Abstract
Extradural motor cortex stimulation has been employed in cases of Parkinson’s disease (PD), fixed dystonia (FD) and spastic hemiparesis (SH) following cerebral stroke. Symptoms of PD are improved by EMCS: results were evaluated on the basis of the UPDRS and statistically analysed. In PD EMCS is less efficacious than bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation, but it may be safely employed in patients not eligible for deep brain stimulation (DBS). The most rewarding effect is the improvement, in severely affected patients, of posture and gait. FD, unresponsive to bilateral pallidal stimulation, has been relieved by EDMS. In SH reduction of spasticiy by EMCS allows improvement of the motor function.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ances BM, D’Esposito M (2000) Neuroimaging of recovery of function after stroke: implication for rehabilitation. Neurorehab Neural Re 14: 171–179
Bentivoglio A, Cavallo MA, Cioni B, et al (2005) Motor Cortex stimulation for movement disorders. 14th Meeting of the World Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery WSSFN. Roma (Italy) June 14-17, Meglio M (ed) Medimond international proceedings. Bologna, pp 89–98
Brown P (2006) Bad oscillation in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm 70: 27–30
Canavero S, Pagni CA, Bonicalzi V (2002) La stimolazione elettrica corticale transdurale: una temibile rivale della stimolazione cerebrale profonda. Settimana neurochirurgica d’inverno. Riunione invernale delle Società di neuroscienze Marzo. Madonna di Campiglio, pp 3–10
Canavero S, Paolotti R, Bonicalzi V, et al (2002) Extradural motor cortex stimulation for advanced Parkinson disease: report of two cases. J Neurosurg 97: 1208–1211
Canavero S, Bonicalzi V, Intonti S, et al (2006) Effects of bilateral extradural cortical stimulation for plegic stroke rehabilitation. Neuromodulation 9: 28–33
Cantello R, Tarletti R, Civardi C (2002) Transcranial magnetic stimulation and Parkinson’s disease. Brain Res Rev 38: 309–327
Chae JH, Nahas Z, Wassermann E, et al (2004) A pilot safety study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in Tourette’s syndrome. Cogn Behav Neurol 17: 109–117
Cioni B (2007) Motor cortex stimulation for Parkinson’s disease. In: Sakas DE, Simpson BA (eds) Operative neuromodulation. Springer, Wien New York 2: 233–238
Di Lazzaro V, DiLeone M, Profice P, et al (2006) Direct demonstration that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can enhance cortico-spinal excitability in stroke. Stroke 37(11): 2850–2853
Drouot X, Oshino S, Jarraya B, etal (2004) Functional recovery in a primate model of Parkinson’s disease following motor cortex stimulation. Neuron 44: 769–778
Franzini A, Ferroli P, Servello D, et al (2000) Reversal of thalamic hand syndrome by long-term motor cortex stimulation. J Neurosurg 94: 873–875
Franzini A, Ferroli P, Dones I, et al (2003) Chronic motor cortex stimulation for movement disorders: a promising perspective. Neurol Res 25: 123–126
Hummel F, Celnik P, Giraux P, et al (2005) Effects of non-invasive cortical stimulation on skilled motor function in chronic stroke. Brain 128: 490–499
Katayama Y, Tsubokawa T, Yamamoto T (1994) Chronic motor cortex stimulation for central deafferentation pain: experience with bulbar pain secondary to Wallenberg syndrome. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 62: 295–299
Katayama Y, Fukaya C, Yamamoto T (1997) Control of post-stroke involuntary and voluntary movement disorders with deep brain or epidural cortical stimulation. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 69: 73–79
Katayama Y, Oshima H, Fukaya C, et al (2002) Control of post-stroke movement disorders using chronic motor cortex stimulation. Acta Neurochir Suppl 79: 89–92
Kleiner-Fisman G, Fisman DN, Sime E, et al (2003) Long-term follow up of bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with advanced Parkinson disease. J Neurosurg 99: 489–495
Lefaucher JP, Fenelon G, Menard-Lefaucher I, et al (2004) Low-frequency repetitive TMS of premotor cortex can reduce painful axial spasms in generalized secondary dystonia: a pilot study of three patients. Neurophysiol Clin 34: 141–145
Lefaucher JP, Drouot X, Von Raison F, et al (2004) Improvement of motor performances and modulation of cortical excitability by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neurophysiol 115: 2530–2541
Linazosoro G (2003) Subthalamic deep brain stimulation for advanced Parkinson’s disease: all that glitters is not gold. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74: 827
