Skip to main content

Consciousness of the Cosmos: A Thought Experiment Through Philosophy and Science Fiction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Phenomenology of Space and Time

Part of the book series: Analecta Husserliana ((ANHU,volume 117))

Abstract

I will use both philosophical and Science Fiction thought experiments as they help me to investigate the notion of “consciousness” in relation to the search for an absolute truth and/or good in the world, the doubt of an external world and of phenomena. General questions like, what is being conscious, what is being in the world, or better, what is being conscious in the world, will be narrowed down to the concept of self-consciousness. The awakening through such consciousness will take us to the concept of “absurdity” which I believe will pave the way to the understanding of our “consciousness of the cosmos.” What is the relationship of consciousness with our experiences of the external world? Does our existence make any difference in the universe? If our existence is not necessary for the existence of the world, if the cosmos is indifferent to our existence, is our existence just absurd as Sartre, Camus and Nagel have suggested through different insights? I will investigate these questions through the demonstration of thought experiments coming from both philosophy and science fiction and elaborate on the absurdity of our existence within the cosmos, whether it is our own inner experience regardless of the cosmos or is it the result of our embracement of the cosmos with a specific kind of consciousness. This will inevitably place the wondering about the meaning of life at the core of this investigation. I will conclude that, the absurdity of our existence in the cosmos which arises from the clash between the view from the inside and the view from the outside could be resolved with the embracement of the cosmos with a specific kind of consciousness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Aristotle, Metaphysics, in Aristotle’s Collection, trans. Frederick G. Kenyon (Kindle Edition), loc.13432.

  2. 2.

    Farah Mendlesohn. “Introduction: reading science fiction” in The Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction ed. Edward James and Farah Mendleson (Cambridge University Press, Kindle edition, 2003), p. 3. Farah Mendlesohn is Senior Lecturer in American Studies at Middlesex University and she was the Chair of Science Fiction Foundation in 2003.

  3. 3.

    Plato, The Republic, trans. Desmond Lee (London: Penguin Books, 1987), 515e, p. 257.

  4. 4.

    Ibid., 517a, p. 259.

  5. 5.

    Descartes, “Mediations on First Philosophy” in Key Philosophical Writings, trans. Elizabeth S. Haddane and G.R.T. Ross, ed. Enrique Chaves-Arviso (London: Wordsworth Editions Limited, 1997), p. 138.

  6. 6.

    Ibid., p. 136.

  7. 7.

    David J. Chalmers, “The Matrix as Metaphysics” in Science Fiction and Philosophy From Time Travel to Superintelligence, ed. Susan Schneider (Blackwell Publishing, Kindle Edition, 2009), p. 36.

  8. 8.

    Ibid., p. 36.

  9. 9.

    Ibid., p. 42.

  10. 10.

    Albert Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus, trans. Justin O’Brien (London: Penguin Books, 2005), p. 18.

  11. 11.

    Quoted from Lenn Goodman’s Avicenna. Lenn Goodman, Avicenna (Florance: Routledge, 1992), p. 155.

  12. 12.

    Ibid., p. 155.

  13. 13.

    Descartes, op.cit., p. 181.

  14. 14.

    Daniel C. Dennett, Consciousness Explained (Penguin Science, Kindle Edition, 1993), p. 3.

  15. 15.

    John Pollock, “Brain in a Vat” in Science Fiction and Philosophy From Time Travel to Superintelligence, ed. Susan Schneider (Blackwell Publishing, Kindle Edition, 2009), pp. 17–19.

  16. 16.

    Greg Egan, Schild’s Ladder (Kindle Edition, 2010), p. 181.

  17. 17.

    Morphogenesis can be a long process if the basic DNA code used is the one the mind was born with or a three hours process if any other DNA code or even a perused body is used.

  18. 18.

    Greg Egan. op.cit., see pp. 23, 260, 277.

  19. 19.

    Ibid., p. 251.

  20. 20.

    Daniel C. Dennett, “Where am I?” in The Mind’s I: Fantasies and Reflections on Self and Soul, ed. Daniel C. Dennett and Douglas R. Hofstadter (New York: Basic Books, 2000), p. 220.

  21. 21.

    Aristotle, The Nicomachean Ethics, trans. Harris Rackham, (Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions Limited, 1996), 1170a, p. 248.

  22. 22.

    Antonia Damasio, Self Comes to Mind, (London: William Heinemann, Kindle Edition), p. 4.

  23. 23.

    John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (John Locke Book Collection: Kindle Edition) Book 2, Chapter 27, sec. 8, location 5405.

  24. 24.

    Ibid., Book 2, Chapter 27, sec. 9, location 5441.

  25. 25.

    Ibid., Book 2, Chapter 27, sec. 9, location 5446.

  26. 26.

    Greg Egan. op.cit., p. 47.

  27. 27.

    John Locke, op.cit., Book 2, Chapter 27, sec.10, location 5467.

  28. 28.

    Ibid., Book 2, Chapter 27, sec.17, location 5548.

  29. 29.

    Ibid., Book 2, Chapter 27, sec.25, location 5629.

  30. 30.

    Antonio Damasio, Descartes’ Error (New York: Penguin Books, 1994), p. 224.

  31. 31.

    John Locke, op.cit., Book 2, Chapter 27, sec.27, location 5663.

  32. 32.

    Damasio, op.cit., p. 225.

  33. 33.

    Ibid., p. 226.

  34. 34.

    Ibid., p. 226.

  35. 35.

    Greg Egan. op.cit., p. 40.

  36. 36.

    Terence Penelhum, “Personal Identity” in Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd Edition, Donald M. Borchert, Editor in Chief, Vol 7. pp. 214–215.

  37. 37.

    Greg Egan. op.cit., p. 22.

  38. 38.

    Albert Camus, op.cit., p.29.

  39. 39.

    Greg Egan. op.cit., p. 97.

  40. 40.

    Albert Camus, op.cit., p. 64.

  41. 41.

    Ibid., p. 14.

  42. 42.

    Ludwig Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, trans. D.F Pears and B.F. McGuinness (London: Routlege Classics, 2005), # 6.4311.

  43. 43.

    Bernard Williams, Problems of the Self (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 82.

  44. 44.

    After all, Camus defines the absurd man as one who ‘does nothing for the eternal’; with the awareness of his limits and his limited freedom Camus’ absurd man sees the “burning and frigid, transparent and limited universe.” Albert Camus. The Myth of Sisyphus, trans. Justin O’Brien (London: Penguin Books, 2005), pp. 58.

  45. 45.

    Thomas Nagel, Mortal Questions (Cambridge University Press, Kindle Edition, 1979), p. 1.

  46. 46.

    Ibid., p. 12.

  47. 47.

    Ibid., p. 11.

  48. 48.

    Ibid., p. 11.

  49. 49.

    Ibid., p. 23.

  50. 50.

    Ibid., p. 15.

  51. 51.

    Albert Camus, op.cit., p. 26.

  52. 52.

    Thomas Nagel, op.cit., p. 17.

  53. 53.

    Antonio Damasio, Self Comes to Mind, p. 10.

  54. 54.

    Ibid., p. 14.

  55. 55.

    Ludwig Wittgenstein, Notebooks 1914–1916, trans. and ed. G.E.M. Anscombe (Oxford: Blackwell, 1984), p. 83.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sibel Oktar Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Oktar, S. (2014). Consciousness of the Cosmos: A Thought Experiment Through Philosophy and Science Fiction. In: Tymieniecka, AT. (eds) Phenomenology of Space and Time. Analecta Husserliana, vol 117. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02039-6_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics