Abstract
The rare-earth nucleus \(^{158}\mathrm{{Er}}\) exhibits a number of beautiful structural changes as it evolves with increasing excitation energy and angular momentum. After undergoing Coriolis induced alignments of high-\(j\) neutron and proton pairs, a dramatic prolate collective to oblate non-collective transition takes place via the mechanism of band termination. At the highest spins, a spectacular return to collective rotation is observed in the form of triaxial strongly deformed bands. This latter suggestion is based on a comparison of transition quadrupole moments (\(Q_\mathrm{{t}}\)) between experiment and theory, and long standing predictions that such heavy nuclei will possess nonaxial shapes on their path towards fission. These exciting discoveries in \(^{158}\mathrm{{Er}}\) have benefited greatly from the progression of \(\gamma \)-ray detector developments through recent decades. The new \(\gamma \)-ray energy tracking technique and the next generation detector arrays utilizing this technique, e.g., GRETINA (\(1\pi \)) and GRETA (\(4\pi \)), are briefly discussed.
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Acknowledgments
The authors want to thank all the collaborators involved in the recent experiments on \(^{158}\mathrm{{Er}}\) (and neighboring nuclei) including: J. Simpson, E. S. Paul, R. V. F. Janssens, A. O. Evans, P. J. Nolan, A. Pipidis, I. Ragnarsson, P. J. Twin, A. Aguilar, A. D. Ayangeakaa, A. J. Boston, H. C. Boston, D. B. Campbell, M. P. Carpenter, C. J. Chiara, R. M. Clark, M. Cromaz, I. G. Darby, P. Fallon, U. Garg, D. J. Hartley, C. R. Hoffman, D. T. Joss, D. S. Judson, F. G. Kondev, T. Lauritsen, K. Lagergren, I. Y. Lee, N. M. Lumley, A. O. Macchiavelli, J. Matta, J. Ollier, M. Petri, D. C. Radford, J. M. Rees, J. P. Revill, L. L. Riedinger, S. V. Rigby, J. F. Sharpey-Schafer, F. S. Stephens, C. Teal, J. Thomson, C. Unsworth, D. Ward, and S. Zhu. In addition, the authors would like to thank everyone who has been involved in the GRETINA/GRETA and AGATA projects. Your brilliant efforts have created the next step in the evolution of \(\gamma \)-ray spectroscopy and this is greatly appreciated by the nuclear physics community. This work has been supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants No. PHY-0756474 (FSU), PHY-0554762 (USNA), and PHY-0754674 (UND), the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contracts No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (ANL), DE-AC02-05CH11231 (LBNL), DE-AC05-00OR22725 (ORNL), DE-FG02-94ER40834 (UMD), and DE-FG02-96ER40983 (UTK), the United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council, the Swedish Science Research Council, and by the State of Florida.
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Wang, X., Riley, M.A. (2013). The Fascinating \(\gamma \)-Ray World of the Atomic Nucleus: The Evolution of Nuclear Structure in \(^{158}\mathrm{{Er}}\) and the Future of \(\gamma \)-Ray Spectroscopy. In: Greiner, W. (eds) Exciting Interdisciplinary Physics. FIAS Interdisciplinary Science Series. Springer, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00047-3_13
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