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Extracranial Segments of the Vertebral Artery: Insight in the Developmental Changes up to the 21st Year of Life

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Pediatric Craniovertebral Junction Diseases

Part of the book series: Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery ((NEUROSURGERY,volume 40))

Abstract

The vertebral artery (VA) bilaterally arises usually from the subclavian artery and courses within the bony canals of cervical vertebrae, and then it reverses directions on the first vertebra before piercing the dura to enter the cranium.

The aim was to follow (ab)normal developmental changes of extracranial VA from prenatal status to age 21. This chapter included a brief description of the arterial embryology and morphofunctional specificity of the VA in prevertebral, cervical, and atlantic parts, during prenatal and postnatal period.

The authors concluded that the subclavian origin of the VA was in most of fetal and adult cases. The incidences of variable VA origins and domination of one of the VAs were different from one series of human specimens to the second one. Although in most of cases, anomalous origin and/or variable course of the extracranial VA had little or did not result in clinical symptoms in infants and young adults, the true value of their discovery is in the diagnostic gain before vascular surgery of supra-aortic arteries.

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Acknowledgment

This work is supported by Ministry of Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (contract grant number: 175092).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zoran Đinđić 81, Niš, 18000, Serbia

    Vasović Ljiljana, Jovanović Ivan, Ugrenović Slađana & Vlajković Slobodan

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Ophthalmology, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zoran Đinđić 81, Niš, 18000, Serbia

    Jovanović Predrag

  3. Department of Pediatric, Health Center, Street Vojvode Tankosića 15, Niš, 18000, Serbia

    Đorđević Gordana MD

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  1. Vasović Ljiljana
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  2. Jovanović Ivan
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  3. Ugrenović Slađana
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  4. Vlajković Slobodan
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  5. Jovanović Predrag
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  6. Đorđević Gordana MD
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Correspondence to Vasović Ljiljana .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. INI-International Neuroscience Institute, Hannover, Germany

    Concezio Di Rocco

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey

    Nejat Akalan

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Ljiljana, V., Ivan, J., Slađana, U., Slobodan, V., Predrag, J., Gordana, Đ. (2014). Extracranial Segments of the Vertebral Artery: Insight in the Developmental Changes up to the 21st Year of Life. In: Di Rocco, C., Akalan, N. (eds) Pediatric Craniovertebral Junction Diseases. Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery, vol 40. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01065-6_3

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