Mally J, Stone TW (1999) Improvement in Parkinsonian symptoms after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Neurol Sci 162: 179–184
Mottaghy FM (2003) TMS: using brain plasticity to treat chronic poststroke symptoms. Neurology 61: 881–882
Murase N, Rothwell JC, Kaji R, et al (2005) Subthreshold low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the premotor cortex modulates writer’s cramp. Brain 128: 104–115
Nguyen JP, Pollin B, Féve A, et al (1998) Improvement of action-tremor by chronic cortical stimulation. Mov Disord 13: 84–88
Pagni CA (2002) La stimolazione della corteccia motoria nel morbo di Parkinson. Un’alternativa alla stimolazione del subtalamo. Presented at the symposium: La neuromodulazione e i suoi campi di applicazione (Risultati e prospettive). Simposio internazionale di neurochirurgia funzionale. Copanello (Cz) 12 Luglio
Pagni CA, Zeme S, Zenga F, et al (2003) Treatment of symptoms due to long term dopa therapy in Parkinson’s disease by extradural motor cortex stimulation. Presented at 12th European Congress of Neurosurgery, Lisbon, Portugal. Poster P-STF-315
Pagni CA, Zeme S, Zenga F, et al (2003) Further experience with extradural motor cortex stimulation for treatment of advanced Parkinson’s disease. Report of three new cases. J Neurosurg Sci 47: 189–193
Pagni CA, Zeme S, Zenga F, et al (2005) Extradural motor cortex stimulation in advanced Parkinson’s disease: the Turin experience: technical case report. Neurosurgery 57(ONS Suppl 3): 402
Pagni CA, Altibrandi MG, Bentivoglio A, et al (2005) Extradural motor cortex stimulation (EMCS) for Parkinson’s disease. History and first results by the study group of the Italian Neurosurgical Society. Acta Neurochir Suppl 93: 113–119
Pascual-Leone A (2005) Brain stimulation for the promotion of functional restoration in stroke. Symposium Clinical Perspectives on Functional Restoration — from Neurobiology to Neurostimulation, July 21-23, Hannover
Pascual-Leone A, Valls-Solè J, Brasil-Neto JP, etal (1994) Akinesia in Parkinson’s disease: Part II — Effects of subthreshold repetitive transcranial motor cortex stimulation. Neurology 44: 892–898
Priori A, Lefaucheur JP (2007) Chronic epidural motor cortex stimulation for movement disorders. Lancet Neurol 6: 279–286
Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Gorospe A, Guridi J, et al (2000) Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 55(Suppl 6): 45–51
Romito LM, Franzini A, Perani D, et al (2007) Fixed dystonia unresponsive to pallidal stimulation improved by motor cortex stimulation. Neurology 68: 875–876
Shimamoto H, Takasaki K, Shigemori M, et al (2001) Therapeutic effect and mechanism of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol 248 (Suppl 3): 48–52
Siebner HR, Mentschel C, Auer C, et al (1999) Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has a beneficial effect on bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease. Neuroreport 10: 589–594
Siebner HR, Tormos JM, Ceballos-Baumann AO, et al (1999) Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in writer’s cramp. Neurology 52: 529–536
Siebner HR, Peller M, Willoch F, et al (2000) Lasting cortical activation after repetitive TMS of the motor cortex: a glucose metabolic study. Neurology 54: 956–963
Thickbroom GW, Byrnes ML, Walters S, et al (2006) Motor cortex reorganization in Parkinson’s disease. J Clin Neurosci 13: 639–642
Tsubokawa T, Katayama Y, Yamamoto T, et al (1991) Chronic motor cortex stimulation for the treatment of central pain. Acta Neurochir Suppl 52: 137–139
Tsubokawa T, Katayama Y, Yamamoto T, et al (1993) Treatment of deafferentation pain with thalamic and motor cortex stimulation: Possible role of reorganization of neural circuits. Presented at VIIth World Congress on Pain, Paris, pp 504–506
Woolsey CN, Erickson TC, Gilson WE (1979) Localization in somatic sensory and motor areas of human cerebral cortex as determined by direct recording of evoked potentials and electrical stimulation. J Neurosurg 51: 476–506
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Pagni, C.A. et al. (2008). Results by motor cortex stimulation in treatment of focal dystonia, Parkinson’s disease and post-ictal spasticity. The experience of the Italian Study Group of the Italian Neurosurgical Society. In: Chiu, WT., et al. Reconstructive Neurosurgery. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplementum, vol 101. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-78205-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-78205-7_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-211-78204-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-211-78205-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)