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The Sergipano Belt

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São Francisco Craton, Eastern Brazil

Part of the book series: Regional Geology Reviews ((RGR))

Abstract

The Neoproterozoic Sergipano is the main orogenic belt between the Borborema province in the north and the São Francisco craton in the south. The belt is divisible from north to south into the Canindé, Poço Redondo-Marancó, Macururé, Vaza Barris, and Estância lithostratigraphic domains; the first three are composed of plutonic, volcanic and sedimentary rocks, and the last three of sedimentary rocks. Field relationships combined with zircon geochronology of igneous and sedimentary rocks and whole-rock elemental and isotopic data allow us to propose the following evolution for the Sergipano belt. An early Neoproterozoic (~980–960 Ma) continental arc (Poço Redondo tonalitic gneisses) developed on the margin of the Paleoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic Pernambuco-Alagoas block in the north. Extension of this continental block gave rise to: (i) A-type crustal melt granites and associated sedimentary rocks on the stretched, rifted margin of the Poço Redondo-Marancó domain; (ii) the Canindé rift sequence between the Pernambuco-Alagoas block and the Poço Redondo/Marancó domain; (iii) a passive margin on the southern boundary of the Pernambuco-Alagoas block, upon which sediments were deposited soon after 900 Ma; and (iv) a second sedimentary shelf on the passive margin of the São Francisco craton. In the Canindé domain, rifting continued until ca. 640 Ma and led to emplacement of a bimodal association of A-type granites (715 Ma) and continental mafic volcanic rocks, a continental-type layered gabbroic complex (ca. 700 Ma), magma-mingled gabbro/quartz–monzodiorite (688 Ma), and rapakivi granites (684 and 641 Ma). Deformed pillow basalts and interleaved marble lenses are likely ocean floor relicts in the Canindé domain. Closure of the Canindé oceanic basin began at ca. 630 Ma with the intrusion of arc-type granitic plutons in the Macururé (628–625 Ma), Canindé (ca. 621 Ma) and Poço Redondo-Marancó (ca. 625 Ma) domains. Convergence of the Pernambuco-Alagoas block and the São Francisco craton led to deformation on the passive margins and granite emplacement (590–570 Ma) mainly in the Macururé domain. Exhumation of the Pernambuco-Alagoas block and the Canindé, Poço Redondo-Marancó, and Macururé domains in the north led to deposition of uppermost clastic sediments in the Estância and Vaza Barris domains in the south, interpreted as a foreland basin, and to final thrusting of the continental margin sedimentary rocks onto the São Francisco craton.

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Acknowledgments

The São Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP, Grant # 2002/03085-2) and the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq, Grant # 305658/2015-8) provided research grants to EPO. This chapter is dedicated to all geologists who spent years of their professional life studying the Sergipano Belt, especially Gilles Allard, Fred Humphrey, Marinho Silva Filho, Ian Davison, Reginaldo Santos, and Luiz D´El-Rey Silva.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology and Natural Resources, Institute of Gesciences, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6152, Campinas, 13.083-970, Brazil

    Elson P. Oliveira, Juliana F. Bueno & Marcelo J. Carvalho

  2. Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK

    Brian F. Windley

  3. John de Laeter Centre of Mass Spectrometry, School of Applied Physics, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia

    Neal J. McNaughton

  4. Faculty of Geology, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, 66.075-110, Brazil

    Rosemery S. Nascimento

  5. CENPES, Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-598, Brazil

    Mario N. C. Araújo

Authors
  1. Elson P. Oliveira
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  2. Brian F. Windley
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  3. Neal J. McNaughton
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  4. Juliana F. Bueno
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  5. Rosemery S. Nascimento
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  6. Marcelo J. Carvalho
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  7. Mario N. C. Araújo
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Correspondence to Elson P. Oliveira .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Monica Heilbron

  2. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Maracana, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Umberto G. Cordani

  3. Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil

    Fernando F. Alkmim

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Oliveira, E.P. et al. (2017). The Sergipano Belt. In: Heilbron, M., Cordani, U., Alkmim, F. (eds) São Francisco Craton, Eastern Brazil. Regional Geology Reviews. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01715-0_13

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