548-2_10
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