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Flow Induced Processes Causing Oriented Crystallization

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Crystallization Modalities in Polymer Melt Processing

Abstract

The investigations in this field started around the year 1970. From the beginning shear flow [1] and extensional flow [2] experiments were carried out. Another classification was with respect to experiments, where flow was continued until the viscosity of the melt started to increase rapidly [1], and those, where the progress of crystallization was followed during flow in a more subtle way by dilatometry [3], by scattering experiments [4] or by a count of upcoming nuclei [5]. In fact, flow can increase the speed of crystallization enormously. Last not least the pioneering work by Van der Vegt and Smit [6] should not be forgotten. With decreasing temperatures these authors observed an increasing obstruction at the entrance to a capillary, which was used for viscometry. The authors correctly interpreted this obstruction as the result of a crystallization starting under the influence of the extensional entrance flow. Another classification has been with respect to the type of rheometers used. Parallel plate rotational rheometers were often used [3, 4], lately also in [7, 8] (using the apparatus of Linkam Scientific Instruments with glass plates). For high shear rates rectilinear flow is required. In rotational viscometers secondary flow can be very disturbing at high angular velocities. For a suitable rectilinear flow a sandwich construction has been used, where one glass plate moves at a constant distance with respect to another glass plate. [1, 9–11]. A rectilinear flow is also obtained, if a glass fiber is drawn through the undercooled melt [12]. Near the surface of the fiber rather high rates of shear can be obtained.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Note added at proof: The present author regrets for having overlooked a decisive paper by a group of Japanese authors with Prof. Kornfield [79]. These authors applied small angle neutron scattering to three special samples of iPP. These samples were mixtures of three fractions of different molar masses. In each sample one of the fractions was Deuterium labeled. Of particular interest was the sample, in which the low molar mass fraction was labeled with Deuterium. After partial remelting the highly oriented surface layer, as obtained after duct flow, the authors found that the same amount of the said low molar mass fraction was present in the surface layer and in the bulk. This means that no selection of the high molar mass molecules has occurred during the crystallization process, which was caused by the flow treatment.

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  1. Universität Linz Inst. Polymerwissenschaften, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria

    Prof. Dr. Hermann Janeschitz-Kriegl

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Janeschitz-Kriegl, H. (2010). Flow Induced Processes Causing Oriented Crystallization. In: Crystallization Modalities in Polymer Melt Processing. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-87627-5_3

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